烟草行业新零售初探

新零售和传统烟草零售方式之间最大的差异就在于数据智能化技术的应用,结合用户的实际需求来看,为推动新零售工作的开展,需要优化产品的制造工艺和外形设计,促进产品流通,保证生产质量。为了全面促进烟草行业实行新零售模式,需要对消费者的购买数据进行采集,充分了解供应链前端的销售情况,创新产品设计理念,制定合理的营销策划方案,保证向供应链上游延伸,为消费者提供优质服务。     

试析AI数据分析技术对零售市场终端监测和反馈的作用

近年来,线下零售企业面临着巨大的挑战,零售市场终端监测和反馈更显意义重大,而AI数据分析技术为终端监测和反馈提供了新思路。本文首先阐述了零售众包模式和流程,指出了关键要素,并重点分析终端监测和反馈过程中,AI数据分析技术的具体作用,包括提升监测数据分析效率、节省市场终端监测成本、加强分析结果的可靠性等。最后,对零售企业商业模式的发展策略展开了探讨,以期为优化零售市场终端监测提供启示与借鉴。     

The economics of retail firms

This paper identifies retail firms as an economic institution which delivers explicit products or services to consumer together with a variety of distribution services that determine the levels of distribution costs experienced by consumers in their purchase activities. The demand for the retailer's product is derived from a household production model in which the levels of distribution services provided by the retailer play the role of fixed inputs in the household's production functions. The supply of the retailer's product is derived from a joint cost function which is non-decreasing in the levels of distribution services provided. Profit-maximizing behavior in monopolistically competive markets shows that retail firms have special economic incentives to become complex organizations by integrating backwards, offering multiple explicit products and operating in more than one market. In addition, monopolistically competitive retail firms in long-run equilibrium will exhibit excess capacity, price dispersion and product choice in distribution services.     

实体零售业互联网创新演进机理--基于适应性营销能力的多案例研究

互联网创新已成为数字化时代实体零售业业态演进的主要目标。众多实体企业面临着从传统店铺零售转型为互联网零售方式的转型难题。本研究基于适应性营销能力理论,探讨了实体零售业从互联网转型战略到互联网转型项目实施过程,并构建了实体零售业互联网演进能力迁移的理论框架。研究发现:①适应性营销能力是解释实体零售业演进能力迁移的关键,实体零售企业互联网演进过程可以按照"互联网战略导向→适应性营销能力→组织政治策略→绩效"的关系进行表述;②实体零售业转型的主要战略是互联网市场导向和互联网技术导向,战略选择是基于企业自身资源基础和相对优势的分析;③实体零售业组织在互联网创新的角色具有双面性,即鼓励创新又适当妥协。研究结论进一步丰富了零售业演进理论和适应性营销理论的相关研究,对当前互联网环境下企业如何实施互联网战略转型具有实践指导意义。     

原材料-生产商-需求商一体化生产库存模型研究

考虑了生产率和需求率均为常数情形下的变质性物品生产库存模型,通过考虑原材料、生产商、需求商三方面的相关费用之和,得到了一体化生产库存模型。最后讨论了模型的性质并给出了求解最优生产库存策略的算法。     

允许延期支付时的生产商—销售商一体化生产库存模型

在考虑信用期的情况下,研究了生产率为常数、需求率随价格变化情形下的变质性物品生产库存模型,通过考虑生产商、销售商双方的联合总收益,得到了一体化生产库存模型并给出了求解最优生产库存策略的算法和算例。     

江苏省农民专业合作社现状分析——大圣水芹合作社案例分析

我国农民多为散户生产,在这种情况下对农民难以组织控制,限制了进一步发展。为发展农业,我国大力提倡推行农业合作社。本文通过案例分析法研究大圣合作社,并进行相关问题的分析和解决,认为江苏省合作社已初有成效,但仍需进一步改进。     

新零售视角下贵州农资物流配送模式研究

农业是国民经济的基础,而农业生产资料的支持是农业发展的基础。在“三农”问题愈发重要的今天,农业生产资料的配送问题也随之显得十分重要。贵州省农村物流发展缓慢,传统的农资配送过程中存在着配送环节过多、配送成本过高、企业获得利润过少的问题,同时也造成了农民生产成本过高、收入低的现象。文章在分析了贵州省农资物流供应链发展现状、存在问题以及问题产生的原因基础之上,提出了“新零售”视角下建立贵州农资配送新模式。     

