中国上市企业投资的资本成本敏感性估计

企业投资对资本成本的敏感性是识别货币政策利率传导渠道是否畅通以及IS曲线斜率的重要参数。本文基于新古典投资模型框架,使用2004-2017年中国上市公司非平衡面板数据,估计了中国上市企业投资的资本成本敏感性,并侧重检验了融资约束对企业投资资本成本敏感性的影响。估计结果显示:(1)上市企业投资的加权资本成本弹性显著为负,且已具有较强敏感性(长期弹性系数为-0.16～-0.27),价格型货币政策工具的传导条件在上市公司投资环节正逐渐具备 ;(2)对加权资本成本的结构性估计显示,企业投资主要对债务资本成本的变动较为敏感且系数显著为负,而对股权资本成本的变动敏感程度较低且不稳定;(3)与传统观点相反的是,非国有控股上市企业投资的资本成本敏感性显著低于国有控股上市企业;较强的融资约束是导致非国有控股上市企业投资的资本成本敏感性较低的重要原因,应重视民营经济面临较强的融资约束对价格型货币政策工具传导机制的负面影响。本文的研究为中国货币政策框架的转型以及价格型货币政策传导机制的有效性提供了微观经验证据的支持。     

中美交叉上市与权益资本成本研究--基于美国股票交易所上市的A股公司数据北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文基于约束理论研究了中美交叉上市是否会降低A股公司的权益资本成本,通过构建包含立法水平和执法水平的投资者法律保护指数,检验赴美上市对我国A股公司权益资本成本的作用效果。结果表明,中美交叉上市部分降低了权益资本成本,以投资者法律保护指数所代表的约束理论具备一定的解释力,但是由于融资规模等因素的干扰,交叉上市对权益资本成本的降低作用受到某种程度的不利影响。尽管如此,交叉上市对改善公司治理机制具有积极的作用,AN股公司的治理结构有所优化。     

融资约束与企业成本粘性——基于我国工业企业的经验证据

针对现有研究忽略了企业融资成本这一调整成本的缺陷,本文提出融资约束也会对企业的成本粘性产生影响。本文利用中国工业企业数据库,分别采用企业所有权性质、负债比率、企业规模、地区市场化进程指数、地区金融市场化指数以及这些变量合成的综合因子作为企业融资约束程度的代理变量,研究结果支持了我们提出的研究假设,即融资约束会对企业的成本粘性产生影响,企业面临的融资约束越强,企业的成本粘性越弱。本文的研究意义不仅在于为揭示并解释企业的成本管理行为提供了一个新的视角,而且有助于全面了解融资约束对企业尤其是中小企业产生的影响。     

企业“融资约束理论”文献综述与反思

对于企业的融资约束学者们进行了许多研究.融资约束程度高会影响企业的投资,制约企业的发展.本文对国内外的文献进行了梳理,分别从宏观和微观两个方面分析了对于融资约束的影响因素.并且认为,有效的把握融资约束影响因素,缓解企业融资困难,采取相关措施努力冲破融资约束的限制,才会拥有更多投资机会,为企业创造更大的价值.     

融资约束、代理成本与企业绩效——基于中小板上市企业面板数据的实证分析

随着国际市场萎缩、国内市场变数加大,中国中小企业如何发展壮大是目前亟待解决的重要问题,也是国家政府及有关学者关注的重点问题.基于固定效应模型研究融资约束、代理成本对企业绩效的影响及其机制,结果发现:中小企业融资约束会显著阻碍企业绩效提升,而代理成本则会对企业绩效产生显著负面影响;基于股权性质和地区制度环境的差异效应,进一步探索发现,融资约束对中西部及国有中小企业绩效并无显著性影响.     

