政府和企业对产业共性技术两种研发投资类型的比例研究

基于产业共性技术研发在新形势下经济转型升级中的战略意义以及共性技术研发投资的“死亡谷”效应,构建了政府和企业两个投资主体、预研投资和研发投资两种投资类型的柯布道格拉斯生产函数（CD生产函数）投资博弈模型。通过最优反应函数求解,得到不同政府预算占比情况下共性技术研发投资的纳什均衡,探索了政府和企业对两种投资的最优比例,并通过案例分析验证了模型的有效性。结果发现,政府在产业共性技术投资供给中更倾向于预研投资,企业在产业共性技术投资供给中更倾向于研发投资;政府应根据产业发展不同阶段,适时调整功能定位,针对产业共性技术研发投资,动态调整支持方式和支持力度。     

产业共性技术政府支持性研究

基于产业共性技术的公共品特性,政府理应在推动产业共性技术发展中发挥积极作用,这对于加速产业结构升级及创新型国家建设具有重要意义。为了加强政府对产业共性技术发展的支持力度,更好地推动共性技术的创新发展,我国应强化顶层设计,加强产业共性技术创新发展战略规划;完善产业共性技术平台建设,优化共性技术的扩散机制;健全技术经济政策;支持产业共性技术的研发;扩散和应用     

美国和日本光互连技术研究及其借鉴

光互连作为未来取代电互连加速计算机电路板间及芯片间数据传输能力和处理能力的一种互连方式,正受到世界各国的关注。美国和日本是全球光电子理论研究、技术研究以及成果产业化方面的领先国家。美国政府通过制定科学发展战略、建立产业协会等方式引导资本进入光电子领域,通过实施信息高速公路等一系列重大产业计划来推动光互连技术相关的光通讯技术的发展;日本政府较早地认识到光电产业在国际科技战略发展中的重要地位,通过成立光产业技术振兴协会整合企业和政府资源,将"光通信网络"的建设放在国家基础设施的首位。通过从产业政策、光互连项目开展及研发情况两方面介绍美国、日本的光互连技术开展情况,并总结其经验,以期为我国发展光互连技术研究提供参考。     

发达国家战略性新兴产业的技术政策及其启示

虽然发达国家没有"战略性新兴产业"的明确提法,但其对确立新兴产业的战略地位支持新兴产业发展方面却有着历史传统和前瞻视野,其依托新兴技术的产业也可统称为战略性新兴产业。本文对美国、英国、德国、日本等一些主要发达国家21世纪以来,特别是2008年全球金融危机后的战略性新兴产业的技术政策进行了较为系统的梳理和总结。文章认为,美英德日等国均从本国实际情况出发,并着眼于未来经济社会发展趋势和技术发展方向,对战略性新兴产业的侧重点做出了具体选择。各国均十分注重政府扶持对战略性新兴产业发展的促进作用,通过制定一系列具有很强操作性的政策措施,积极推进战略性新兴产业的关键技术开发、示范与应用,同时为促进战略性新兴产业发展营造良好的市场环境。这也对我国制定并完善促进战略性新兴产业发展的政策措施提供了重要启示。     

产业共性技术发展的政府作用研究

产业共性技术为多项其它技术提供基础,具有宽广的应用范围和众多的技术使用者,由此决定了产业共性技术的供给存在双重失灵:市场失灵和组织失灵。在此基础上,本文进一步探讨了政府在共性技术供给过程中要同时解决市场失灵和组织失灵的问题。     

共性技术，发达国家如何开发？

世界各国对共性技术的开发模式，主要有以美国、欧盟、加拿大等为代表的政府引导型模式，以日本、韩国为代表的政府主导型模式。政府的作用不一样，对于共性技术的支持所采取的具体方式也不一样。     

产业技术创新战略联盟的性质、分类与政府支持

产业技术创新战略联盟是合作研发的组织模式之一,承载着产业发展的目标,通过合作研发取得产业共性技术,并在联盟和全行业中扩散,最终实现产业竞争力的提升。产业共性技术的复杂性和准公共品性质、联盟合作创新的困境,决定了政府支持产业技术创新战略联盟的必要性。产业技术创新战略联盟有多种类型,政府应针对不同类型的联盟提供不同的支持。在明确产业技术创新战略联盟的内涵及性质的基础上,按照3个维度对其进行了分类,并借鉴国外经验给出了当前我国政府提供政策支持的建议。     

我国政府产业基金设立必要性研究

本文回顾了私人风险资本对于中小企业发展的影响及重要作用,并指出私人风险资本存在的重大缺陷,以致各国政府都尝试以政府"有形之手"介入本国风险资本市场,以解决私人风险资本在创新性中小企业融资方面缺位的问题.同时,结合我国当前面临的国内国外形式,本文分析了政府产业基金设立的现实意义.研究为我国政府产业基金设立的必要性提供了理...     

国外关键共性技术供给体系发展的做法及启示

关键共性技术对优化产业结构、促进产业转型及提升产业竞争力具有至关重要作用,它通常体现一定时期内国家产业发展的战略意志。目前,我国关键共性技术供给系统失衡,内生创新能力薄弱,阻碍了我国自主创新和产业优化升级的进程。改善我国关键共性技术供给现状,需厚植创新环境,构建以创新导向为核心的官产学研多方协同的供给体系,营造具有国家意志、财政支持的良好制度设计,为弥补关键共性技术制度缺失和促进我国自主创新战略发展奠定坚实理论依据。     

基于参与者智力决策的产业关键共性技术创新研究

基于ElinorOstrom的IAD延伸模型及对浙江273家代表性装备制造企业的问卷调查,运用二元Logistic回归模型,实证分析了企业这一最重要的创新主体参与产业关键共性技术创新的影响因素及其程度。研究发现：企业状况与其参与产业关键共性技术创新的意愿不完全相关;企业技术状况感知、外部行动状况及创新结果信息了解程度对企业的产业关键共性技术创新决策具有显著影响。因此,应采取“抓大”策略,构建和完善“政府主导、市场引导、广泛合作、互利共赢”的产业关键共性技术供给体系,加强区域共性技术创新平台建设,以促进产业关键共性技术的创新与有效供给。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...