面向供应链的环境治理——组织与结构分析

首先以“企业间组织关系(纵向关系)”与“流动物质(闭合程度)”为两个坐标维度,将涉及环境改善与资源有效利用的供应链组织形式进行分类。然后对每类供应链的结构特征进行比较。在此基础上,考察了每种类型供应链上环境治理的驱动者和治理结构。最后给出了面向供应链的环境公共政策建议。     

绿色信贷政策能够改善企业环境社会责任吗——基于外部约束和内部关注的视角北大核心CSSCI

绿色信贷是引导企业积极参与环境治理、促进经济发展方式转变和结构调整的重大政策创新。本文使用2006-2020年中国A股上市公司数据,以2012年印发的《绿色信贷指引》为准自然实验,使用连续双重差分模型检验了绿色信贷政策对企业环境社会责任的影响及其内外部机制。研究发现,绿色信贷政策显著提高了企业开展前端治理和绿色办公的可能性,加快了企业环境治理从末端治理向其他治理方式的转型。以上结果具有条件异质性,商业信用融资规模和资金使用效率对绿色信贷政策的实施成效存在不同的调节作用。机制分析表明,绿色信贷政策通过提高资金成本、收窄融资渠道的外部约束和增加企业环境关注两种方式影响企业环境社会责任水平。绿色信贷政策对具有不同特征的企业影响存在差异性,位于环境规制强度较高的地区和高管教育背景较好的企业更容易受到绿色信贷的影响。本文研究结论的政策含义在于,要进一步完善绿色信贷政策体系,关注企业行为对政策实施效果的影响,强化资金管理能力对企业环境社会责任的放大效应。同时,重视企业内部环境治理意识的培育,有机结合命令型环境规制和激励机制,促进不同类型企业绿色协调发展。     

交易费用视角下环境价值链运行模式研究

由于在激励机制、节约信息成本和环境治理成本方面具有明显的优势,环境价值链日益成为一种重要的环境治理组织模式。然而,环境价值链的构建和运行都将受到诸多因素的影响,本文基于交易费用的视角对环境价值链的组织模式、驱动主体、驱动方式进行了系统分析。研究表明:交易费用的大小对环境价值链的组织模式和具体运行方式都有着重要的影响作用,并进而影响到环境价值链的运行效率。     

基于两维的集群供应链技术创新行为演化分析

集群供应链技术创新行为实质上是一个多维度的动态演化发展过程.本文分别建立了集群供应链横向同质性企业群体和纵向异质性企业群体创新合作的演化博弈模型,分析了不同维度下的集群供应链技术创新行为的演化路径和影响因素.研究结果表明:基于横向和纵向两个不同维度的集群供应链技术创新行为的演化结果主要受创新合作收益、创新投入成本、补偿收益和创新网络收益4个要素的影响;最后根据研究结果,给出了相关政策建议.     

对中国石油行业供应链亚健康状态的诊断与治理

目前我国的石油产品供应链存在不少问题，可以说显现的是一种“亚健康状态”。采用现代供应链管理思想，从“纵向一体化”管理向“横向一体化”转变，通过整合企业内外部资源来降低市场风险与成本，提高快速响应市场变化的能力，为顾客提供最佳服务，是提升企业竞争力的重要手段。供应链管理是现代企业组织与管理的发展趋势。美国供应链管理专家Martin Christopher指出：     

供应链上跨组织系统的效用分析

21世纪的竞争将主要是以IOS系统等驱动的供应链与供应链之间的竞争。企业需要和供应链上的其他企业联合起来,才有可能赢得广泛的技术、在质量和可靠性方面的快速反应能力以及持续的成本优势。基于此,本文从交易成本、关系稳定、迅速反应、大规模定制和组织再造五个方面分析供应链上跨组织系统的效用,以证实这一系统在战略上是必须的,它将可能为企业和供应链在供应链与供应链的竞争中赢得竞争优势。     

