Governance Matters and Entrepreneurial Activities

This study uses Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey data from 40 countries from 2002 to 2008 to examine the linkage between governance matters and entrepreneurial activities. Based on the conceptual model of GEM and by using fixed‐effects panel analysis, the results show that political stability and absence of violence, rule of law, and control of corruption are highly significant determinants of entrepreneurial activities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

重庆汽车摩托车产业集群量化研究

波特的钻石模型掀起了产业集群竞争力量化评价研究的热潮,帕德莫和吉博森在钻石模型基础上所创立的GEM模型是一种有效的评价产业集群竞争力的定量分析工具。根据GEM模型和实际研究的需要,构建相应的评价指标体系,结合实际调查数据,对重庆市汽车摩托车产业集群竞争力进行量化评价。     

Global entrepreneurship and institutions: an introduction

This article is an introduction to the special issue from the 4th Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Research Conference held at Imperial College Business School, London, in 2010. The article has two objectives. The first is to summarize the history of the GEM consortium, some of the contributions that it has delivered, and some challenges and opportunities ahead. The second is to present a summary of the papers in the context of the utility of GEM data in comparative entrepreneurship research.     

Statistical power in international business research: Study levels and data types

Research efforts in statistical power can improve research design and reporting. This paper examines the impact of study levels and data types on the statistical power of published international business (IB) research. To gauge the statistical power of IB research, I surveyed all empirical articles published in International Business Review and Journal of World Business from 2003 to 2008. The results support the notion that statistical power is influenced by study levels and data types, particularly panel vs. non-panel data. Although statistical power in IB research has been considerably improved, 70% of studies are still not sufficiently powered to detect small effects. The problem of lacking statistical power is more serious for country-level and multilevel studies. Studies using primary and non-panel data are less powered than those using secondary and panel data. Three strategies are offered for achieving sufficient statistical power.     

创业板上市公司财务舞弊的问题及治理

2009年10月,随着28家公司成功上市,我国酝酿了多年的创业板市场正式开启。截至2018年5月31日,成绩金额共计695.71亿元。然而,创业板上市公司财务舞弊案件的频发,极大地挫伤了广大投资者的投资热情,导致想要在创业板上市的公司融资愈加困难,公司发展缺乏资金支持,发展受阻。因此,本文试对创业板财务舞弊的行业和手段特征进行分析,并针对性地对治理创业板上市公司的财务舞弊问题提出治理建议。     

Work, leisure, and tourism in the Pacific Rim

This issue of JBR is the consequence of a call for a special issue on Work, Leisure, and Tourism in the Pacific Rim. Who the special issue editors are presumably prompted submissions related to tourism or hospitality. The articles in the issue relate to the business aspect of tourism, and they show the diversity in tourism research. The study of entertainment in Macao's future presents stakeholder views. The wine tourism paper is not on demand or tourism behavior but addresses supply side issues. The articles on employees' work-family conflict moderating life and job satisfaction and telepresence affecting the demand for tourism have business ramifications. The paper on empowerment pursues applying Western views in applying a concept in the East. The study of tourists' perceptions on safety broaches some important analysis issues. The paper on using diagrams to improve survey research has broad ramifications for survey research, particularly regarding getting and using complex data. The final article addresses effectiveness and offers ideas that apply to application of DEA in business research.     

Marketing and investor behavior: Insights,introspections, and indications

This article introduces three exemplary articles that speak to novel, current, and important issues in marketing and investor behavior. One proposes a novel measure of quality using warranties, another examines the context of common ownership, and another provides a sweeping review of the marketing-finance interface. In addition to introducing these articles in the special section, we examine the major topics and their impact in a quarter-century of research on the marketing-finance interface encompassing 373 articles. We identify ten major topics from which the topic stock performance had the highest coverage (19%). The remaining nine topics are covered roughly equally. The topic with the highest average number of citations is marketing spending followed by new products & innovations. We also identify an increasing number of articles over the last quarter-century that underlines the importance of the research on the marketing-finance interface. Finally, we put forward opportunities for the future of marketing-finance interface fusing novel data sources with decisive firm value outcomes.     

New Zealand’s perfect storm of entrepreneurship and economic development

Applying a grounded-theory approach to analyzing the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data, we attempt to explain why New Zealand exhibits only a moderate level of economic development despite its high level of entrepreneurship. By statistically analyzing why 34 other countries in the 2005 GEM dataset exhibit small deviations from the classical quadratic curvilinear relationship between entrepreneurship and economic development, we develop a better understanding of the entrepreneurial framework conditions underlying New Zealand’s large deviation from this trend line. Based on our findings from the GEM data we make policy recommendations that could aid in moving New Zealand (and other countries) closer toward the trend line and thus promote economic development.     

