基于协同理论的电子政务及其绩效评价研究

我国的电子政务建设正进入一个高速发展的时期,其协同发展与相应的绩效评价问题也引起政府部门和学者的重视。但是现有电子政务系统及其评价存在种种问题,实施电子政务项目的目标应做到各主体间相互协同,且整个建设过程也是各主体对电子政务信息资源共建共享的过程。因此,从电子政务建设项目协同分析出发能够对整个项目进行全面评价。本论文以基于协同理论的电子政务及其绩效评价研究为题,着重分析了电子政务协同的理论基础,电子政务协同的各模式以及基于整合型电子政务的绩效评价,并总结出了相关的政策意义。     

中国自贸区战略下的政府采购市场开放:现状、借鉴与策略

随着谈判和签署自贸协定步伐的加快,中国的自由贸易区网络建设逐渐拉开序幕。与此同时,中国政府采购范围与规模不断扩大,采购模式与方式体系逐步完善。为推动政府采购市场开放,中国一方面努力加入WTO的《政府采购协定》(GPA),另一方面积极在商谈的自贸协定(FTA)中加入政府采购议题。但是,在这两个方面的开放进程中,均面临一些难题和制约因素。本文通过梳理和比较GPA主要参加方在次中央实体、国有企业等焦点领域的出价,以及其他国家已签署FTA中政府采购章节的条款内容,为自贸区战略下中国政府采购市场的对等开放提供经验借鉴。中国应在科学评估、循序渐进、包容差异等原则下,综合考虑多种因素开展FTA政府采购议题的谈判,并设计兼具稳定性和灵活性的政府采购条款范本。     

现代公司治理结构模式的比较与分析

公司治理结构在不同的经济条件下会形成不同的模式，同时在不同国家由于文化及制度等因素的影响也会有不同的形式，本文就目前世界上存在的几种主要治理结构模式进行了分析和对比，如英美模式、日德模式等，并在此基础上针对我国的实际情况提出了一些建议。     

Trajectories for Modernizing Local Governance: Revisiting the Flanders Case

Local government plays a central but altering role in local governance. Together with the shift from a night-watchman state to a welfare state , the models of governance provision changed. Government itself became larger and more scattered throughout the local community. Moreover, government was no longer the only governance provider. Many actors were involved in governance with a diversity of steering relations. In our time, governance continues to change. What are the emerging models of local governance today? After sorting out some terminological and methodological issues, we describe four emerging ideal-type models (i.e. the holding model , the autonomous networks model , the implementation model and the reintegration model ), based on four societal scenarios (i.e. triumphant markets , hundred flowers , creative societies and turbulent neighbourhoods ). The models represent four possible local governance futures. Next, the models are applied on two management issues: organizational structure and financial management. Finally, some embryonic evidence is given on the emergence of the models.     

电子政务评价方法在中国的修正思路和模型

众多的电子政务评价方法仍不能帮助我们清楚中国各地区电子政务发展水平。本文分析了这些 方法应用于中国电子政务评价的局限,提出思路和模型对电子政务评价方法进行修正。     

Colombian higher education institutions evaluation

Over the last twenty years, access to higher education has grown extraordinarily in Latin America. Higher education systems have been challenged to improve their efficiency while strengthening quality assurance processes. In Colombia, the government and the researchers developed models to assess the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Nevertheless, the current scholarship does not have a model that allows the system to measure multiple efficiencies in a diverse environment. In this study, we address the challenge of evaluating the efficiency of HEIs taking into account different goals of the Colombian education system. To this aim, we extend a cross-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to evaluate the efficiency of Colombian HEIs in the presence of flexible measures. While some HEIs are efficient in terms of teaching or employment, others are efficient in terms of research. Therefore, the model suggests broader policies to achieve the efficiency of the institutions under multiple goals.     