企业金融债务重组面临的法律约束与改进路径——兼论“僵尸企业”债务重组问题

出清"僵尸企业"是促进我国产业提质增效、推进供给侧结构性改革的重要举措。在清理处置僵尸企业过程中,如何运用法律手段有效开展金融债务重组,是当前国内银行业风险管理的热点和焦点问题。实践中,企业金融债务重组中出现的重组模式受限、法律风险防控难度大、债权人委员会缺乏上位法支持、相关主体职责不清等问题,其症结均在于相关法律制度存在空白。本文对上述问题进行深入分析,提出完善企业金融债务重组法律制度的具体思路,建议从四个层面入手填补制度空白,包括借鉴现行规定研究制定破产预防法律制度、出台行政法规细化各方权利义务、出台司法解释赋予债权人委员会民事主体资格、放宽金融债务重组模式的监管政策限制等,为破解企业金融债务重组的瓶颈问题、加快出清"僵尸企业"进程创造制度条件。     

自愿性环境规制缓解了企业融资约束吗？——基于代理成本和社会责任的调节作用

通过构建自愿性环境规制与企业融资约束理论模型,选取2011—2021年中国沪深A股上市企业为研究样本,探究自愿性环境规制对企业融资约束的影响,同时考察了代理成本和社会责任对自愿性环境规制与融资约束关系的权变影响。研究发现,自愿性环境规制能够显著缓解企业融资约束,进一步考虑企业成熟度和盈利能力,发现其缓解作用仅在成熟企业、高盈利企业显著。分析权变影响发现,代理成本越高的企业,越难以缓解融资约束;而社会责任会通过U形调节作用影响企业融资约束。     

浅谈企业成本管理存在的问题与对策

降低成本是企业的创新与管理的一个重要的主题,随着社会环境的巨大变化,企业在降低成本的理念上也是应该与时俱进的。在信息技术不断发展的今天更应该如此。对于企业来说,成本的管理水平直接决定了企业的生存和发展水平。本文将以企业成本管理的现状为研究对象进行分析,在现状研究的基础上进行对策性的研究。     

企业“非会计成本”问题初探

本文从现代经济学和管理学的角度,以非财务的视角重新审视传统意义上的会计成本,基于对成本会计计量本身局限性的认识,通过对企业内部资源耗费的重新解读,将机会成本、沟通障碍成本、重复性活动成本、制度漏洞成本、无效的时间耗费成本等“非会计成本”进行逐一剖析.旨在引导广大的财务工作者“跳出财务看财务”,打通财务部门与业务部门的职能壁垒,搭建成本核算与企业管理决策新的连接桥梁,有效提升企业的成本管理水平.     

浅谈企业成本管理存在的问题与对策

降低成本是企业的创新与管理的一个重要的主题,随着社会环境的巨大变化,企业在降低成本的理念上也是应该与时俱进的。在信息技术不断发展的今天更应该如此。对于企业来说,成本的管理水平直接决定了企业的生存和发展水平。本文将以企业成本管理的现状为研究对象进行分析,在现状研究的基础上进行对策性的研究。     

Estimation of global systematic risk for securities listed in multiple markets

In this era of rapid globalization of financial markets there has been a substantial increase in cross-listings of stocks in foreign and regional capital markets. As many as a third to a half of the stocks in some major exchanges are foreign listed. The multiple listings of stocks has major implications for the concept of systematic risk. This paper demonstrates that the estimator for systematic risk and the methodology itself changes when stocks are listed in multiple markets. The paper suggests general procedures, using maximum information from the multiple markets, to obtain the estimator of beta under a variety of assumptions about the error terms of the market models in the different capital markets. The assumptions pertain both to the volatilities of the abnormal returns in each market, and to the relationship between the markets.     

企业上市得花多少钱？

企业上市究竟要花多少钱？企业在创业板上市,费用会不会比中小板便宜呢？费用是不是越低越好？企业为什么既要算小账更要算大账？     

On the relation between expected returns and implied cost of capital

We examine the relation between implied cost of capital and expected returns under an assumption that expected returns are stochastic, a property supported by theory and empirical evidence. We demonstrate that implied cost of capital differs from expected return, on average, by a function encompassing volatilities of, as well as correlation between, expected returns and cash flows, growth in cash flows, and leverage. These results provide alternative explanations for findings from empirical studies employing implied cost of capital on the magnitude of the market risk premium; predictability of future returns; and the relations between cost of capital and a host of firm characteristics, such as growth, leverage, idiosyncratic risk and the firm’s information environment.     

