Measuring the degree of market power in the Greek manufacturing industry

This paper investigates the competitive conditions in the Greek manufacturing industry, estimates the net and the total welfare losses due to the possible existence of market power and investigates factors affecting the market power at sectoral level and over time. The bootstrap method is applied to assign measures of accuracy to the statistical estimates. The empirical results imply the presence of imperfect competition in the Greek manufacturing industry and the existence of welfare losses. Furthermore, the findings indicate that labor intensity, the sector size and the openness influence the market power at the sectoral level and labor intensity, while the number of firms and the openness affect the market power over time.     

中国装备制造业的出口依存度及对外市场的需求弹性研究——基于行业面板数据的分析

文章利用装备制造业7个子行业2001-2009年出口交货值和产业销售值数据,对产业的对外市场需求弹性进行了动态实证研究,并在此基础上利用7个子行业的对外市场需求弹性系数作为权重,对装备制造业的对外依存度进行了新的计算。研究结果表明,装备制造业7个子行业在短期内对外市场需求缺乏弹性,而部分行业在长期内对外市场需求富有弹性;根据对外依存度的传统定义,在产业迅速发展时期,由于没有考虑到市场需求弹性因素,对产业的对外依存度存在高估。     

寡头垄断:优化产业市场结构的选择

长期以来,人们从微观经济理论出发,认为竞争是有效的,垄断是无效的。但从世界范围内的产业发展来看,寡头垄断是当今国际市场结构发展的主流,为了优化中国产业市场结构,改善产业组织绩效,本文认为应对市场结构的效率进行重新认识,并提出了优化中国产业市场结构的选择。     

Evaluation of the green technology innovation efficiency of China's manufacturing industries: DEA window analysis with ideal window width

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) window analysis with ideal window width is applied to evaluate the green technology innovation efficiency of 28 manufacturing industries in China during 2006–2014. The obtained results are compared with those calculated using the traditional DEA model, and convergence analysis of the efficiency is conducted. Five years is the obtained ideal window width and DEA window analysis with ideal window produces results closer to reality for China's manufacturing industry. The overall efficiency of the green technology innovation in the manufacturing sector is low following a wave-shaped curve – first decreasing, then increasing and decreasing again, with large inter-industrial differences. There are 8 high-, 14 medium- and 6 low-efficiency industries. A convergence trend in the green technology innovation efficiency within the 28 manufacturing industries exists, implying a catch-up effect between them.     

Industrial policy and manufacturing targeting in the US: new methodological tools for strategic policy-making

The economic crisis has pushed several countries to adopt selective industrial policies to promote manufacturing and some selected strategic sectors. Despite this new activism, the process of defining strategic targets risks being carried out with poor rigour on a political level, setting governments up for failure. This paper discusses the notion of strategic sector and proposes a new methodology to increase transparency and effectiveness in the identification of what can be defined as ‘strategic’. Focusing on the analysis of the US manufacturing system, we develop a composite indicator – the Strategic Sector Index (SSI) – to rank manufacturing industries on the basis of their strategic significance. Furthermore, we apply an uncertainty analysis methodology to the SSI to evaluate the robustness of the ranking and to minimise the degree of policy-makers’ discretionality in influencing the results.     

中部金融支撑体系建立的供求分析

中部地区作为战略互动轴心,历来被认为承担着协调沿海与内陆、接应东西部地区的重任。因此,逐步推进中部金融区域性市场的发展对实现“中部崛起”意义重大。在提出建立中部金融支撑平台的想法后,从需求与供给两个方面分析了这一方案的前提基础条件及其可行性。     

我国蔬菜行业协会的供求分析与发展完善

我国蔬菜产业近年来迅猛发展,尤其是设施栽培出现之后更使得蔬菜产业不断壮大。蔬菜行业规模的扩大衍生出来对行业协会制度的需求,而且蔬菜行业协会对蔬菜产业的发展具有相当重要的作用,但是现实情况却是我国蔬菜行业协会制度存在大量问题,供给不足。因此,要在构建我国蔬菜行业协会发展的外部环境的基础上,促进我国蔬菜行业协会建立和完善,以期引导我国蔬菜产业的发展壮大。     

The difficulties of supplying new technologies into highly regulated markets: the case of tissue engineering

This study provides an insight into the difficulties companies encounter in transposing basic science into commercially viable healthcare technologies, focusing on the issue of establishing a dominant supply model within a highly regulated market. The core issue is how to scale-up customised scientific processes into products able to supply wider and possibly mass markets. In tracing the development of approaches to scaling-up, the paper highlights the influence regulatory regimes have on high technology regulated products and services. The paper details the implications of two contrasting supply initiatives towards operationalising tissue engineering, based on differences in regulatory regimes between Europe and the USA.     