Market analysis and transportation procurement for food aid in Ethiopia

Empirical research characterizing transportation markets in developing countries is scarce. By analyzing contracts between the World Food Programme and private carriers, we identify the determinants of transportation tariffs in Ethiopia and quantify their relative importance. The econometric models devised from our unique dataset provide insights for shippers to improve procurement processes, for carriers to develop competitive business models and for government authorities to define effective investments and policies. Results indicate that the number of carriers on a given lane significantly reduces transportation tariffs and that policies stimulating competition may be as important as road infrastructure investments in Ethiopia's development strategy.     

Models for monthly penetrations with incomplete panel data*

The purchase behaviour of consumers is observed in a panel during a month. The quantity of interest is the penetration of a product. The problem is that this quantity has to be estimated on the basis of incomplete data. For some or all respondents some weeks are missing. To this end the purchasing process is modeled with a variety of stochastic processes. The performance of some existing models is compared for penetrations of the complete population, but also for Bayesian estimates in subpopulations.     

Evaluation of the Impacts of Innovation in the Health Care Sector: A comparative analysis

Assessing impacts related to the adoption of an innovation represents a particular challenge. However, the use of innovation in government organizations does have some effects: some intended, others unintended; some desirable, others undesirable. Findings in literature now suggest that the use of innovation in government organizations produces beneficial results for the most part. The purpose of this article is to provide a multi-dimensional framework for assessing the impacts of innovation on an organization’s performance as perceived by individual stakeholders and at organizational level. In particular, this framework is designed to evaluate the impacts resulting from the introduction of electronic medical records, namely an organizational, cultural, and technological innovation that many health care providers are currently undertaking. It provides the results of a comparative analysis carried out in Spain and Italy and discusses the need for a more systematic evaluation assessment of the innovation processes.     

政府投资项目“代建制”模式研究

政府投资项目在传统的"自建制"项目管理模式下存在着很多弊端,为进一步提高政府投资建设项目的建设管理水平和政府投资效益,应积极推进政府投资项目代建制工作。本文首先对发达国家和地区的政府投资项目管理模式进行了对比,分析了现阶段代建制存在的问题,并提出进一步完善代建制的建议。     

Assessing the effectiveness of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award model with municipal government

This study examines the applicability of the MBNQA 2002 criteria to the government sector and contributes to the growing body of literature that addresses the need for performance metrics for government organizations. As the MBNQA is being proposed and pilot tested in government organizations, this work provides support for the transference and application of the model to government services in a municipal government.This study demonstrates the first structural model test using Partial Least Square (PLS) of an instrument that was based on a one-to-one item to criteria correspondence. We collected data from a city government and used PLS to analyze the survey data and tested the MBNQA model fit. The findings of this study show that the proposed Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) criteria-based instrument provides a viable set of measures for a municipal government to review and measure their business (organization) processes. These measures can enhance decision making about resource allocations because such measures allow evaluation of processes and a better understanding of the integration among these processes.     

契约规制下政府审计“屡审屡犯”问题研究

从契约规制视角构建了屡审屡犯模型,通过中央政府与各职能部门之间不同的缔约理论模型分析屡审屡犯产生的根源、政府审计起作用的路径以及政府采购稳定契约的作用机制后发现,中央政府仅依靠预算机制无法有效规范职能部门的行为,在某些极端情况下职能部门甚至会出现追求高违规收益的现象;在责任追究机制不健全的情况下,政府审计更重要的作用表现在审计结果公告上,通过声誉机制起到规范职能部门行为的作用;政府采购起到了专用性投资的作用,稳定了中央政府与职能部门的契约关系。     

电子政务对传统政务的革命性改造

20世纪80年代以来,以微电子、计算机和网络技术为代表的信息技术迅猛发展,成为经济发展的第一推动力,而经济基础决定上层建筑,所以科技的发展也推动了我国传统政务的改革。文章从宏观角度分析了电子政务对传统政务改造的内容,包括行政改造、管理方式改造和政府业务流程再造。然后,分析了电子政务对传统政务再造的意义,指出了随着电子政务的建立和完善,能够更好地促进行政的公开化、民主化、效率化,从而推动和谐社会的发展。     