Evaluating cross-sectional forecasting models for implied cost of capital

The computation of implied cost of capital (ICC) is constrained by the lack of analyst forecasts for half of all firms. Hou et al. (J Account Econ 53:504–526, 2012, HVZ) present a cross-sectional model to generate forecasts in order to compute ICC. However, the forecasts from the HVZ model perform worse than those from a naïve random walk model and the ICCs show anomalous correlations with risk factors. We present two parsimonious alternatives to the HVZ model: the EP model based on persistence in earnings and the RI model based on the residual income model from Feltham and Ohlson (Contemp Account Res 11:689–732, 1996). Both models outperform the HVZ model in terms of forecast bias, accuracy, earnings response coefficients, and correlations of the ICCs with future returns and risk factors. We recommend that future research use the RI model or the EP model to generate earnings forecasts.     

New estimates of the cost of capital for pharmaceutical firms

Academic researchers, as well as pharmaceutical firms themselves, often use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to estimate a firm's cost of capital. But the CAPM implicitly assumes that cash flows follow a random walk. This assumption is inconsistent with our finding that large U.S.-based pharmaceutical firms' cash flow growth rates display either momentum or mean-reversion. We show that growth rate momentum implies: (1) the systematic risk of a project increases monotonically with time to maturity of the cash flows; and (2) longer duration projects require a higher cost of capital. One of the practical implications of our results is that the traditional CAPM underestimates the cost of capital for some pharmaceutical firms by as much as 2.8%. These findings are quite relevant for the policy debate about the high rates of return earned by pharmaceutical companies, which some claim are pure rents and are not necessary to attract investors. Our theoretical and empirical analysis shows that high returns are often required to compensate for the higher systematic risk of long-duration pharmaceutical cash flows.     

The effect of leverage on the cost of capital of US buyouts

This paper addresses the problem to assess the effect of leverage on the cost of capital for buyout performance analyses. It draws on a unique and proprietary set of data on 133 US buyouts between 1984 and 2004. For each of them, we determine a public market equivalent that matches it with respect to its timing and its systematic risk. We show that under realistic mimicking conditions, the average cost of capital is below the commonly used benchmark S&P 500. Thereby, we control for two important aspects: for the risks taken by lenders in the buyout transactions (which affects the sponsors’ risks), and for the corresponding cost of debt (which lowers the return of the public market equivalent). Only with borrowing and lending at the risk-free rate is the average cost of capital close to the average index return. This finding is particularly important as existing literature on that topic tends to rely on benchmarks without a proper risk-adjustment.     

The effect of management earnings forecast characteristics on cost of equity capital

This study uses a framework presented in Hirst, Koonce, and Venkataraman (2008) to assess how differences in management earnings forecast characteristics influence a firm's cost of equity capital. I find that less specific forecasts, pessimistic forecasts, and forecasts that predict a loss for the period are associated with higher cost of equity capital levels and more timely forecasts and forecasts with more information content are associated with lower cost of equity capital levels. Analysis interacting control variables and forecast antecedents with forecast characteristics indicates that the effects forecast characteristics have on cost of equity capital are either enhanced or moderated depending on firm beta, firm size, firm book-to-market ratios, analyst following, prior forecast bias, and earnings quality. The results highlight the importance of interacting key variables when interpreting the market effect of management earnings forecasts.     

The effect of increased disclosure on cost of capital: Evidence from China

This study examined the relationship between disclosure and the cost of capital. Prior studies empirically testing this relationship provided mixed findings, and also raised several concerns, such as the endogeneity of disclosure, the information disclosure environment, and the sample size. This study investigated this relationship based on data from the Chinese capital market where a unique institutional arrangement makes the disclosure exogenous. This unique characteristic, in conjunction with a less stringent information environment and a big sample size, helped address these concerns. Our findings confirmed the negative relationship between disclosure and cost of capital.     

The application of proxy methods for estimating the cost of equity for unlisted companies: evidence from listed firms

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - The Campbell and Vuolteenaho (Am Econ Rev 94(5):1249–1275, 2004) two–beta model decomposes the systematic risk in the sensitivity of cash...