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1.
The paper applies a semi-parametric propensity score matchingapproach to evaluate the effects of agri-environment (AE) programmeson input use and farm output of individual farms in Germany.The analysis reveals a positive and significant treatment effectof AE programmes on the area under cultivation, in particulargrassland, resulting in a decrease of cattle livestock densities.Furthermore, participation significantly reduced the purchaseof farm chemicals (fertiliser, pesticide). We also find differencesin the treatment effect among individual farms (heterogeneoustreatment effects). Farms that can generate the largest benefitfrom the programme are most likely to participate.  相似文献   

2.
We identify the impact of emergency food aid programs after the 2002 drought in rural Ethiopia on future welfare. Based on a difference-in-differences matching estimator, participation in food-for-work increases growth in total consumption and food consumption eighteen months after the drought. Separately, receiving free food raises growth in food consumption, but, surprisingly, negatively impacts food security. Food-for-work benefited households in the middle and upper tail of the consumption distribution, while the better-targeted free food program benefited the poorest. Evidence suggests these impacts demonstrate accumulated and persistent effects of food aid received in the first twelve months after the drought.  相似文献   

3.
目的 目标价格补贴政策是改革农产品价格形成机制的重要举措,对于优化我国农业供给结构具有重要的意义。方法 为了评估临时收储制改为目标价格补贴政策对新疆棉花生产的影响,文章基于2011—2018年新疆和其他棉花主产区县级棉花生产相关数据,运用双重差分倾向得分法(PSM-DID)分析了目标价格补贴政策对新疆棉花的种植面积和产量的总体影响、动态效应和区域效应。结果 目标价格补贴政策对调控国内棉花供给起着重要作用;该政策总体上促进了新疆棉花产业发展,棉花面积和产量显著提高;从政策的动态效应来看,目标价格政策调整为三年一定的方案对棉花生产的促进作用显著大于试点期一年一定的效应;此外,目标价格补贴政策对南疆和北疆的影响效应存在差异,对南疆棉花生产的促进效果更显著。结论 在此基础上,结合我国缺乏棉花定价权,目标价格补贴政策可能导致国家财政负担过重,且容易触及WTO黄箱补贴的限制等问题,该文提出了进一步完善目标价格补贴政策,逐步向脱钩的补贴方式过渡,并积极探索财政补贴与市场补偿相结合的补贴机制等相关建议。  相似文献   

4.
Considerable controversy exists regarding the costs and benefits of growth in the meat packing and processing industry for rural counties. This study investigates the effects of this industry on social and economic outcomes in nonmetropolitan counties of 23 Midwestern and Southern states from 1990 to 2000. Results suggest that as the meat packing industry's share of a county's total employment and wage bill rises, total employment growth increases. However, employment growth in other sectors slows, as does local wage growth. Industry growth has little impact on local crime rates or on growth of government spending on education, health, or police protection.  相似文献   

5.
目的 促进共同富裕的重点和难点仍然在农村,文章旨在探讨农村劳动力流动对农户共同富裕的影响机制与效应。方法 基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,首先从经济水平、精神富裕和生活质量等5个维度对农户共同富裕水平进行了测度,然后检验了农村劳动力流动对农户共同富裕的影响效应,并进一步讨论了劳动力流动范围和就业稳定性对农户共同富裕的影响。结果 (1)农村劳动力的流动显著促进了农户共同富裕,在通过采用有序响应模型Ologit和倾向值匹配(PSM)方法检验后,研究结论依然稳健。(2)从农村劳动力流动的范围来看,县域内的流动对农户共同富裕的促进效应最大,而跨省流动的促进效应最小。(3)从农村劳动力就业的稳定性来看,稳定就业对农户共同富裕的促进效应大于非稳定就业。结论 要加快推进县域城镇化发展,完善农民工市民化的政策,提升农村劳动力就业的稳定性,确保其在教育、医疗和社保等方面的同等待遇,真正实现农村转移人口的城市社会融合,从而促进共同富裕。  相似文献   