基于FAHP的内外贸一体化企业供应链竞争力研究--来自安徽辉隆与浙江农资的证据

随着内外贸一体化体制改革的推进,经济学人聚焦于探索内外贸一体化的流通组织形式、内外贸联动模式及其改制措施,而没有对内外贸一体化企业供应链竞争力问题予以关注。其实,综合评价内外贸一体化企业供应链竞争力理论与现实意义重大。基于内外贸一体化企业供应链竞争力理论机制与评价模型,构建评价指标体系,以安徽“辉隆”和浙江“农资”为例,采用模糊层次分析法（ Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process , FAHP）综合评价内外贸一体化企业供应链竞争力。研究结论显示,内外贸一体化进程较快的“辉隆”供应链竞争力强于内外贸一体化进程较缓的浙江“农资”。     

我国煤炭产业过度竞争原因及对策

目前我国煤炭产业低级低效、高度分散的竞争型市场结构,即理论上称的“原子型”结构,是造成我国煤炭产业过度竞争的原因。煤炭过度竞争使我国煤炭资源浪费、资源价格扭曲、部分国有企业亏损严重和煤炭行业效益持续低下,解决我国煤炭过度竞争必须通过提高产业进入门槛,降低产业退出门槛,提高煤炭产业的集中度,实施大型煤炭企业集团战略并对此给予必要的政策扶持。     

The role of codified sources of knowledge in innovation: Empirical evidence from Dutch manufacturing

This paper explores ongoing debates about the role that codified forms of knowledge play in fostering innovative behaviour. It aims to provide an empirical exploration of the use of codified sources of information for innovation at the firm and sectoral level. Despite considerable interest in David and Forays (1995) work on the codification of knowledge and the changing nature of innovation due to the use of information and communication technologies, there are relatively few empirical studies that probe the role of codified sources of information in the innovation process. Our goal is to assess how important codified sources of information are for innovation among different firms and sectors. We find that use of codified sources of knowledge is highly concentrated in high technology sectors and among firms with existing absorptive capacity. The analysis shows that the use of other sources of information for innovation is a strong predictor of a firms use of codified sources. The data used for the analysis is based on The Netherlands Community Innovation Survey (II) for the manufacturing sector and covers over 2001 firms in 11 industries.JEL Classification: L60, O32, O33     

从运作战略角度分析制造网络和供应链的集成

从运作战略的角度分析制造网络和供应链。这两个领域传统上认为是相互独立的,但随着市场的全球化,有必要将这两个互补的学科集成。基于运作战略中两种结构化的决策类型也就是设施和纵向集成来研究制造网络和供应链,提出了网络系统的分析模型,它含有4种基本的网络结构。     

The elasticity of demand for wagering in an unregulated market

The literature estimating the take-out rate (price) elasticity of horse race wagering has consistently found values far above one. The persistence of these apparently inefficiently high prices can be attributed to institutional factors of the US market where federal taxes are imposed on the total amount wagered, and not on the bookmakers’ revenue. By investigating all horse races in New Zealand from August 1993 to April 2009, our article is the first one to consider price setting for wagering in an unregulated market where taxes for a monopolistic betting agency are based on revenues. In such a setting, one would expect elasticities close to one, but in all econometric specifications, we find values well below one. We identify two reasons why higher prices could nevertheless reduce profits: cross price elasticities are negative and, due to the specific features of parimutuel betting, international competitors may only be attracted when take-out rates are above a critical threshold.     