基于修正 Shapley 值法的生态工业园供应链企业利益分配研究

工业园区内各企业是通过彼此之间的经济利益、 环境利益和社会利益而相互合作竞争,从而形成的经济网络组织, 合作关系是否稳定取决于各利益相关者间利益的合理性, 合作关系能否稳定运行直接关系到生态工业园的成败。 本文通过构建生态工业园供应链企业利益分配的Shapley 模型, 考虑供应链企业的经营成本、 承担的风险为修正因子, 确定权重并对供应链企业的增加收益分配额进行调整。 并根据实例得出, 企业在贡献、 风险方面分担的多, 则其合作产生的增加收益的利益分配所得也较多。 实例验证修正Shapley 模型在企业间利益分配方面的可行性和适用性, 以期为生态工业园的建设以及稳定性提供理论和决策参考依据。     

组织信息体制、制度化关联与高技术企业集群治理效率

高技术企业集群是一种网络式中间体组织，其组织结构更多的表现为组织之间垂直方向和水平方向的信息关联关系。不同的信息关联形成不同的信息体制。高技术企业集群治理合约分为VC捆绑武治理合约、转换者式治理合约、主导企业式治理合约等三种典型形式．其治理合约的选择受制于信息体制的交易费用大小。信息体制有其特定的制度生存环境，并且具有不同的交易费用结构特征．必须使制度环境与信息体制相匹配。制度化关联与信息体制的耦合互动可以弥补组织信息体制内生的体制缺陷．降低总交易费用。制度环境的扰动和制度的历时关联影响治理合约的治理效率．治理合约需要做出相应的调遣．     

供应链合作关系稳定性的博弈分析

供应链合作关系是供应链管理的核心问题之一。供应链成员企业之间稳定的合作关系可以为企业提供更强的核心竞争力,同时创造更大的价值,但是由于个体理性等问题的存在,容易导致"囚徒困境",限制了供应链联盟合作关系的稳定性。本文在构建并分析供应链联盟合作关系模型的基础上,分析了长期合作中的贴现、信息不对称和终止成本对供应链联盟合作关系长期稳定性的影响。最后,通过构建效用最大化模型,分析并提出了解决合作稳定性的对策。     

构建利益相关者共同治理模式--湖南黑金时代股份有限公司公司治理实践与研究

公司治理与公司经济天生相伴。公司治理本质上是用于决定和控制一个组织的战略方向和业绩表现的利益相关者之间的关系。伴随着我国经济与世界经济的高度融合．全球资源争夺的加剧和动荡多变的环境给企业带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战．企业网络化正在成为转型期我国企业重组与发展的重要组织形式。     

The consequences of voluntary traceability system for supply chain relationships. An application of transaction cost economics

This paper analyses the effects of voluntary traceability on vertical relationships within food supply chains using a transaction cost perspective. The analysis makes reference to the Italian situation where the national standard organization has introduced a private standard for traceability that provides a higher degree of information associated with the individual product than the European mandatory traceability system. A survey was conducted by questionnaire to assess changes in transaction characteristics, costs and governance after the introduction of voluntary traceability. The sample represents all Italian firms applying this standard. Factorial and cluster analyses were applied to find the different reorganizations of transactions. The results highlight an increase in asset specificity and a decrease in the uncertainty level throughout the supply chains. The introduction of voluntary traceability shows increased vertical coordination for firms that previously used oral agreements and variation in transactions conditions for firms using contracts. Instead vertically integrated firms do not reveal any variation in the governance of transactions as they are already internally safeguarded.     

An empirical examination of transaction‐ and firm‐level influences on the vertical boundaries of the firm

A large literature has successfully employed transaction cost economic theory to describe how exchange conditions affect the optimal form of organization. However, this approach has historically not accounted for the influence of firm‐specific attributes on the governance decision. This paper develops a model based on insights from transaction cost economics, the resource‐based view, and real options theory to examine how transaction‐level characteristics, firm‐specific capabilities, and product‐market scope influence the governance of production. Empirical evidence derived from analysis of 469 make‐or‐buy decisions involving 117 semiconductor firms indicates that decisions regarding the governance of production activities are strongly influenced by both transaction‐ and firm‐level effects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Regulation and transaction costs in telecommunications: A research agenda

Antitrust and regulatory policies influence the vertical and horizontal integration of firms and the characteristics of their contractual arrangements. This paper examines the relevance of transaction cost economics for the analysis of regulatory policy in telecommunications. It explores the impact of changes in national telecommunications regulation on the level of transaction costs. After building a new theoretical framework based upon previous transaction cost contributions, the paper sets out a research agenda concerning the importance of transaction costs for antitrust and regulatory policies.     