Entrepreneurship,Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data

Studies on the impact of technological innovation on growth have been largely mute on the role ofnew firm formation. Using cross-sectional data on the 37 countries participating in GEM 2002, this paper uses an augmented Cobb–Douglas production to explore firm formation and technological innovation as separate determinants of growth. One area of interest is the contrast between different types of entrepreneurial activities as measured using GEM Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) rates – high growth potential TEA, necessity TEA, opportunity TEA and overall TEA. Of the four types of entrepreneurship, only high growth potential entrepreneurship is found to have a significant impact on economic growth. This finding is consistent with extant findings in the literature that it is fast growing new firms, not new firms in general, that accounted for most of the new job creation by small and medium enterprises in advanced countries.     

Using mixed methods designs in the Journal of Business Research, 1990–2010

The purpose of this article is to examine the uses of mixed method research designs published in the Journal of Business Research. This study involves a content analysis of 2072 articles published between 1990 and 2010 in the Journal of Business Research. Seventeen mixed method studies implemented data collection procedures sequentially (68%), six implemented them concurrently (24%), and two combined both sequential and concurrent procedures (8%). On the whole, priority skews more toward quantitative strands with ten articles prioritizing quantitative data (40%), three articles prioritizing qualitative data (12%), and twelve articles prioritizing both equally (48%). Business scholars recognize the benefit of mixing qualitative and quantitative research; however, as a discipline, we are not demonstrating knowledge of the mixed method literature or procedures; none of the articles recognized or mentioned knowledge of mixed method procedures or cited mixed method research. This study provides guidance for researchers in identifying design types appropriate for various research objectives as well as the models of different design types appearing in the Journal of Business Research.     

Active labor market programs’ effects on entrepreneurship and unemployment

Many countries are turning to active labor market programs (ALMP) to increase individuals’ incentive to start a business and to reduce unemployment, but research on the effectiveness of such programs has produced mixed results and is still inconclusive at the macroeconomic level. This article examines the importance of ALMP targeted at entrepreneurship to explain cross-country differences in aggregate entrepreneurship rate. By using GEM data over the period 2002–2013 on OECD countries, our results show a positive impact of ALMP on the rate of necessity entrepreneurship but no significant effect on the rate of opportunity entrepreneurship. We further established that generous unemployment benefits reduce the positive outcome of ALMP on the aggregate rate of necessity entrepreneurship. Moreover, because most businesses started out of necessity do not create new jobs, we find that the economic spin-off of such programs in terms of unemployment reduction is very limited.     

Entrepreneurship,Agglomeration and Technological Change

A growing body of literature suggests that variations across countries, in entrepreneurial activity and the spatial structure of economies could potentially be the source of different efficiencies in knowledge spillovers, and ultimately in economic growth. We develop an empirical model that endogenizes both entrepreneurial activity and agglomeration effects on knowledge spillovers within a Romerian framework. The model is tested using the GEM cross-national data to measure the level of entrepreneurship in each particular economy. We find that after controlling for the stock of knowledge and research and development expenditures, both entrepreneurial activity and agglomeration have a positive and statistically significant effect on technological change in the European Union. JEL CLASSIFICATION: O3, R1, J24, M13     

媒体关注对IPO抑价影响路径探究——基于创业板的经验证据

文章重点探讨媒体关注对我国IPO抑价影响的具体路径。基于上市公司IPO及之前的媒体信息,选取创业板IPO公司作为研究样本,从行为金融学视角对抑价理论进行实证检验。经路径研究发现,高媒体关注通过配置投资者“有限注意力”导致高发行抑价,在个人投资者比例较高的创业板市场上,媒体关注对IPO抑价的影响路径是基于情绪效应而不是认知效应。     

What does “entrepreneurship” data <Emphasis Type="Italic">really</Emphasis> show?

In this paper, we compare two datasets designed to measure entrepreneurship: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset and the World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey (WBGES) dataset. We find a number of important differences when the data are compared. First, GEM data tend to report significantly higher levels of early stage entrepreneurship in developing economies than do the World Bank business entry data, while the World Bank business entry data tend to be higher than GEM data for developed countries. Second, we find that the magnitude of the difference between the datasets across countries is related to the local institutional and environmental conditions for entrepreneurs, after controlling for levels of economic development. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs in developed countries have greater ease and incentives to incorporate, both for the benefits of greater access to formal financing and labor contracts, as well as for tax and other purposes not directly related to business activities.