电炉法黄磷生产火灾危险性分析

通过对电炉法生产黄磷的工艺流程的分析,分析出电炉法黄磷生产的火灾危险性,为黄磷生产企业防止生产事故的发生,消防监督和灭火救援人员开展消防监督和灭火救援工作提供借鉴。     

Control of linear dynamic market systems

This paper introduces and studies a new type of dynamic system that characterizes the behavior of a dynamic market in dynamic eqùilibrium. The system consists of a physical production process operated by a large collection of producers, a group of consumers with a demand function, and a market that provides the dynamic equilibrium as the producers attempt to maximize profit. The paper introduces these dynamic equilibrium systems and discusses some of their basic properties. The concepts of reachability and observability are considered and it is shown that there are extensions of these concepts to equilibrium systems.     

Performance evaluation of retail banking services: Is there a trade-off between production and quality?

We propose a two-stage data envelopment analysis model to give an insight on the internal structure of the banking sector and study the important role of service quality in the production process. The first stage deals with the production performance and is related with the optimal use of resources to produce banking services, whereas the second stage deals with the service quality performance using customer-reported satisfaction and loyalty measures. This paper analyzes the efficiency and productivity of 36 branches of a single bank of Greece over the period 2016–2018. The results indicate the existence of a strong trade-off between production and service quality. Further insights of the study indicate that the branch size significantly affects the service quality and overall efficiency. Moreover, the employee assessments by the performance appraisal system of the bank are mainly associated with the service production and not with service quality. Finally, this study presents a managerial decision-making matrix and makes recommendations to help bank managers to improve the retail network performance.     

Certification and socially responsible production

In many markets, consumers are unable to distinguish between goods that are produced in a socially responsible way and goods that are not. In such situations, socially responsible production is not a profit-maximizing strategy, even if the premium that consumers are willing to pay exceeds the costs. Only firms that are genuinely motivated by social responsibility would then produce in this way, and there would be too little socially responsible production. Improved opportunities for voluntary certification could potentially reduce this problem by allowing firms to signal their type. We examine how the possibility of certification affects the share of socially responsible production. Our main result is that increased certification may reduce the share of socially responsible production by reducing prices in the market for uncertified products and thus crowd out socially responsible producers who do not certify. This provide a mechanism through which certification might have adverse effects on socially responsible production, even when the certification process is perfect and when there is perfect competition among the producers.     

Efficiency of temporary equilibria

A temporary equilibrium model of a production economy with various capital markets in which producers maximize the expected utility of cash flows in various periods is considered. Without restricting the price expectation of producers, it is shown that, if contracts to buy or sell goods at future periods can be trated in a market and if the producer's utility functions are increasing in the cash flow of the first period, then the temporary equilibrium allocations are technically efficient. Also, production is technically efficient even in the presence of some quantity constraints on sales of futures contracts which are sufficient for existence of an equilibrium.     

The dynamic characteristics of prok-hog,beef-cattle,and corn subsectors and the competition between pork-hog and beef-cattle industries in the United States

In this study, a simultaneous equation model is specified and estimated to analyze the competitive relationships between pork and beef in the retail market for consumers’ dollars and between the beef-cattle and pork-hog industries in input markets for production factors by means of estimated expenditure elasticities. In addition, the short-run and long-run effects of external shocks on the livestock industries and corn subsector are evaluated. From the results of analyses, it is found that beef has greater capability than pork to compete for consumers’ dollars while the pork-hog industry has greater ability than the beef-cattle subsector to compete for production inputs in both the short and long run as per-capita disposable income is raised. In general, the estimated multipliers indicate a fairly long process required for the livestock industries and corn subsector to complete a full adjustment to exogenous shocks.     

On the emergence of scale-free production networks

We propose a simple dynamical model for the formation of production networks among monopolistically competitive firms. The model subsumes the standard general equilibrium approach à la Arrow–Debreu but displays a wide set of potential dynamic behaviors. It robustly reproduces key stylized facts of firms׳ demographics. Our main result is that competition between intermediate good producers generically leads to the emergence of scale-free production networks.     

