互联网金融对商业银行绩效的影响机理与异质性研究

本文首先从银行资产、负债以及支付结算等方面分析了互联网金融对传统商业银行的影响机理,然后选取中国2010—2018年79家商业银行数据,通过建立多元面板回归模型,对互联网金融发展与银行绩效之间的具体关联进行实证分析。结果表明：互联网金融对我国商业银行绩效具有明显的负面冲击作用,货币政策、金融发展程度等因素也对银行绩效有重要影响。影响机理的检验结果证实：互联网金融发展给银行的净利息和非利息收入都造成了显著的负面冲击,进而影响银行绩效。异质性检验结果表明：互联网金融对农商行、城商行等小型银行绩效的影响要大于全国性的大中型银行。位于东部地区、开展跨区域经营、创新能力强的银行能更好地应对来自互联网金融的冲击。在新的金融生态下,深度融合信息技术,积极向金融科技转型创新是传统商业银行可持续发展的重要战略途径。     

商业银行信息技术创新与营销创新协同机理分析

商业银行间的竞争日益激烈,促使营销创新成为银行制胜市场的重要战略抉择之一.与此同时,随着银行信息化的逐渐深入,信息技术逐步渗透到银行的各项创新活动中,成为商业银行实现创新的源泉.本文提出了商业银行信息技术创新与营销创新的协同关系,并就二者间的协同机理进行分析,旨在揭示二者在创新活动中的相互作用关系.另外,本文指出了二者在创新激励效应、创新理念、创新组织、创新核心路径四个方面的关键协同域,并对各关键协同域的内涵进行了阐述.     

Japanese Bank Productivity, 2007–2012: A Dynamic Network Approach

We estimate a dynamic network (DN) directional output distance function for 100 Japanese banks operating during 2007–2012. Network production occurs in that deposits and other funds raised are produced as intermediate products in stage 1 and those intermediate products are used to generate a portfolio of assets in stage 2. The dynamic technology links production periods via nonperforming loans (NPL) and carryover assets, which take the form of excess reserves. Carryover assets expand the future production possibility set while NPL shrink future production possibilities. We extend previous DN methods to measure the performance of three types of Japanese commercial banks: city banks, regional banks and second regional banks. We test for and find differences in the three bank technologies relative to a common technology. Such differences are likely due to different institutional and regulatory structures. Unlike previous DN studies, we also allow for a non‐uniform abatement factor between previously‐produced NPL and other inputs in stage 1 and between performing loans and NPL in the current period. Measured productivity change is greater when each bank faces their own group technology rather than the pooled technology consisting of all bank types.     

非均衡协同发展战略下的我国城市商业银行发展研究

城市商业银行发展应与我国初等发达时期非均衡协同发展战略相适应。建立和发展多层次发展极是我国初等发达时期非均衡协同发展的战略重点,城市商业银行发展的战略使命应为该战略重点提供金融支撑。符合条件的地方发展极都应有城市商业银行,只有处于特定层次和发展阶段发展极的城市商业银行才可能跨区经营和引进境外战略投资者。     

COST‐SAVING PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND STRATEGIC DELEGATION*

This work analyses a managerial delegation model in which firms choose between two production technologies: a low marginal cost technology and a high marginal cost technology. For the former to be adopted more investment is needed than for the later. By giving managers of firms an incentive scheme based on a linear combination of profit and sales revenue, we find that Bertrand competition provides a stronger incentive to adopt the cost‐saving technology than the strict profit maximisation case. However, the results may be reversed under Cournot competition. If the degree of product substitutability is sufficiently low (high), the incentive to adopt the cost‐saving technology is larger under strict profit maximisation (strategic delegation).     

中外商业银行竞争合作关系的实证研究

外资银行的大举进入中国市场给中资商业银行带来了学习机会,同时也带来了竞争压力。但双方各有其自身的优势,通过合作将会促进双方的发展进步,因此,加强中、外资银行的金融合作对于双方来说是一种必要的方式。根据1993～2006年的面板数据对银行盈利、经营管理和抗风险能力进行实证研究,发现外资银行进入导致了我国商业银行资产收益率、费用率下降,提高了中资商业银行高管的平均收入、并对第二大股东持股比例产生了显著影响。最后建议中国商业银行在与外资银行的合作中,能够妥善处理与战略投资者的利益平衡关系,但又要注意外资银行的持股比例问题;在竞争中能够借鉴外资银行的先进技术和经营管理理念,进行自身管理机制的完善和经营机制的转型,最终能够提升风险管理水平和核心竞争力。在和外资银行的竞争合作中,能实现自身的战略目标,促使其成为国际一流的商业银行。     

Commercial banks and real estate lending: The Texas experience

This paper examines the performance of Texas commercial banks specializing in mortgage lending during the difficult times of the late 1980s and early 1990s to investigate how representative their experience as compared with that of banks concentrating in real estate lending across the country. The results show that Texas REBs performed very poorly during the 1980s and early 1990s, but this was because the Texas REBs were clearly different from the majority of the banks classified as REBs in the rest of the country. In contract to non-Texas real estate specializing banks, those in Texas banks put substantial assets into much riskier construction and development loans, and in loans on commercial property, such as office buildings, hotels and shopping centers. In a poor real estate market, these loans performed very poorly. The analysis indicates that the Texas experience is not a basis for rejecting the view that the commercial bank industry can safely replace the declining thrift industry as a major source of residential mortgage financing.     

