论能源植物的定义及其评价指标体系的建立

本文探讨并总结了能源植物的定义,认为能源植物是指具有较高合成能源或替代能源产品能力的植物,并根据用途分为4类:1.富含类似石油成分的能源植物;2.富含高糖、高淀粉和纤维素等碳水化合物或者碳氢化合物的能源植物;3.富含油脂和挥发油的能源植物;4.速生丰产薪炭植物。根据不同能源植物的类型建立了3个评价指标体系,分别是:1.富含油、淀粉、糖、橡胶等类能源植物评价指标体系;2.木质纤维素能源植物评价指标体系;3.薪炭能源植物评价指标体系,筛选出3个一级指标:能源含量、生物质产量和生态适应性。通过数据实践检验,表明建立的评价指标体系可基本满足能源植物筛选工作的需要。     

人工湿地植物能源化利用的机遇、挑战与展望

综合概述了利用人工湿地植物进行能源化再生产的方式、优势、存在问题和发展趋势。人工湿地植物具有生长不需额外施肥、较高的生物量、物种多样化等优势,是一种较好的生物质资源,可通过生物质固体成型燃料技术、沼气技术和燃料乙醇技术加以利用,进而建立人工湿地植物生物质能源化利用模式,实现应对能源挑战、进行污水处理和强化环境保护三者的有机统一。     

利用遗传工程提高油料作物含油量的研究进展

油料作物生产的种子油,可以食用,也可以作为能源原料.利用基因工程技术改良油菜、大豆等植物种子含油量及脂肪酸组成,主要集中在脂肪酸合成途经和三酰甘油合成途经,以及利用转录因子进行调控.采用遗传工程产生营养脂肪酸植物资源,能够实现人群健康愉快.     

广东热带亚热带植物种质资源库建成

2005年初立项、华南植物园任海研究员主持承担的“广东省热带亚热带植物种质资源库”项目近期通过省相关部门验收。这一项目经过3年多的努力攻关,取得了一系列成果,如建成了较先进、系统化的热带亚热带植物种质资源迁地保育基地,新引种热带亚热带珍稀植物800多种、1600多号;建立了植物的成年植株、小苗、DNA、有效化学成分等的保存技术体系;     

生物能源树种石栗在我国的研究现状及应用探讨

石栗是一种在我国分布较广的木本油料植物,由于自身特性被广泛应用于园林绿化、医药及化妆品开发等领域。近年来,因其果实含油量高、油脂组成与麻疯树果实油相似,将其作为生物柴油原料的研究越来越多,但是相关工作尚处于起步阶段。本文对石栗作为一种能源植物的研究进展及应用进行了分析与探讨。     

能源草

能源草并不是新的植物品种，而是一系列可以作为燃料使用的草本植物的统称，一般是禾本科多年生高大的丛生草本植物，如芦竹、象草、柳枝稷、草芦等。能源草被认为是最有发展前途的生物质能源资源之一。目前国外已经开始一定程度的应用。     

小桐子的开发利用及发展的研究

综述近年来国内外对能源植物小桐子的开发利用现状及发展趋势.小桐子广泛分布和栽培于热带、亚热带地区,目前越来越多的国家和公司为获取生物柴油都在大力发展种植,随着近年世界石油市场油价的频频飚升,小桐子生物燃油的研究和开发呈蓬勃发展的态势,就目前小桐子作为能源植物在我国发展中存在的一些问题进行分析,并对其利用前景进行了分析和讨论,在存在问题的分析研究基础上,提出今后工作的建议.     

上海市海岛种子植物区系特征分析

上海市海岛共有种子植物314种,隶属于206属69科,其科包含6种分布型,属包含15种分布型。通过对上海市海岛种子植物区系的组成、地理成分、区系特征进行分析,得出主要结论如下：植物区系组成复杂、地理成分多样;广布性成分比例高、呈现出从热带向温带过渡的趋势;滨海植物区系丰富。     

黑龙江省缬草主要分布区种子植物区系分析

黑龙江省有缬草属(Valeriana)4种1变种1变型分布,其主要分布在草甸、沼泽化草甸、次生阔叶林和次生阔叶林林缘内,其主要分布区常见植物有354种,其中种子植物为338种;分析了缬草分布区种子植物组成科、属、种的多样性,以期为缬草种质资源的采集、保护、引种驯化提供依据。     

中国生物柴油木本能源植物的调查与研究

1 前言 新世纪将面临能源问题的严峻挑战，开发利用可再生能源是事关国民经济可持续发展、国家安全和社会进步的重大课题。生物质能源是由植物的光合作用固定于地球上的太阳能，通过生物质能转换技术可以高效地利用生物质能源，生产各种清洁燃料，替代煤炭、石油和天然气等矿物燃料，     

哈尔滨市六条道路植物景观现状与分析

通过对哈尔滨市道路植物景观的现状调查,对每条道路进行季节性景观分析和植物组成特色分析,总结哈尔滨市道路植物景观的优点与不足。可以为改善和提高城市道路景观质量提供科学依据。     

三江闸与1537年以来萧绍平原的姜片虫病

1537年三江闸建成之后,引起萧绍平原水系水流平缓、扁角螺孳生环境改善、河浜和低田大量形成以及水生作物普遍种植等一系列生态反应。嘉靖之后,水红菱又种于高田,使姜片虫病成为明清江浙水网地带名副其实的萧绍病。一项水利工程,就这样出人意料地参与和制约了一个区域独特的农业和疾病的历史。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.