Spatial Interdependence in US Outward FDI into Africa,Latin America and the Caribbean

The existing literature on spatial interdependence in FDI flows has primarily focused on developed economies as hosts, with these hosts economically tied together via good infrastructure and historically strong/significant trade flows. In contrast, we explicitly test for the presence of spatial interdependence in developing hosts (Africa, Latin American and the Caribbean) where such ties are not as strong. For US outbound FDI between 1995 and 2007, our empirical results confirm third‐country effects do matter even when controlling for spatial and time‐period fixed effects. Based on the signs of the market potential and spatial lag coefficients, we find US FDI strategies into these regions as consistent with complex vertical specialisation.     

Perceptions of the media in three different cultures: the US,Australia & Taiwan

This paper examines business students' perceptions of the media in the United States, Australia, and Taiwan across four attributes—informative, entertaining, boring and irritating. Management implications of the findings are also discussed. Newspapers, radio, billboards, television, direct mail and magazines were selected for analysis. The findings revealed that 16 different paired comparisons out of a possible 72 tests show statistical significance. Media perception patterns describing respondents' ratings of different media classes for given attributes were examined. The perception patterns in Australia and the United States were similar with respect to the informative, entertaining and boring attributes, and significant differences in perception patterns were found between Taiwan and the other two countries.     

Trade and Standards: A Look at Central America

The relationship between standards, economic development, and trade is at the forefront of policy debate. Standards can accelerate economic efficiency and trade and also act as discriminatory barriers. This paper examines standards in the context of development in Central America. Key aspects of disputes over standards at the World Trade Organization are discussed, along with the reasons why standards matter to development and trade prospects for Central America. The paper recommends ways to leverage shared infrastructure in standards and assist these countries to implement their WTO obligations.     

会计变更准则的国际趋同-- 以美国和澳大利亚为例

会计准则的全球趋同已是不可阻挡的历史潮流,本文以各国常见的经济事项会计变更为例,对美国和澳大利亚有关会计准则的国际趋同情况作了介绍,并对我国相关准则的修订提出了建议.     

中国FTA中农产品市场准入的例外安排:基于产品层面的分析

本文基于产品层面详细梳理了中国10个FTA中敏感农产品的关税、原产地规则以及其他非关税措施的总体特征、产品特征和国别特征,同时总结了中国对不同贸易伙伴和不同产品的保护策略。研究结果表明:中国FTA中农产品对外开放相对保守,贸易保护措施相对简单;除政治目的性较强的FTA外,针对不同的贸易伙伴,中国主要考虑双方比较优势、贸易流量以及对方国家出口潜力等内容而采取关税、原产地规则和其他非关税措施的"交叉保护"、"双重保护"等4种策略;针对不同产品,中国主要基于产品的政治敏感性、比较优势以及相关产业的政治力量等内容而采取"交叉保护"、"双重保护"和"一般保护"等7种策略。     

How Do Migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean Fare in the US Labour Market?

This paper discusses the causes of mass migration from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to the United States in recent decades and how these migrants have fared in US labour markets. The evidence shows that LAC migrants have higher unemployment rates and substantially lower wages than other immigrants and natives. Furthermore, the relative wages of LAC migrants have been declining sharply over the last 25 years. The most significant factor explaining the latter is the lower (and declining) educational attainment of LAC migrants relative to other immigrants and natives, compounded by the rising rates of return to education in the US.     

“购买美国法”的沉浮与美国对外贸易政策的嬗变

购买美国法制定于上世纪那场经济大萧条后的1933年。从本质上讲,这是一部限制贸易的法律。该法的启用与美国的经济形势不无关系。每当美国经济处于上升或繁荣时期,购买美国法就会被人淡忘甚至搁置。然而当美国经济处于下滑或不景气的时候,人们则会通过启用该法来限制进口,保护国内产业发展。可以这么说,购买美国法的沉浮是美国对外贸易政策乃至整个美国经济嬗变的一个重要标志。虽然奥巴马政府此番重启购买美国法,其国内形势与该法制定时的情形有一定的相似之处,但是,国际社会经历了半个多世纪的发展,已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。因此,美国今天重新启用购买美国法,这是历史的倒退,对于国际贸易的发展和消除当下的国际金融危机都是弊大于利的做法。     

US trade wars in the twenty‐first century with emerging countries: Make America and its partners lose again

In a context of rising protectionist rhetoric, this paper looks at the potential impact of trade wars initiated by a change in US trade policies. We use a static multicountry, multisector general equilibrium model to evaluate six modalities of three potential trade wars—for a total of 18 scenarios—between the USA and China, between the USA and Mexico, and a combination of the two previous conflicts. In each case, we evaluate various forms of trade retaliation by the US partner(s): the same level of import duty as the one imposed by the USA , an import duty that minimises welfare loss, a duty that minimises terms‐of‐trade deterioration, a duty that generates the same amount of collected revenue, and finally a Nash equilibrium. We conclude that there is no scenario in which the US government augments its domestic welfare or GDP . There may be sectoral gains in value added in the USA , but they are small and to the detriment of other sectors. While losses for China are relatively small, potential losses for the Mexican economy are significant. There are also free riders of these trade wars. Finally, the way in which trade retaliations are designed matters greatly.     

