H. G. J. as a Chronicler of the Keynesian Revolution: His Search of a Non Revolutionary Account

Repeatedly throughout his career, and especially when giving special invited lectures to national gatherings of economists, Harry Johnson reexamined the impact of Keynes's General Theory and its parallels with the revival of the quantity theory of money. This paper explores Johnson's changing view of the recent history of macroeconomics and particularly of the Keynesian Revolution, a term that he found problematic.     

Economics,economists, and public policy☆

This article examines the role of economics and economists in shaping public policy by, first, examining the employment of economists in government, academe, and the private sector. In the United States, only a minority of Ph.D. economists (about 12 percent) are employed in government, and several important departments of the federal government employ few economists. The article goes on to illustrate the pitfalls that economists face in assisting and advising with public policy by examining the adoption of statistical profiling in Unemployment Insurance. The article concludes that, if the economics profession and economic research are to be effective in shaping public policy, then academic economists must become more directly involved with policy makers in government and decision makers in business.     

Are Mainstream and Heterodox Economists Different? An Empirical Analysis

We explore the differences between mainstream and heterodox economists based on the responses to a questionnaire from a representative sample of Italian economists. Using different definitions for mainstream and heterodox economics, we compare the individual and academic characteristics of the economists belonging to these groups. We measure the within and between disagreement for each group and we test whether belonging to one or the other group predicts differences in economists' opinions on economic policy. Results show that: 1) mainstream and heterodox economists differ as to individual and academic characteristics and political views; 2) the disagreement within heterodox economics is lower than within mainstream economics; 3) some of commonly used ways of grouping heterodox and mainstream schools of thought have little explicative power in relation to individual opinions; 4) on critical economic policies, the opinions of heterodox and mainstream economists are significantly different even after controlling for a number of individual characteristics, including political opinions.     

The Impact of Nobel Prize Winners in Economics: Mainline vs. Mainstream

We assess the impact of two groups of economists: mainline economists, who regard economics primarily as the science of exchange and mainstream economists, who perceive economics primarily as the science of choice. To control for scholarly quality we investigate the citation impact of Nobel Prize winning economists, who we break up into the two groups, mainline and mainstream. We find that over the period from 1970 to 2007 mainline economists had more of an impact than mainstream economists.     

Beyond Kelly Green Golf Shoes: Evaluating the Demand for Scholarship of Free‐Market and Mainstream Economists

We evaluate statistics from the Social Science Research Network (SSRN) to see how much free‐market economists are being read and ranked compared with mainstream economists. We find that under various rankings using SSRN data, the top free‐market economists rank among the most‐read authors in the economics profession.     

The Forsaken‐Liberty Syndrome: Looking at Published Judgments to Say Whether Economists Reach a Conclusion

Do economists reach a conclusion on a given policy issue? One way to answer the question is to survey economists at large. Another is to look at the published judgments of economists who have gone on the record. Relative to an anonymous survey, going on the record makes for much greater accountability, and presumably more personal responsibility. I discuss 11 studies of economists’ published judgments. Several of them show greater support for liberalization than found among economists at large. This is offered as evidence of what I call the forsaken‐liberty syndrome. I discuss the nature of this test of such syndrome and point to some of the larger questions to which it relates.     

Different but Equal? On the Contribution of Dissident Economists

The availability of publication and citation databases facilitate construction of rankings of economics journals, economists, and departments. Mainstream economists typically find the research questions and methods of heterodox economists dubious, and this reaction creates a bias against heterodox research in peer review, which extends to traditional bibliometric rankings. University administrators interested in improving the quality of the economics department, as conventionally measured, will see heterodox economists as a liability. But establishing the bias of conventional metrics of scholarship quality and the consequences of these biases does not establish the comparable worth of the contributions of dissident economists. This special issue seeks innovated ways to document the relative quality of the contributions of dissident economists.     

What Price Drug Use? The Contribution of Economics to an Evidence‐Based Drugs Policy

Abstract.  This paper presents a review of the recent economics literature in the area of illicit drug use. Particular attention is paid to the economics of addiction and the rational addiction model, the welfare economics framework for analysing the social costs of drug use, and the attempts that have been made by economists to evaluate recent or proposed policy interventions. A dominant theme in this review is the problem of poor data availability. This is particularly true when it comes to implementing the Rational Addiction model, but it is also apparent in the literature on estimating the costs of illicit drug use to society as a whole. One of the main conclusions of this review is that until recently public policy has not been particularly influenced by research carried out by economists. It is not clear whether this is because economists have had to grapple with inadequate data, and hence their conclusions are couched in uncertainty, or whether it is because drugs researchers have assumed a very limited role for economists in their analysis.     

Forward to Basics in Economics

For nearly half a century since Keynes's supposed rebuttal of classical economics, economists and politicians have been pre-occupied with 'demand side' efforts to maintain full employment and output by spending more than they can raise in taxes. The evident failure of 'demand side' economics has at last reached the Keynesian economists. Some are beginning to reject 'demand side' economics as inadequate and to argue for the return of 'supply and demand'.     