多层资本市场体系资源配置与风险配置的一致性分析

多层资本市场体系的建立既是我国资本市场改革与发展的需要,也是完善金融市场体系的重要内容。文章在对相关理论探讨的基础上,结合我国主板市场、中小板市场和创业板市场的相关实际数据,分别对我国多层资本市场体系的资源配置效率、风险配置效率以及两者的一致性进行了经验分析。分析结果表明:创业板的建立明显提升了我国证券市场的资源配置效率,但却对风险配置效率状况没有明显的影响,资源配置与风险配置仍然保持着相互割裂的状况。     

Bibliometric analysis of absorptive capacity

This study contributes to our understanding of absorptive capacity (AC) by reviewing AC articles systematically using two types of blibliometric co-citation analysis – bibliometric co-citation and bibliometric cartography – for the last 25 years. In total, we analyzed 336 articles (using HistCite) and 2088 articles (using VOSviewer), respectively, finding five research streams in AC: (1) intra-organizational learning; (2) inter-organizational learning; (3) knowledge transfer; (4) dynamic capability; and (5) micro-foundations. This integrative literature review of AC adds to the categorization of the literature, links the international business research to AC, and provides promising future research directions. Our study gives detailed information about the development of each research stream by measuring the number of publications in each stream over 25 years using bibliometric cartography analysis. Based on the literature, we propose 26 future research questions for these five research streams.     

Twenty-five years of consumer vulnerability research: Critical insights and future directions

Consumer vulnerability is gaining increasing attention from researchers and practitioners as a social phenomenon in modern consumption-driven societies. In an attempt to conduct a comprehensive review using credible published research materials on the topic, this study applies a big data analytics approach to analyze scholarly research with a pool of 859 articles covering the last 25 years of post-modern marketing practices that have been a precursor to market-driven vulnerability. This paper identifies the most influential articles, as well as the top contributing journals and authors, along with their affiliations. In addition, this study reveals four major themes of research in consumer vulnerability, namely marketing, fraud and consumers, consumer vulnerability and well-being, ethics and vulnerable consumers, and consumption, disability and gender. These integrative perspectives will serve as a critical starting point to encourage focused theme-based exploration in the field.     

期刊智库专栏文献计量研究 ——基于超星期刊（2005-2019年）的数据

以超星期刊数据库为数据源,收集2005-2019年期刊的智库专栏数据,利用文献计量方法和EXCEL、VOSviewer等软件,对我国期刊智库专栏数量、分布、文章数量、文章主题等专栏发展情况进行多维计量分析。研究发现,我国学术期刊智库专栏的相关数量特征及下载量、被引量等整体上呈现上升趋势;发文排名前20的机构大部分来自较发达地区;文章多为二人合作且以同机构合作为主;多以创新创业、智库及其建设、企业/公司发展、经济发展、互联网相关内容、中国特色社会主义思想等为主题;近年来基金资助文章占比迅速增长;国家级基金与省级基金均占比较大。存在的问题包括：智库栏目规模较小;影响范围有限,传播力低;发文地区分散,差异明显;主题覆盖面窄。建议发挥政府、期刊、高校与科研院所的协同作用,完善智库期刊、智库栏目与咨政建言之间的良性互动。     

求贤若渴：创业型IPO企业如何聘请到具有多重兼任的独立董事？

具有多重兼任的独立董事由于积累了丰富的经验和较高的声誉成为企业争相聘请的对象,但是鲜有研究创业型IPO企业如何才能聘请到这些优秀的独董、他们又为何接受具有较高不确定性的企业提供的职位。文章在整合信号理论和独董任职动机的基础上,利用创业板IPO企业的数据,对创业型IPO企业选聘独董的机制进行了实证研究。结果发现：首先,IPO企业的企业声誉、社会关系和提供给独董的薪酬可以作为传递企业合法性和任职利益的信号,能够激发独董任职的声誉动机、关系动机和经济动机,从而帮助企业吸引到具有多重兼任的独董。其次,IPO企业具有的多个信号或独董的多个动机之间存在相互替代的关系,声誉、关系和薪酬对独董的吸引和激励在一定程度上是相互替代的。最后,随着上市日期的临近,IPO企业想要聘请到具有多重兼任的独董会越发困难;而且随着时间和情境的变化,企业的各种信号对独董的吸引和激励作用也会发生一定的变化。