Cooperation in Experimental Games of Strategic Complements and Substitutes

We conduct a laboratory experiment aimed at examining whether strategic substitutability and strategic complementarity have an impact on the tendency to cooperate in finitely repeated two-player games with a Pareto-inefficient Nash equilibrium. We find that there is significantly more cooperation when actions exhibit strategic complementarities than in the case of strategic substitutes. The difference is to some extent driven by a difference in the speed with which some pairs reach stable full cooperation, but mainly by differences in choices of pairs that do not succeed in reaching full cooperation.     

ARE LAC COOPERATIVE AND COMMERCIAL BANKS SO DIFFERENT IN THEIR MANAGEMENT OF NON‐PERFORMING LOANS?

This paper assesses technical efficiency in the management of non‐performing loans (NPLs) in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) banking industry. To that end, Data Envelopment Analysis techniques are employed with data from the years 2013 to 2016 on a sample of 307 LAC cooperative and commercial banks. Our main contribution to existing literature is that differences of efficiency between cooperative banks and commercial banks are assessed as the result of the different capacities of their managers – managerial efficiency – and the so‐called programme efficiency, which represents differences in the technology used by these two categories of entities. Our principal result suggests that the technology used by cooperative banks in the management of NPLs is more efficient than the technology of commercial banks.     

境外战略投资者改变了国有商业银行的贷款行为吗——基于动态面板数据模型的经验分析

本文利用中国商业银行2002～2007年省级面板数据,从贷款行为的视角研究了引进境外战略投资者对国有商业银行的影响。运用动态面板系统广义矩估计方法,本文的计量结果显示,国有商业银行与其他商业银行的贷款行为存在着明显的差别,国有商业银行贷款增长率与盈利能力呈负相关,而其他商业银行贷款增长率与盈利能力显著正相关,这说明与国有商业银行相比,其他商业银行贷款行为更符合商业导向;引进境外战略投资者并没有带来了国有商业银行整体贷款行为的显著改善,对引资国有商业银行个体贷款行为的分析结论与之类似。本文的结论对制定中国银行业下一步改革方向具有重要的启发意义。     

Market Integration,Choice of Technology,and Welfare

This paper develops an international trade model where firms in a duopoly may diversify their technologies for strategic reasons. The firms face the same set of technologies given by a tradeoff between marginal costs and fixed costs, but depending on trade costs firms may choose different technologies. Market integration may induce a technological restructuring where firms either diversify their technologies or switch to a homogeneous technology. In general, market integration improves welfare. However, a small decrease of trade costs which induces a switch from heterogeneous technologies to a homogeneous technology may locally reduce global welfare. The model also shows that productivity differences lead to intra‐industry firm heterogeneity in size and exports similar to the “new–new” trade models with monopolistic competition.     

Enterprise life cycle,financial technology and digital transformation of banks—Evidence from China

Financial technology formed by the combination of digital technology and traditional finance is gradually changing the financial services model. The development of financial technology has influenced the behaviour of commercial banks. It has promoted the innovation of commercial banks. And it has promoted the digital transformation of commercial banks. In this paper, it is intended to explore the relationship between financial technology and digital transformation of banks through positive analysis. As well as to explore how the age of enterprises listed and enterprise life cycle affect the relationship between financial technology and digital transformation of banks. This paper conducts an empirical research on the data of China's A-share listed banks from 2011 to 2021 using a two-way fixed effects regression method. The results of the research indicate that financial technology promotes banks' digital transformation. Meanwhile, the age of enterprise listing and enterprise life cycle play a positive moderating role in financial technology promoting banks' digital transformation. In this paper, it is the first time to conduct an empirical research with the number of monthly active users of mobile banking as a proxy variable for digital transformation of banks, which enriches the study of financial technology. It has certain reference value for promoting digital transformation of banks.     

中国银行业改革的侧重点:产权结构还是市场结构

本文对运用SCP(结构—行为—绩效 )框架及其从行业结构的角度揭示中国银行业主要问题的思路及提炼出的政策含义提出了批评 ,认为在现代技术不断改变着银行运作机制、主要发达国家的银行业的行业结构进一步向集中化发展、各个银行在努力追求规模经济和范围经济效应的背景下 ,中国银行业保持一定程度的集中率是符合国际银行业发展趋势的。中国银行业的主要问题是国有银行产权结构单一 ,而不是行业集中的问题。从行业结构的角度为突破口的改革将可能导致中国经济的振荡。正是中国银行业的资产与市场份额集中于带病的国有商业银行 ,改革的侧重点就不能从行业结构的调整为起点 ,而是相反 ,要充分利用进入WTO后的有限的过渡期 ,在国有银行的市场份额发生显著萎缩之前 ,坚决地进行国有商业银行的产权改革 ,努力避免潜在金融风险的总爆发。     