中小PC制造企业的蓝海战略研究

随着资本的不断涌入、竞争的不断加剧,PC制造行业开始走向衰退.国内PC行业同样面临这样的命运,主要表现在:PC市场的增长速度变得越来越缓慢;PC制造企业的利润越来越稀薄,盈利困难;国内外企业不断涌入国内PC市场,中小PC制造企业在这种激烈的红海竞争环境中难以生存.当前中小PC制造企业发展应采用一种蓝海战略,该战略在生产、市场、服务等多个方面对企业进行了调整和变革,包括:退出1～4级城市市场,进入低级市场;压缩产品线的宽度、深度和长度;减少研发投入,推广低配置电脑;摆脱大众化的windows操作系统,采用价格低廉的Linux操作系统等,从而为中小PC制造企业开拓出自己的一片蓝海.     

先进制造业发展的动力模型与评价指标体系

先进制造业是广泛应用先进制造技术、采用先进制造模式、拥有先进市场网络组织的工业生产系统。市场需求、科技进步和生产要素配置、市场网络组织三个内部动因与政府作用、发展环境两个外部动因的变动,是先进制造业发展的主要推动因素,并由此形成了耦合动力机制。对先进制造业综合评价的关键是科学合理的选择指标和构造指标体系,以便有效的实现评价目标。基于先进制造业的系统结构体系,并结合指标体系设立的功能要求及其原则,本文构建了由四个一级指标、20个二级子指标构成的先进制造业评价指标体系。     

The impact of foreign takeovers: comparative evidence from foreign and domestic acquisitions in Germany

This study provides the first evidence of foreign takeover effects on the performance of acquired firms in Germany that considers a general takeover effect through the comparison with domestic takeovers. A propensity score matching approach combined with a difference-in-differences (DiD) estimator were performed with new high-quality panel data for manufacturing enterprises, provided by German official statistics. The results indicate a negative impact of foreign takeovers on employment and no productivity improvements for the period 2007–2009. This evidence contradicts existing empirical evidence for Germany which suggests significant productivity improvements and no changes in terms of employment. These findings are of particular interest to Germany as one of the most important FDI inflow destinations worldwide. They contribute to the foreign ownership performance premium literature as well as improving the understanding of foreign acquisition consequences, a subject of utmost topicality.     

不同来源跨国资本在中国FDI的比较研究

文章对美国、欧盟、日本、新加坡、中国香港、中国台湾等中国大陆最主要的投资来源国和地区的跨国公司在华投资的决定因素进行鉴别和分析,对比了在中国投资的不同来源跨国公司的投资规模、销售分布和本土化战略、投资区位分布、产业分布和投资绩效。文章认为,无论不同来源国家和地区的跨国公司进入中国市场是出于何种目的都将不断扩大其在中国的市场份额,增加和巩固与中国的经济联系,以及在投资区位选择上,除东部之外将继续扩大在中部和西部的投资。     

Testing for weak-form efficiency of crude palm oil spot and future markets: new evidence from a GARCH unit root test with multiple structural breaks

There is a sizeable literature that tests for weak-form efficiency in commodity and energy spot and future prices. While many studies now allow for multiple structural breaks to address the criticism that conventional unit root tests have low power to reject the unit root null in the presence of structural change, the extant literature overlooks the fact that conventional unit root tests are biased in the presence of conditional heteroscedasticity. We apply a recently developed generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) unit root test with multiple structural breaks to crude palm oil spot and future prices and find much more evidence against weak-form efficiency than that found using tests that fail to allow for conditional heteroscedasticity. Our results point to the importance of allowing for heteroscedasticity when testing for efficiency in commodity and energy spot and future prices.     

外资银行监管法律制度的完善

随着金融的国际化以及我国加入WTO后金融市场的逐步开放,外资银行大量抢滩国内市场,这对我国金融乃至整个经济运行将产生深远影响,并使加强对外资银行的监管显得尤为必要。为此,作者在分析对外资银行监管的必要性的基础上,针对我国外资银行监管法律制度的不足,借鉴国际经验,从监管目标入手,阐述了我国外资银行监管法律制度的完善。     

外商直接投资、外包对中国制造业劳动需求弹性的影响

中国制造业行业的FDI与外包具有提高中国制造业劳动需求弹性的作用,这一影响是通过替代效应与产出效应两条渠道实现的。FDI流入与外包可能通过提高劳动需求弹性对中国制造业部门劳动者产生较大压力。