6.
土地流转对农户农业机械使用的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究目的:探究农业机械化发展的制约因素,为实现农业现代化和乡村振兴提供理论和实证依据。研究方法:本文基于2016年湖北省农户实地调查数据,采用反事实分析框架,运用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)分析土地流转对农业机械使用的影响。研究结果:土地流转对农业机械化水平有显著影响,土地转入会显著提升农业机械化水平的9.94%,水田转入和旱地转入会分别提升农业机械化水平的10.21%和3.71%;土地转出会显著降低农业机械化水平的9.4%,水田转出和旱地转出会分别降低农业机械化水平的9.7%和8.83%。土地规模效益导致土地流入对农业机械化水平的上升效应大于土地转出对农业机械化水平的下降效应,而不同类型耕地作业难度差异会导致水田流转和旱地流转对农业机械化水平的作用效果有所区别。研究结论:提高农业机械使用程度,需要鼓励农户参与土地流转,加快适度规模经营的步伐,继续加大对农机补贴的力度,培育新型职业农民。  相似文献   

7.
目的 农业保险具有防灾减灾的功能,是重要的农村金融工具,体现了惠农富农的政策导向。随着农业保险进入高质量发展阶段,从微观农户层面研究农业保险的收入效应具有重要的现实价值。方法 文章基于2019年湖北、湖南和河南3省808份微观调查数据,运用多元线性回归模型和分位数回归模型,系统分析了农业保险对农户农业收入水平的影响。结果 农业保险会显著增加农户的农业收入水平,在使用工具变量方法处理互为因果问题,PSM方法纠正选择性偏误,以及截尾和缩尾处理后,结论依旧稳健。农业保险对不同收入农户的作用效果存在显著的异质性,随着分位数水平的提高,农业保险的增收效果逐渐减弱。结论 为充分发挥农业保险的保收增收功能,从强政策宣传,提高保险密度与深度;加大财政支持力度,完善保险体系建设;以及实施倾斜性保费补贴和赔偿机制三方面提出相关政策建议。  相似文献   

8.
[目的]在数字农业和绿色农业的双重背景下,探讨互联网嵌入对农户化学农药减量使用的影响,有助于实现农业数字化和绿色化发展。[方法]文章基于四川省712份微观农户调研数据,采用倾向得分匹配法实证检验了互联网嵌入是否会减少农户化学农药使用,并分析了其影响效应在不同农户群体中的异质性。[结果]互联网嵌入对农户减少化学农药使用具有显著的正向影响,其平均处理效应为0.114;互联网嵌入能有效促进小农户、专业种植大户和家庭农场减少化学农药使用,平均处理效应分别介于0.104~0.113、0.078~0.103和0.116~0.128;互联网嵌入对家庭农场减少化学农药使用的促进作用略大于小农户和专业种植大户,而相比于专业种植大户,互联网嵌入对小农户化学农药减量使用的促进作用更强。[结论]应推进农村新基建发展,提升农村互联网普及率,采取差异化的措施,鼓励家庭农场发展,引导家庭农场将互联网技术应用于农业生产,并加强互联网技术宣传与培训,提升小农户和专业种植大户嵌入互联网的能力,以促进农户减少化学农药使用。  相似文献   

9.
An international multi-disciplinary team of scientists, led by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), tackled the problem of bovine trypanosomosis and the development of drug resistance in West Africa, inter alia, by the promotion of rational drug use (RDU) principles. These principles had been brought to farmers by practical training and by the provision of information leaflets. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of RDU training at smallholder level with respect to advances in farmers' knowledge and farm productivity before research outputs could be scaled up. Therefore, 508 cattle farmers attended a disease-specific knowledge test and provided information about farm production. Results show that farmers who participated in the training are more likely to identify signs and causes of the disease and to correctly administer drugs. Allocating scores to each question in the knowledge tests and scrutinizing the differences between trained and untrained farmers by matching procedures shows that participating farmers reach higher scores in all knowledge categories. Moreover, the acquisition of additional knowledge and the application of improved control strategies significantly increase farm performance. Additionally, an allocative effect was identified since trypanocide expenditures were saved by less expensive inputs.  相似文献   

10.
研究目的:揭示\"倒挂型\"土地利用总体规划与耕地保护效果之间的关系,以期为国土空间规划的编制提供参考。研究方法:倾向值匹配法。研究结果:(1)耕地\"倒挂型\"规划对耕地面积净变化的影响具有统计显著性,2006—2008年,耕保指标\"倒挂型\"规划使耕地面积净变化量平均减少2.270万hm2;(2)2010—2016年,耕保指标\"倒挂型\"规划使耕地面积净变化量平均减少0.496万hm2;(3)建设用地\"倒挂型\"规划对耕地面积净变化量并无显著影响。研究结论:在省级政府耕地保护责任目标考核的制度环境下,耕地\"倒挂型\"规划对地方政府形成一定压力,促使各级政府采取措施加以应对,从而使得\"倒挂型\"规划在一定程度上降低了耕地净减少量。  相似文献   