浅析独立董事由经济学家担任的缺陷和完善

独立董事队伍的出现,有助于弥补由于现代公司股权出现所带来的所有者制约弱化的法律真空。而中国上市公司独立董事中经济学家比例较高,经济学家作为独立董事存在着很多问题,这无疑成了独立董事难以发挥更大作用的“瓶颈”。本文浅析经济学家担任独立董事的缺陷并提出对独立董事的完善措施。     

The verdict on the minimum wage: guilty on all counts

Some recent research in the US has challenged the long-held view among economists that raising the minimum wage reduces employment. However, most economists continue to hold to the orthodox view, which continues to be confirmed in academic journals. Furthermore, research continues to find other negative effects from the minimum wage that are sufficient to oppose it even if there is no loss of employment.     

what role for economics?

What is the role of economics and economists at business school? Professor John Burton, director of Centre for Business Economics at the European Business School, reviews the issues and concludes that economists need to become more businesslike.     

ARE ECONOMISTS ‘MARKET FUNDAMENTALISTS’?

We summarise Bryan Caplan's defence of economists from The Myth of the Rational Voter, in which he argues that economists undersell the benefits of markets. We also elaborate on his conclusions and discuss applications to specific topics, such as the minimum wage, as well as how Caplan's results might affect the way economics courses are taught.     

Economists' Perceptions of Their Own Research

A bstract This paper presents the results of a recently conducted survey of 1500 professional economists living in the United States and Canada. The study was undertaken in an attempt to ascertain professional economists'views of the worth and usefulness of their own scientific research . The response rate of the survey was 49 percent (734 respondents) yielding statistical results which suggest that economists do believe their research has some social value . Economists in this survey believe, however, that the spillover benefits from that research are not substantial and are probably limited to certain groups.     

Is entrepreneurship a virtue?

Entrepreneurship is rarely (if ever) discussed by virtue ethicists. And economists analysing entrepreneurship have rarely described it as a virtue. Entrepreneurship is indeed a virtue and the entrepreneur can be seen as the creative counterpart of Aristotle's ‘Magnificent Man’, the virtuous possessor of wealth. But entrepreneurship is also a virtue for anyone who is economically active. By reviewing analyses of entrepreneurship by economists such as Cantillon, Schumpeter, Knight, Baumol, Kirzner and Casson, particular features of entrepreneurial practice are identified from which characteristic virtues (and vices) are isolated and analysed. The characteristic features of the vicious Entrepreneur (or crooked businessman) are also described.     

Careers for Economists /

What careers are available for students with qualifications in economics? In this issue Nigel Tree looks at openings for professional economists. In the next issue he looks at other careers open to those with a background in economics.     

E=mc2: Material and energy innovation as a basis for economic growth – Thoughts for scientists and engineers

Theories that consider technology as the basis for economic growth focus on products – fundamental innovations. These theories have created much interest due to their ability to explain many economic events. However, technology-based long wave theories have been the subject of much criticism by traditional economists. Many of these concerns are addressed by changing a focus on products to engineering materials and forms of energy that are critical for the success of the fundamental innovations. Changing the focus from product to materials and energy not only addresses concerns of economists, but provides insights to scientists and engineers on the development of materials and energy and the management of research throughout the lifecycle of engineered materials and forms of energy.     

科研人员主动职业转换的心理机制:基于扎根理论的研究发现

科研人员是实现科教兴国战略和国家创新驱动发展战略的重要力量。科研人员的职业选择和去向不仅关乎个体的职业生涯发展,更成为实践界、学术界、和政策制定者等众多利益相关方关注的焦点。国内对于职业转换的研究关注较少,尤其对于科研人员职业群体的职业转换的动态过程研究更为缺乏。本研究通过对16名科研人员进行了深入访谈研究,基于扎根理论方法进行编码分析,构建了科研人员主动职业转换决策的心理机制模型,即"个体与科研匹配(初次匹配)-科研动机与效能感变化-职业转换意愿产生-个体与新职业匹配(再次匹配)-职业转换完成"五阶段模型;此外,该模型还揭示了个体与职业的动态匹配机制,即如果个体与新职业不匹配,会再次诱发个体与新职业的匹配机制,直至职业转换完成。本研究构建的科研人员职业转换的理论模型扩展了职业转换的相关理论,对于启发未来实证研究、指导科研人员的人力资源管理实践具有一定价值。     

Does supporting employees' career adaptability lead to commitment,turnover, or both?

Today, employees are encouraged to become more career‐resilient and engage in career development activities to deal with changes in required knowledge, skills, and abilities, and to facilitate their mobility. This study found that participation in decision making (PDM) and autonomy, along with supervisory career support (information, advice, and encouragement), fostered this career adaptability. These practices were also positively associated with commitment and negatively with intentions to leave. However, career adaptability was positively associated with both commitment and intentions to leave, suggesting some unintended consequences for management approaches supporting career adaptability. Implications for research and practice are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

论如何开展大学生职业生涯设计

大学生职业生涯设计势在必行,具有重要的意义。本文阐述了实施大学生职业生涯设计的内涵与意义,从适应、探索、拼搏、冲刺四个不同阶段给出了职业生涯设计阶段性管理的任务和目标,并提出了具体的措施,指出了大学生职业生涯设计顺利开展的保障措施。