Production under uncertainty: a simulation study

In this paper we model production technology in a state-contingent framework. Our model analyzes production under uncertainty without being explicit about the nature of producer risk preferences. In our model producers’ risk preferences are captured by the risk-neutral probabilities they assign to the different states of nature. Using a state-general state-contingent specification of technology we show that rational producers who encounter the same stochastic technology can make significantly different production choices. Further, we develop an econometric methodology to estimate the risk-neutral probabilities and the parameters of stochastic technology when there are two states of nature and only one of which is observed. Finally, we simulate data based on our state-general state-contingent specification of technology. Biased estimates of the technology parameters are obtained when we apply conventional ordinary least squares estimator on the simulated data.     

Supply chain performance flexibility in the Australian beef industry

The red meat value chain in Australia is undergoing a rapid change due to globalisation, a highly competitive meat market and increased production efficiency and flexibility. This paper aims to investigate how beef producers can increase supply chain performance (SCP) flexibility by improving supply chain practices. A model was developed and hypotheses were formulated based on the literature review of agri-food supply chains. A survey questionnaire was distributed to beef producers in Australia and the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that performance flexibility was significantly influenced by the supply chain practices: customer relationships and information quality (IQ). Given these findings, beef producers should focus on customer relationships and IQ in order to achieve enhanced flexibility in their SCP. The paper discusses the implications and current practices in beef cattle farming industry.     

Managing the retail operations in the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Morocco

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and resulting lockdowns have contributed to major retail operational disturbances around the globe, forcing retail organizations to manage their operations effectively. The impact can be measured as a black swan event (BSE). Therefore, to understand its impact on retail operations and enhance operational performance, the study attempts to evaluate retail operations and develop a decision-making model for disruptive events in Morocco. The study develops a three-phase evaluation approach. The approach involves fuzzy logic (to measure the current performance of retail operations), graph theory (to develop an exit strategy for retail operations based on different scenarios), and ANN and random forest-based prediction model with K-cross validation (to predict customer retention for retail operations). This methodology is preferred to develop a unique decision-making model for BSE. From the analysis, the current retail performance index has been computed as “Average” level and the graph-theoretic approach highlighted the critical attributes of retail operations. Further, the study identified triggering attributes for customer retention using machine learning-based prediction models (MLBPM) and develops a contactless payment system for customers' safety and hygiene. The framework can be used on a periodic basis to help retail managers to improve their operational performance level for disruptive events.     

Consumer Food Co-ops in the Age of Grocery Giants

As the primary purveyors of food within most neighborhoods, food retailers—particularly grocery stores—are key determinants of health. Grocery stores are also an important venue for food producers to access their customers. Over the previous 100 years—and more rapidly over the previous 40 years—ownership among grocery retailers has become concentrated in fewer firms. As a consequence, grocery stores have emerged as food system “gatekeepers.” On one side of the gate are consumers, who depend on these firms to access the food supply. On the other side are the food producers: farmers, ranchers, fishers, processors, and manufacturers. As concentration in the grocery retail sector increases, so too have the grocery giants’ practices enabled them to assume much stronger positions in the buyer-supplier relationship. With a focus on the United States and Canada, this article examines the history and rise to dominance of the largest grocery retailers and the impacts this dominance has had on the food system. Whereas most food retailers are structured under private or publicly traded models of ownership, the cooperative business model—specifically, the consumer-cooperative model—is presented as an important alternative. Cooperatives are a democratic form of ownership that enables the people who most depend on the grocery store (shoppers) to become equal owners in the business along with thousands of others in their community. The importance of consumer-food cooperatives (food co-ops) is examined, including specific case studies of small and large urban centers where food co-ops are providing substantial benefits to the communities they operate in.     

零售店的竞争导向定价分析

影响顾客择店的主要因素是价格扣购物成本。零售店如何运用竞争导向定价?在主要考虑消费者到该零售店的距离和零售店的销售面积这两个因素的情况下,本文中我们通过运用豪泰林价格竞争模型和零售引力模型,分析在已知竞争对手价格和购物成本的情况下,该零售店的最佳价格,以及两零售店经过多次博弈后达到纳什均衡时各自的价格。