Performance of Thailand banks after the 1997 East Asian financial crisis

The performance of commercial banks and government-owned specialized banks in Thailand is estimated after the 1997 East Asian financial crisis. Commercial banks exhibit increasing returns to scale, whereas government-owned specialized banks exhibit decreasing returns to scale, implying further increases in bank size and market concentration in the commercial bank sector but not for government specialized banks. Cost inefficiency varies by bank and is a function of the ratio of nonperforming loans (NPLs) to total loans, equity to total assets and liquid assets to total assets, as well as the number of branches. On average, banks with fewer NPLs, that are well capitalized and with adequate liquidity are efficient. Thus, stricter rules to regulate credit risk management and ensure capital and liquidity adequacy would enhance efficiency in the banking sector. Although estimated input substitutability appears to be low, labour and loanable fund are substitutes. However, labour and physical capital as well as physical and loanable funds are complements in commercial banks. All the three inputs of labour, physical capital and loanable funds are substitutes for the government specialized banks.     

中国建设银行核心竞争力SWOT分析及策略建议

核心竞争力是企业战略管理研究的核心问题,也是商业银行在经营管理中追求的最重要目标之一。随着中国金融业的对外开放加快,外资银行的进入无疑会对中国整体核心竞争力较低的银行业带来前所未有的挑战。研究以中国建设银行为代表的国有商业银行的核心竞争力问题具有一定的现实意义和理论价值。首先提出商业银行核心竞争力概念,并确定商业银行核心竞争力提升的五种方面。从而构建商业银行核心竞争力的评价原则和指标体系。以中国建设银行为例,从定性方面分析,运用SWOT分析方法。最后在以上分析的基础上,分别给出以强化公司治理,开发利用人力资源、准确的战略定位、提高技术创新能力、创新和运用品牌和加强企业文化建设等方面来提升中国建设银行核心竞争力的一些具有建设性的建议。     

Monetary policy transmission under different banking structures: The role of capital and heterogeneity

This work deals with the transmission of monetary policy through the bank loan market, in the presence of a capital requirement regulation. Unlike standard models, based on the “representative bank” shortcut, we adopt the heterogeneous agents approach: this allows us to explicitly model the strategic interaction between well-capitalized and under-capitalized banks. The main results are the following. (I) The propagation of a monetary policy impulse through the loan market differs considerably, depending on the market structure: under monopolistic competition, strategic complementarity among well-capitalized banks leads to a “multiplier effect”; in the Cournot oligopoly framework, an effect of the opposite sign is at work, due to strategic substitutability. (II) Well-capitalized banks are more important, in shaping the adjustment following a monetary policy shock, than what is implied by their relative number over total; this fact strengthens the monetary policy effectiveness. This result holds under both monopolistic competition and oligopoly, although the interaction among banks, leading to such a result, differs across the two banking structures.     

光大银行零售业务发展现状研究

中国的商业银行批发业务已经相当成熟和完善,但零售业务的发展却相对滞后,这非常不利于商业银行的整体发展。因此中国商业银行应当积极发展零售业务以提高盈利能力,增强竞争力。光大银行作为中国较早开展零售银行业务的商业银行之一,近年来其零售业务取得了较大的进步,产品种类日趋丰富,但整体上和国有商业银行相比还有较大的差距。通过分析光大银行零售业务的发展情况,总结零售银行业务发展过程中存在的问题。     

境外战略投资者减持中国国有控股商业银行股权的原因、影响与对策

2008年年底以来,境外战略投资者大幅减持中国国有控股商业银行股权,对中国股市造成了很大的冲击,严重影响了中国金融安全。本文认为,为了防止类似冲击再次发生,必须对中国国有控股商业银行相关机制尤其是境外战略投资者的引入机制进行改革,进而从根本上减少境外战略投资者转变为战略投机者的可能性,降低由于境外战略投资者退出而对中国股市和中国金融安全造成的冲击。     

Impact of trade area environment on bank's comparative advantages

This article analyses the relationship between the comparative advantages of bank branches and the trade area environment. Bank branches are points of sale whose trade environment influences their activities and performance. Comparative advantages are defined, for each output mix, by the strict dominance of a production technology in a specific trade area over the production technologies of other environments. Using Shephard's output distance functions on a sample of 728 bank branches, we compare the production technologies for different output mixes and different trade environments. We show that none of the production technologies strictly dominates the others and none of them is strictly dominated. Therefore, each trade area benefits from comparative advantages that we try to highlight. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the central banks regarding their ability to provide the right incentives on output mixes to their bank branches so that the latter may benefit from their comparative advantages.     

中国商业银行市场营销的现状及发展对策

随着中国金融全球化进程加快和金融开放扩大,商业银行面临日益激烈的市场竞争,积极开展市场营销是中国商业银行抢占市场,实现效益最大化目标和增强市场竞争力的重要战略。本文从分析中国商业银行目前现状问题入手,探讨中国商业银行如何遵循金融企业营销的特殊规律,实施正确的市场营销策略。