Market Imperfections,Macroeconomic Conditions,and Capital Structure Dynamics: A Cross-Country Study

This article investigates how “systematic” adjustment costs proxied by market imperfections, and macroeconomic conditions affect capital structure dynamics in a cross-country setting. We document substantial variations in firms’ capital structure adjustments across countries and, particularly, over time. Consistent with adjustment costs impeding firms from rebalancing their capital structures, worse market imperfections are associated with slower speeds of adjustment (SOA) and larger leverage deviations. Intertemporally, capital structure adjustment is procyclical, with SOA increasing by 0.9 percentage point for a one-percentage-point increase in GDP growth rate. The procyclicality is attributable to good macroeconomic conditions mitigating market imperfections through channels of 1) facilitating free-ride restructuring and 2) uncertainty alleviation. Our investigation features a bootstrapping-based estimation method that addresses the mechanical mean reversion of leverage ratio.     

我国风险投资组织结构模式的选择与探讨

在分析我国风险投资的现实发展及特点的基础上,分别研究和探讨我国风险投资机构的组织模式选择、我国风险投资业的组织结构设计以及我国风险投资资金来源等问题.     

Optimal Entrepreneurial Financial Contracting

This paper studies the optimal financing (capital structure) of entrepreneurial activity in the context of risk-aversion by incorporating the deadweight costs of bankruptcy and taxes. Unlike the extreme debt ratio (corner solution) predicted by scholars using linear models, this paper provides unique interior results for risk-free as well as risky debt, irrespective of corporate taxes. The paper also shows the necessary and sufficient conditions for both forms of debt, and the pareto-optimality of one over the other. The important findings of this paper are: (i) the existence of an equilibrium, where the borrowing interest rate is greater than the lending rate, despite the violation of Fisher separation theorem (1930); (ii) wealth plays a critical role in determining the debt ratio and the equilibrium risk-free rate of interest, complementing the De Meza and Webb (1987 and 1999) studies; (iii) an explanation for the preferred stock and income bond puzzles, extending Fooladi et al. (1991) and McConnell and Schlarbaum (1991).     

关于我国风险投资机构组织结构的探讨

本文采用对比分析的方法,从风险资本以及机构的稳定性、能否建立有效的激励约束机制、成本是否低廉和机构运作的效率四个方面对风险投资机构的主要组织形式进行了对比分析。结果发现,有限合伙制应该成为我国风险投资机构的主流组织形式。     

西部资源跨区域开发与政府间税收管辖权协调问题研究

西部资源的跨区域开发过程中,开放性、半开放性公共资源的开发特点,使非法人生产机构与法人管理机构的跨行政区域分离具有客观性。而经济全球化的进程、跨区域投资开发方式的新变化又进一步加大了这种机构分离的趋势,导致资源地税收管辖权的严重弱化。建立起规范、有效的政府间税收协调机制,维护资源地的税收管辖权,是西部地区走出"资源开发———财政贫困"怪圈的重要路径。     

Capital Structure and Firm Efficiency

Abstract:  This paper investigates the relationship between firm efficiency and leverage. We consider both the effect of leverage on firm performance as well as the reverse causality relationship. In particular, we address the following questions: Does higher leverage lead to better firm performance? Does efficiency exert a significant effect on leverage over and above that of traditional financial measures of capital structure? Is the effect of efficiency on leverage similar across different capital structures? What is the signalling role of efficiency to creditors or investors? Using a sample of 12,240 New Zealand firms we find evidence supporting the theoretical predictions of the Jensen and Meckling (1976) agency cost model. Efficiency measured as the distance from the industry's 'best practice' production frontier is positively related to leverage over the entire range of observed data. The frontier is constructed using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Using quantile regression analysis we show that the reverse causality effect of efficiency on leverage is positive at low to mid-leverage levels and negative at high leverage ratios. Firm size also has a non-monotonic effect on leverage: negative at low debt ratios and positive at mid to high debt ratios. The effect of tangibles and profitability on leverage is positive while intangibles and other assets are negatively related to leverage.     

内资企业组织形式的纳税筹划

在现行税制下,内资企业由于组织形式的不同,会适用不同的所得税,即个人所得税或企业所得税。由于这两种所得在税率上和费用扣除方面存在差异,纳税人可以利用这些差异进行纳税筹划。     

Are firms accessing venture funding more financially constrained? New evidence from capital structure adjustments

We analyze whether firms that receive venture capital (VC) at a later date face more financial constraints than a one-by-one matched sample of firms that did not receive VC funding (control group). The aim is to check whether their financial flexibility explains why they decide to seek external equity funding. In contrast with other papers, which focus on the sensitivity of investments to cash flow, we study this issue by applying a dynamic model to analyze the speed of adjustment to their target debt levels prior to receiving the first VC investment. We analyze a representative sample of 237 Spanish unlisted firms that received VC between 1995 and 2007 and its corresponding control group. We find that firms that receive VC funding show a significantly lower speed of adjustment than their matched peers before the initial VC round. It seems that the former are more concerned about funding the required investments than about adjusting the firm's debt ratio to a target level. Our results confirm the role of VC in filling the equity gap in constrained unlisted firms. From a capital structure perspective, VC may become a tool for these companies to balance their capital structure in a growth process.     

上市公司资本结构调整速度的区域差异及其影响因素分析——基于2000～2009年沪深A股上市公司样本的研究

在经济发展不平衡,区域间存在显著差异的大国经济中,公司资本结构调整是否存在区域差异?宏观经济环境的影响如何?本文选用2000～2009年中国沪深A股的783家上市公司为样本,通过分区域面板数据回归以及广义线性模型(GLM)的logit最大似然估计(logit QMLE)两种实证方法的估计结果均表明:中国各区域上市公司资本结构不仅受公司自身变量的影响,还受GDP实际增速的影响,资本结构的调整速度在地区之间存在显著差异,东部地区公司资本结构调整速度最快。     

数字化转型、资本结构与投资效率——基于制造业上市公司数据分析

依据2015—2022年沪深A股制造业上市公司数据,运用文本分析方法,构建企业数字化转型指标,考量数字化转型、资本结构与投资效率之间的关系。结果显示：企业数字化转型通过优化资本结构抑制企业非效率投资行为,对国有企业和过度投资企业的作用更明显,且企业非债务税盾在过度投资和投资不足两种状态下作用效果相反。鉴于此,加快数字化转型进程,做好目标资本结构测算模型设计,实施差异化优惠政策,提升行业投资效率,提高制造业全球竞争力。     

创业投资业:从技术创新到制度创新

技术创新是我国经济结构调整的重要推动力,而创业投资是推动技术创新的重要手段,良好的创业投资制度安排则是促进科学技术转化为生产力的有力保障.本文从分析我国当前经济问题的角度入手,论证了创业投资在推动技术创新中的作用,以及制度创新与创业投资业发展之间相辅相成的关系,并在此基础上,提出了创业投资运作机制的设想.