11.
Are commercial real estate prices in metropolitan New York affected by the type or nationality of the investors involved in a transaction? Previous research has highlighted differences in pricing between in-state and out-of-state investors and between different types of investors, but there are few extant studies that consider the influence of nationality on pricing at a micro-level. Foreign investors might pay more than domestic investors for commercial real estate assets because of a lack of information or experience in the market concerned. However, they might use local partners or brokers to mitigate such problems. To explore these issues, we use data provided by Real Capital Analytics on over 3000 office transactions in the New York metro area from 2001 to 2015. We use hedonic regression techniques and propensity score matching to examine whether pricing differs across investor groups after controlling for asset attributes. We find that foreign investors pay more than domestic investors at acquisition, but receive more when selling assets. Tests suggest that it is unmeasured aspects of quality that explain any apparent overpayment for offices in this location, not information issues.  相似文献   

12.
[目的]阐明合作社加入对农户有机肥替代化肥意愿行为转化的影响路径,突破农户绿色生产“高意愿低行为”困境,加快推进农业绿色发展。[方法]文章基于山东省464份实地调研数据,利用二元Probit模型和PSM倾向得分匹配,检验了合作社加入对有机肥替代化肥意愿向行为转化的诱导作用及影响机制。[结果](1)仍旧存在40.9%的农户没有将有机肥替代化肥意愿转化为行动,意愿向行为转化还有很大推进空间;(2)仅有21.3%的农户参加过有机肥替代化肥相关技术培训;(3)合作社加入显著正向影响农户有机肥替代化肥意愿向行为转化,在通过增加控制变量进行稳健性检验后仍旧成立;(4)是否加入合作社与有机肥替代化肥意愿向行为转化之间呈现出显著性差异,ATT效应值为0.139,控制了干扰因素后合作社加入对有机肥替代化肥意愿向行为转化仍起到正向诱导作用;(5)合作社加入可以通过技术培训和认知水平两条路径影响农户有机肥替代化肥意愿向行为的转化。[结论]政府应当继续推广合作社,发挥它的辐射带头作用;通过举办有机肥相关知识讲座,提高农户对有机肥的认知水平;加强有机肥替代化肥技术的培训,促进农户将有机肥替代意愿向行为转化。  相似文献   

13.
【目的】通过定量方法准确评估农业综合开发对区域优势产业发展的影响有重要意义。【方法】从农业综合开发对蔬菜产业的项目干预效应入手,以县级为单位,将当年农业综合开发项目扶持内容包括蔬菜产业的县级单位划分为干预组,其他为控制组。采用可以有效解决样品选择偏差的倾向得分匹配方法,通过引入协变量、平衡检验、匹配等步骤,在控制组中找到与干预组成员单位特征相似的成员,构建反事实研究框架。【结果】结果得出,项目干预组比控制组区域的蔬菜播种面积占比高出1~3个百分点,说明农业综合开发项目对蔬菜产业的扶持对蔬菜播种面积的扩大有促进作用,利于蔬菜产业壮大。通过协变量影响力分析得出,地区的蔬菜生产优势是最重要的影响因素,从侧面证明了农业综合开发项目的扶持方向紧跟区域优势的政策宗旨。【结论】可见,通过有方向性的农业综合开发项目实施扶持特定产业对促进区域优势产业发展和实现农业结构优化是有效的。  相似文献   

14.
[目的]为了厘清贫困地区外出务工与农户食物消费的关系,文章以西部贫困地区为例,研究外出务工对农户食物消费的影响。[方法]该文使用陕西省镇安县、洛南县,云南省武定县、会泽县和贵州省盘县、正安县2015年1 368户农户实地调研数据,将在家成员作为研究对象,采用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)调整样本的选择性偏差,降低内生性导致的估计偏误,分析外出务工的影响效果。[结果]采用最近邻匹配法、半径匹配法和核匹配法进行匹配后,发现外出务工使农户的人均食物消费总支出的对数最多显著提高0. 081%,最少显著提高0. 060%。[结论]外出务工主要通过收入变化、外来的信息或经验和人口变化3方面影响农户的食物消费,且西部贫困地区外出务工显著提高农户的食物消费水平。相关部门应关注贫困地区农户食物消费与营养状况,改善其食物消费结构,提高食物安全与营养水平。  相似文献   

15.
    