Linking product modularity and innovativeness to supply chain management in the Italian furniture industry

Much of the literature on modularity assumes that firms with modular products adopt modular organization. In the realm of supply chain management, no consensus has been reached on the effects of product modularity on supply chains (SC). This paper investigates whether SC choices depend on product modularity and innovativeness, and how SC choices can be aligned to these product features to maximize performance. A medium scale survey has been performed in the Italian furniture industry. By means of factor and cluster analyses, the SC of firms that introduced products with different levels of modularity and innovativeness have been compared. The results show that both product features must be considered when designing the SC.     

Assessing the influence of the organization in the supply chain management using NK simulation

Supply chain management advocates that the whole supply chain (SC) from the material suppliers to the end customers must be managed by adopting an integrated approach. However, different forms of governance can be adopted to pursue integration, ranging from the pure market to the hierarchy. While integration has been extensively investigated in the literature by adopting an operative perspective, the organizational perspective has been less used. However, the way the SC is organized influences the SC performance. This topic is investigated by using a recent tool offered by complexity science, namely the NK simulation model. In the proposed NK model, N represents the decisions that SC firms should make and K the interdependencies among the SC decisions calling for integration. The model reproduces how the different SC forms of governance evolve and adapt to the landscape corresponding to a SC specific integration problem. A simulation analysis is carried out to identify the SC forms of governance appropriate to the SC integration problems.     

Losing sight of the forest for the trees? Productive capabilities and gains from trade as drivers of vertical scope

Focusing on proving or disproving transaction cost economics has led to a relative neglect of some key drivers of vertical scope, such as differences in productive capabilities (as opposed to capabilities of governance). We consider how productive capability differences can shape vertical scope through gains from trade. Using highly detailed data from the mortgage banking industry, we find productive capabilities to be a key determinant of the make‐vs.‐buy decision. Our analysis also suggests firms' attempts to leverage a comparative advantage can also lead to the use of mixed governance modes (both ‘make’ and ‘buy’ in a particular part of the value chain). We conclude that the distribution of productive capabilities along the value chain, catalyzed by transaction costs, ultimately drives vertical scope. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The performance implications of “grow or buy” decisions in the wine industry

This paper investigates how wineries’ decisions to grow or buy their provisions of grape affect their viticultural performance. While previous literature in agrarian economics suggests a direct association between vertical integration and performance, this research largely neglects the impact of transaction cost variables on governance mode choice and firm performance. This paper first demonstrates that neither outsourcing nor vertical integration per se result in superior performance; rather, a winery’s viticultural performance is contingent upon the alignment of winery’s governance decisions with the predictions of transaction cost theory.     

Vertical ally-or-acquire choice and technological performance: a resource dependence perspective

In order to advance our understanding of technological firms’ vertical ally-or-acquire choices, this study applies resource dependence theory to explore how mutual dependence and dependence asymmetry between partners’ technologies affect governance choice. The collective effect of mutual dependence, dependence asymmetry and governance choice on technological performance of the transaction is also examined. Heckman's two-stage analyses of 135 technology alliances and 91 technology acquisitions suggest that mutually dependent firms tend to adopt acquisitions, whereas asymmetrically dependent firms tend to adopt alliances. The fits between dependence asymmetry and alliances, and between mutual dependence and acquisitions consequently enhance technological performance.     

神华集团煤炭产运销一体化运营模式分析

文章结合分工理论、运输经济学理论以及交易费用理论分别从分工演进、生产性质、交易性质等3个视角对神华集团的煤炭产运销一体化运营模式进行了分析。认为,神华集团煤炭产运销一体化运营属于一种链网组织,在我国经济发展的现阶段,神华集团的链网组织是分工演进的必然结果,并且该组织形式有效降低了生产成本和交易费用。但是,神华集团链网组织与市场之间的边界需要通过权衡内部生产成本与交易费用之和与市场交易费用之间的差异来进行界定。     

纵向一体化的选择及其影响因素——基于能源行业的实证分析

文章研究中国能源行业的纵向一体化状况,以能源企业的纵向并购为例运用Logit模型分析了能源企业选择纵向一体化方式时考虑的因素。研究结果表明,策略效应和交易成本对能源企业采用纵向一体化的意愿影响较大,生产成本和不确定性的影响较小。