现行企业境外所得税抵免制度评析

2008年,《企业所得税法》及其实施条例分别以专门的条款确立了中国企业境外所得税抵免制度的框架。本文通过与《企业所得税法》实施前原内资企业所得税和外资企业所得税制度下的企业境外所得税抵免规定对比,概括了境外所得税抵免制度的主要特征,并从四个方面分析了现行境外所得税抵免制度的局限。     

我国企业所得税境外所得抵免规定中存在的问题及对策

本文通过对现有境外所得抵免政策的分析,指明其需要补充和完善的内容,同时提出了相关政策建议。     

Tax Competition and Foreign Capital

This paper derives welfare equivalence of double taxation rules in a tax competition model with discriminatory home taxes and the ability to finance subsidiary operations with host country capital. For a more general model, we provide sufficient conditions on the number of host sectors and factors that support double-tax-rule equivalence. Examples violating these conditions help identify economic factors under which a home country has strict preferences over double taxation rules. If the home tax rate can influence host factor prices, the home country weakly prefers deductions over credits as in the pure-home-equity financing case.     

企业境外所得税收抵免制度研究

我国现行企业境外所得税收抵免制度主要包括国内税制和对外税收协定两个部分,目前还存在一些问题:分国限额抵免不利于企业走出去,对境内、境外所得进行成本费用分摊操作性差,亏损弥补的限制抑制了企业境外投资动力,返程投资居民企业国内税收无法抵免,允许间接抵免的企业层级过少,对税收饶让的限制加重了走出去企业的税收负担,超限额抵免结转限制造成税收抵免不足等。本文针对这些问题,提出了相应的改进建议。     

企业境外所得税收抵免相关问题分析

本文从现行我国企业境外所得税收抵免相关税收政策的执行情况入手,梳理出现行税收政策亟需解决的问题,并借鉴部分国家的经验,提出了进一步完善我国企业境外所得税收抵免相关税收政策的思路和建议。     

借鉴国外经验完善我国外国税收抵免制度

本文从消除国际双重征税的方法、外国税收抵免的条件、外国税收抵免的限额等角度对中美外国税收抵免制度进行了详细比较,并指出了我国外国税收抵免制度存在的缺陷,认为应借鉴国外经验对我国的外国税收抵免制度加以完善。     

Fundamental Tax Reform in The Netherlands

The Netherlands has abolished the tax on actual personal capital income and has replaced it by a presumptive capital income tax, which is in fact a net wealth tax. This paper contrasts this wealth tax with a conventional realization-based capital gains tax, a retrospective capital gains tax with interest on the deferred tax, and a mark-to-market tax which taxes capital gains as they accrue. We conclude that the effective and neutral taxation of capital income can best be ensured through a combination of (a) a mark-to-market tax to capture the returns on easy-to-value financial products, and (b) a capital gains tax with interest to tax the returns on hard-to-value real estate and small businesses.     

企业境外所得税收抵免政策解析

税收管辖权的重叠必然导致国际间重复课税。抵免法是各国推荐的消除重复课税的方法。本文在介绍国际税收抵免相关概念和原理的基础上,就我国企业境外所得税收抵免有关问题进行了分析解读,并比较了新旧政策的主要变化。     

Capital Mobility and Source-Based Taxation of Capital Income in Small Open Economies

This paper examines the taxation of capital income in a small open economy that faces a highly elastic supply of internationally mobile capital and increasing tax competition. The analysis considers a wide variety of additional factors that affect the determination of capital income taxation policy, including the desire to tax economic rents earned by foreign and domestic firms, the desire to take advantage of any treasury transfer effects, the role played by transfer pricing and other financial accounting manipulations by foreign multinationals, the need for a backstop to the personal income tax and various political concerns. The paper evaluates several potential income and consumption-based tax reforms in this context. JEL Code: H21, H25, H87     

论税收国际化趋势下我国的涉外税制

税收国际化是世界经济国际化发展的必然结果。加入世界贸易组织后,我国涉外税收体系中的关税、所得税和增值税等也经历了国际化的发展历程。我国涉外税收制度的改革与完善涵盖诸如加快增值税转型步伐、统一内外资企业所得税、调整与完善涉外税收优惠制度、加强国际税收合作等各方面。涉外税制的改革与完善将促进我国外向型经济的进一步发展,从而有助于我国在经济全球化的进程中获取最大的经济利益。     

关于外汇账户体系建设及应用的若干思考

本文在对现行外汇账户管理体系进行分析的基础上,提出分步骤实现外汇收支信息的全口径采集,在外汇账户基础上逐步搭建统一的基础数据平台、管理操作平台和监测预警平台等三大外汇管理平台,最终构建以外汇账户系统为依托,集统计、分析、监测、预警功能于一体的外汇资金流动监管体系,全面提高对涉外主体外汇收支的有效监管。     