全球自贸区发展新态势下中国自贸区的推进战略

中国已经逐步构筑起立足周边、放眼亚洲、面向全球的自贸区网络,但在市场准入、规则谈判等方面与发达经济体存在较大差距,且网络所覆盖的经济体在经济实力和影响方面与欧美所构建的自贸网络也存在差距。中国应加快中日韩自贸区和RCEP建设,积极同"一带一路"沿线国家建立自贸区,将金砖国家作为自贸区建设的中长期重点,争取适时加入TPP和建立中欧自贸区,并逐步建立公平开放透明的市场规则。     

从WTO协议中“最惠国条款”及其例外看自由贸易区的兴起

最惠国待遇条款是WTO赖以存在的基石,GATT第24条作为最惠国待遇的最大一项例外为自由贸易区(FTA)的建立提供了正当性的基础。由于该条款谈判历史上的原因,GATT第24条的条款并不非常明确。自由贸易区的兴起和发展使其正成为平行于WTO体制之外的国际经贸法制。中国应根据本国经贸状况构建符合本国利益的自由贸易区体系和规则。     

Global and Local Concentration Patterns in Banking: An Analysis of the EU,the US and Mexico

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, there has been a clear trend towards the consolidation of banking. The first part of this paper reviews and contrasts different theoretical approaches that aim to explain that phenomenon. In the second and third sections, we present an analysis of the consolidation of banking in Europe and the United States to illustrate the nature of the driving forces of such a process. The fourth section presents a detailed discussion of the Mexican banking industry consolidation experience and discusses preliminary data on the performance evolution of incumbent institutions in the new environment created by the 1995 financial crisis.

RESUMEN. A lo largo de las últimas décadas se ha observado una tendencia bien definida hacia la consolidación de la banca. La primera parte de este estudio revisa y traza un contraste entre los enfoques teóricos que pretenden explicar este fenómeno. En la segunda y tercera, presentamos un análisis de la consolidación de la banca en Europa y los Estados Unidos, para ilustrar la naturaleza de las fuerzas que impulsan dicho proceso. La cuarta sección presenta una discusión detallada sobre la experiencia de la banca mexicana en la consolidación del sector, y examinamos los datos preliminares sobre la evolución del desempeño de las instituciones existentes en el nuevo entorno creado por la crisis financiera de 1995.

RESUMO. Nas últimas décadas, observa-se uma clara tendência para a consolidação dos bancos. A primeira parte deste estudo revê e compara as diversas abordagens teóricas que tentam explicar este fenômeno. Na segunda e na terceira partes, apresentamos uma análise da consolidação dos bancos na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, para ilustrar a natureza das forças que impulsionam tal processo. A quarta parte mostra uma discussão detalhada sobre a experiência de consolidação da indústria bancária mexicana e discute os dados preliminares sobre a evolução do desempenho das instituições beneficiadas no novo cenário criado pela crise financeira de 1995.     

中心支撑钢框架力学性能分析

本文通过三维建模分析,研究中心支撑对钢框架力学性能的影响。通过对比模型计算结果的指标,分析中心支撑对钢框架结构的整体稳定性和抗侧刚度的影响程度。     

中美纺织品贸易摩擦原因分析与思考

中美纺织品贸易摩擦发生的原因在于：(1)加入、WTO后,中国部分纺织品对美国出口增加使美国的一些厂商利益受到影响：(2)中美贸易不平衡的扩大增加了美国对中国出口增长的不满情绪：(3)美国国内政治因素诱发了中美纺织品贸易摩擦的发生。此次贸易摩擦的发生不仅会使中国生产者遭受损失,也会给美国带来损害。     

论反垄断视野下美国银行业相关市场的界定——兼评美国的经验、反思及启示

准确界定相关市场对反垄断法在银行业的有效实施具有非常重要的意义。由于垄断力的判断必须在特定的市场范围内进行考察才有意义,如果相关市场界定不准确,就会对判断经营者的市场份额高低造成影响,直接关系到反垄断法能否适用的问题。相关市场必须根据行业的特点来界定,同时还应根据变化的情况及时进行修正,特别是在银行业经历较大变革时期。美国在长期的反垄断实践中积累了很多经验,也有很多教训,值得我们深思和借鉴。     

美国次按贷危机剖析

随着美国住房价格逐渐回落,利率不断上升,次贷的借款人越来越难以按期偿付贷款,导致次贷及相关的证券投资产品损失严重,一些贷款机构、投资银行、对冲基金纷纷出现巨额亏损,甚至倒闭,由房价引发次按贷危机的爆发。次按贷危机暴露出评级机构对结构性金融产品信用评估体制上的缺陷和中间人的道德风险严重。次按贷危机对全球各种金融产品价格产生很大的冲击．并从各个方面都对全球经济产生了深远的影响。     

自贸协定中文化产业外资准入清单模式的比较研究及启示

自贸协定中文化产业领域的外资准入清单设置具有多样化和复杂性的特点。文章利用比较法的研究方法,针对当前文化产业较发达的国家缔结的自贸协定中相关清单的模式加以研究,并对我国相关清单的设置提出建议。此类清单主要有正面清单和负面清单两种模式,采用负面清单的国家又存在多种变通方法以维护本国文化利益。我国应当借鉴先进国际经验,在形式上设置减码和加码清单,分别将禁止类和限制类的产业门类纳入其中,采用通行的产业分类标准,提升清单透明度,灵活地设置负面清单的条款和内容。