习近平首论林业与全面小康之关系

林业发展与全面建成小康社会的辩证关系是什么?4月5日,习近平在参加首都义务植树活动时给出答案:"‘十三五’时期既是全面建成小康社会的决胜阶段,也是生态文明建设的重要时期。发展林业是全面建成小康社会的重要内容,是生态文明建设的重要举措。"一、全面建成小康社会为林业发展带来新机遇"十三五"时期,我国经济发展进入新常态,向形态更高级、分工更优化、结构更合理的阶段演变。新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化深入发展,新的增长动力正在孕育形     

循环经济呼唤绿色风暴

全面建设小康社会不仅要实现物质文明、政治文明和精神文明,还要实现生态文明.在全面建设小康社会中,走一条发展循环经济的道路,既是经济发展的要求,也是生态文明的重要体现.     

林业上市公司市盈率分析及其风险控制研究

"十三五"时期既是全面建成小康社会的决胜阶段,也是生态文明建设的重要时期,发展林业是全面建成小康社会的重要内容,是生态文明建设的重要举措。林业上市公司是最具代表性和影响力的林业企业,其科学发展对林业行业一定的指导作用。文章选取11家林业上市公司作为研究样本,运用因子分析法研究2015年股市高峰期及2014年股市低谷期市盈率的影响因素,建立因子得分模型,为林业上市公司提出风险预警。     

循环经济呼唤绿色风暴

全面建设小康社会不仅要实现物质文明、政治文明和精神文明，还要实现生态文明。在全面建设小康社会中，走一条发展循环经济的道路，既是经济发展的要求，也是生态文明的重要体现。     

武鸣县：依托生态家园 建设生态文明

近年来,武鸣县紧紧围绕社会主义新农村建设,以建立节约型社会和发展循环经济为理念,以实现农村小康社会为目标,以农村能源项目建设为载体,依托生态家园建设,建设生态文明,积极推广生态农业,全县农村能源建设水平得到全面提升。1999年以来,该县累计投入9818.112万元,建成沼气池10.56万座,沼气入户率81%,建成生态文明村124个。     

大力实施乡村振兴战略 全面推进江阴“三农”发展

正2018年是贯彻落实党的十九大精神、实施乡村振兴战略的开局之年,是决胜全面建成小康社会的关键之年。江苏省江阴市以农业供给侧结构性改革为主线,以农村综合改革为动力,大力实施乡村振兴战略,按照产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的总要求,建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系,统筹推进农村经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和党的建设,加快推动农业全面升级,农村全面进步,农民全面发展,为决     

加强生态保护 加快林业精准扶贫脱贫

正2016年是全面建成小康社会决胜阶段的开局之年,按照宁夏回族自治区党委、政府安排部署,宁夏要力争到2018年确保全区农村贫困人口全部脱贫、确保贫困县全部摘帽的目标,兑现"不让一个贫困地区、一个贫困人口掉队"的承诺。"发展林业是全面建成小康社会的重要内容,是生态文明建设的重要举措",全区各级林业部门要切实履行生态建设主体责任,增绿增质增效,加强生态保护,建设美丽宁夏,加快林业精准扶贫、精准脱贫。     

中国小康思想的传承创新和社会建设的实践经验

全面建成小康社会是中国共产党第一个百年奋斗目标,也是中华民族的千年梦想。小康理念从千年梦想到百年目标,小康社会从理论创新到实践探索,小康进程从全面建设到全面建成,逐步形成了中国特色的关于小康社会建设的理论体系。改革开放以来,我国经历了稳定解决温饱问题、建设实现总体小康、全面建设小康社会、全面建成小康社会的光辉历程。2020年,全面建成小康社会取得历史性成就,农村小康社会建设取得决定性进展,对中国和世界的发展具有重要意义。全面建成小康的经验启示可以提炼概括为坚持走中国特色发展道路,坚持以科学理论作为指引,坚持强化各方面制度保障,坚持动员全社会广泛参与。     

湖北省工业化进程中的资源环境困境与生态文明突破思路

生态文明建设的重点是资源节约利用和生态环境保护。湖北省生态文明建设的突破思路应立足于湖北省主要资源环境问题。湖北省当前资源环境问题主要有大宗矿产资源缺乏、水污染严重、城区环境空气质量不容乐观、自然资源消耗强度过高、"三废"治理不充分等方面。这些问题的集中发生,已影响到湖北省社会经济的健康发展和全面建成小康社会的质量。湖北省应采取措施,以解决主要资源环境问题为重点,按照主体功能区要求,协调好工业化和城镇化与生态环境承载力的关系,采取多项措施,推进生态文明的大发展。     

农村生态文明建设的现状及对策研究

加强农村生态文明建设是贯彻落实党中央重大战略部署和习近平生态文明思想的政治要求,是保护自然生态环境和改善农村农民人居环境的迫切需要,是落实中央农村工作会议精神和扎实推进乡村振兴战略的具体举措。加强对农村生态文明建设现状的研究以及探索提升农村生态文明建设水平的具体对策,对我们坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战、不断满足广大人民"盼环保"、"求生态"的强烈民生需求、实现新时代乡村振兴和全面建成小康社会目标具有重大战略意义。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.