One-Way Treaty with the World: The U.S. Withholding Tax and the Netherlands Antilles

This paper chronicles the experiences of the U.S. withholding tax on interest income. In 1984, the U.S. repealed its 30 percent withholding tax on interest income paid to foreign persons or corporations. While the tax raised little revenue, it had imposed substantial implicit costs on U.S. corporate borrowers. Since, prior to repeal, domestically issued bonds were subject either to withholding or strict information requirements, many U.S. multinationals raised funds through foreign finance subsidiaries, primarily in the Netherlands Antilles, to avoid the tax. Although the withholding tax rate was effectively reduced to zero in the U.S., this paper demonstrates that interest flows were highly sensitive to their after-tax cost.     

最优所得税理论与我国个人所得税的实践

最优所得税理论一诞生,就受到了广泛关注。一些学者用不同模型阐述了最优所得税理论。虽毋须严格按照这些模型来设计我国的个人所得税制度,但其模型所体现的税制设计理念或思想对现阶段我国个人所得税制度的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

税收信用体系建设与建立征信国家

市场经济的本质是信用经济，税收信用是信用体系的一部分。建立税收信用体系，一方面可以为建立征信国家提供纳税信用信息，完善信用数据库；另一方面，一个征信国家有完善的征信服务。信息资源共享，可以帮助税务部门更好地监控税源，激励纳税人提高纳税信用。所以，应尽快在我国建立起税收信用体系。     

Economic Effects of Taxing Different Organizational Forms under the Nordic Dual Income Tax

This paper analyzes the economic effects of income splitting rules for closely held corporations and sole proprietorships/partnerships under the Nordic dual income tax. Income is split by imputing a return to capital, but the methods used for this differ between the Nordic countries. With a few notable exceptions, income splitting does well in the sense that the cost of capital is approximately the same in closely and widely held corporations. The special tax rules for sole proprietorships/partnerships manage to neutralize the impact of the high labor income tax on the cost of capital.     

进一步完善我国受控外国企业税制

我国受控外国企业税制的设计参考了欧美发达国家受控外国企业税制的内容,与国际通行的做法基本一致。然而,我国受控外国企业税制的规定还较为原则,虽然国家税务总局已经出台有关文件予以补充和细化,但在受控外国企业税制的适用地域和适用的纳税人、受控外国企业税制与税收协定的关系、受控外国公司归宿所得的计算等方面,仍然需要进一步完善。     

美国劳动所得税抵免制度及其借鉴

美国的劳动所得税抵免制度不仅是一种税收政策,更是一种反贫困的福利政策。从效率角度看,劳动所得税抵免有助于促进低收入者参与劳动;从公平角度看,劳动所得税抵免有助于扶助低收入家庭和贫困儿童,且实施成本较低。本文通过对美国劳动所得税抵免制度的制定、实施方式、发展趋势和制度影响的分析,试图为我国的个人所得税改革寻找一种新的思路。     

Exemption vs. Credit Method in International Double Taxation Treaties

This paper examines the choice of international double taxation relief methods by two small countries that mutually exchange foreign direct investment. At the first stage, each country chooses between the exemption and the credit method (as prescribed by the OECD model treaty) and at the second stage, each country sets nationally optimal non-discriminatory capital tax rates. It is shown that in the subgame perfect equilibrium both countries choose the exemption method. Mutual application of the exemption method is also shown to yield the highest welfare for each country. While the tax export effect generally induces both countries to choose inefficiently high tax rates, this effect is weakest when both countries exempt foreign earned profits from domestic taxation.     

Current Account Determinants for Oil-Exporting Countries

The paper characterizes the main determinants of the medium-term current account balance for oil-exporting countries using dynamic panel estimation techniques. It includes a large number of oil-exporting countries and extends the specifications commonly used in the literature to include an oil wealth variable as well as a proxy for the degree of maturity in oil production. The results reveal that factors that matter in determining the equilibrium current account balance of oil-exporting counties are fiscal balance, oil balance, oil wealth, age dependency, economic growth, and degree of oil production-related imports.     

优化我国证券收益所得课税的思考

我国经济和证券市场的高速发展对现行证券税制提出更高的要求。因此,我国证券税制的改革应循着这样的道路:进一步完善现行税制,并与国际惯例接轨;调节收入分配关系,更好地体现公平原则;打击短期投资行为,鼓励长期投资;尽快解决重复征税问题,使之成为推动证券市场健康发展的动力。