基于客户细分的电子政务实现模式研究

由于在电子政务实施过程中所出现的种种问题,以及政府与公众对服务的需求的日益增加,对于电子政务的用户进行研究已经越来越重要。客户关系管理理论为这方面的研究提供了理论基础,但目前这种研究还处于探索阶段,缺乏进一步的深入的研究。基于客户关系管理中的客户细分理论,对电子政务的用户群体,从宏微观、电子政务系统以及政府等角度作了分类,并在此基础上,提出了基于客户关系管理的电子政务实现模式,以及这种模式在电子政务中的应用。     

Capacity sharing with different oligopolistic competition and government regulation in a supply chain

This paper constructs a capacity sharing model in a supply chain to reveal the factors affecting equilibrium outcomes. The results show that improving the technical level lowers capacity charge and increases seller profits in any case. Product differentiation has uncertain impacts on equilibrium outcomes, which depend on government regulations and oligopolistic competition models. The improvement of supplier's fixed component of marginal costs improves capacity sharing charge and reduces profits and consumer surplus. The government regulations and oligopolistic competition model directly affect equilibrium outcomes and welfare distribution. Government capacity control helps improve social welfare, but the effect of government subsidies is uncertain.     

When an NGO Takes on Public Participation: Preparing a Plan for a Neighborhood in East Jerusalem

It is often non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) that promote empowered participation processes, and assume active roles in leading them. However, the ability of NGOs to take on such processes is under‐theorized. In many cases empowered participation involving NGOs takes place without political support from above (or with limited or conditional support). Our goal in this article is to use a case study of participatory planning in East Jerusalem to theorize processes of empowerment in an oppositional political environment. We argue that it is useful to analyze such processes of empowered participation through the concept of power. We describe the process of empowerment as a speculative process in which the NGO has to hedge two mediums of power: it has to build the power of the community to discuss its own goals; and it has to simultaneously manage the transfer of decision‐making power from government bodies to the community.     

Accountant's Truth: Knowledge and Ethics in the Financial World

Performance auditing, or value for money (VFM) auditing, has been a long-standing component of accountability in public administration. During the 1980s and 1990s performance auditing has allegedly been increasingly adopted in the new public management. While there has been much research on public management and performance auditing in central government, local government has been relatively neglected in the literature. Municipalities and counties in local government have an important role in public sector service production in most European countries, and especially in the Nordic countries. It is therefore surprising that performance auditing in this context has received so little scholarly attention. This study is aimed at filling some of this gap. The purpose of this comparative study is, therefore, to explore how performance auditing practices, including performance measurement, are used to assess and verify value for money in local government and to enhance the accountability of municipalities and counties. This study analyses how informants from both auditors and auditees in Finland and Norway perceived the efficiency of conducting performance audits in local government. Despite some problems related to the quality of the performance audit reports, the informants perceived performance audit to function as a useful, rational public management tool.     

MODELS OF BANKING INSTABILITY: A PARTIAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract. This paper critically examines the theoretical literature on banking instability that has followed Diamond and Dybvig (1983). It explores the extent to which it (a) explains banking instability within a theoretical context in which financial intermediaries improve on unintermediated markets, and (b) justifies government involvement in the financial intermediation industry. It suggests that the literature has yet to provide a satisfactory theoretical basis for banking instability as such since the intermediaries which arise from it are peculiar mutual funds that bear little resemblance to real-world banks. In addition, the paper challenges the widespread belief that this literature provides a sound foundation for government involvement in the industry. It suggests that arguments for government intervention are open to objection on various grounds, the most important one being that they are inconsistent with the existence of properly motivated financial intermediation in these models.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.     

我国食品安全的信息不对称与政府规制探讨

食品安全问题一直以来备受关注,因为它直接关系到人们的身体健康和生命安全,对市场的稳定运行和社会的和谐发展有着重要影响。文章基于信息不对称阐述食品安全问题的存在,引出政府规制的必要性以及就政府规制提供一些意见。