Cowpea covers the largest area of any grain legume in Africa and is especially important in West Africa where Nigeria and Niger alone account for over 75% of the total cowpea production in the world. Despite successes of international and national cowpea improvement research in the development and release of several improved varieties, there is limited empirical evidence of adoption and ex-post impacts of improved cowpea. Using a nationally representative survey data from a sample of 1,525 cowpea-growing households in northern Nigeria cultivating over 2,500 cowpea plots, we assess the adoption and impacts of improved cowpea varieties on cowpea yields, net returns and production costs. We apply a control function approach and propensity score matching models to estimate the causal effects of adoption of improved cowpea varieties . Our results show that 38% of the cowpea plots were planted with improved varieties, and cowpea yields, net returns and production costs increase significantly with the adoption of improved cowpea varieties. Adoption of improved cowpea varieties is associated on average with 26% yield gains, 61% increase in net returns and 14% increase in production costs. We also show that farmers who have a lower propensity to adopt improved cowpea varieties also face higher costs of production.  相似文献   

16.
    
Lentils, a low‐value and highly nutritious crop, are Nepal's largest pulse cash crop. However, the majority of the nation's smallholders produce lentils on very small plots of land. The large gap in lentil yields between Nepal and other lentil‐producing countries underscores the importance of improving yields and income of smallholders. When it comes to the financial viability of small farms, particularly in developing countries, and globalisation, contract farming (CF) may prove useful in achieving efficiency and profitability in smallholder lentil farms in Nepal. This study employs the propensity score matching approach to examine the effects of the adoption of CF on yields, profitability and costs of smallholder lentil farms in Nepal. Findings from this study reveal that contrary to popular belief, CF adoption by lentil producers in Nepal has a positive and significant effect on per‐hectare revenues, profits and yield and a negative impact on variable and transportation costs. The study finds that only very smallholder lentil farms (0.01‐0.05 ha) benefit from CF.  相似文献   

17.
    
The ‘high speed’ rotavator is used for shallow tillage to create a fine tilth and incorporate crop residues, often with a single tractor pass. Rotavator tillage has spread quickly in many parts of South Asia, despite short-term experimental trials suggesting deteriorating soil quality and crop yield penalties. Evidence of rotavator impacts on farmer fields across soil gradients and time is largely absent. From a farm household survey conducted among wheat farmers in Nepal, we estimate wheat yield and profitability outcomes for rotavator adopters and non-adopters using propensity score matching. We find that rotavator adoption leads to inferior outcomes, despite significant cost savings for land preparation (US$ 11–15 per hectare). With rotavator adoption, farmers lose about 284–309 kg of wheat grain and about US$ 93–101 of profits on average per hectare per season, and these penalties increase with longer-term use of the technology. Adoption of rotavator appears to be driven by the cost and time savings for land preparation. Against this backdrop, new policy and extension efforts are required that discourage rotavator use and favour more sustainable tillage technologies.  相似文献   

18.
This article employs a propensity score‐matching approach to examine the direct effects of adoption of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton on yields, pesticide demand, household income and poverty, using cross‐sectional data from a survey of farmers in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Generally, the findings reveal that adoption of the new technology exerts a positive and significant impact on cotton yields, household income and poverty reduction, and a negative effect on the use of pesticides. The positive and significant impact of the technology on yields and household income is consistent with the potential role of new agricultural technology in directly reducing rural poverty through increased farm household income.  相似文献   

19.
研究目的:探讨农地流转中的政府作用对农户收入的影响。研究方法:基于贵州省608户农户调研数据,利用倾向得分匹配法考察政府作用对转出户的收入效应,并进一步对比不同干预形式影响效果的差异。研究结果:(1)政府在农地流转中的作用可以分为直接干预和间接干预,受到两种干预的转出户分别占比82.21%和13.70%,当前以直接干预为主;(2)直接干预影响交易实施,促成农户与企业、合作社之间的流转,间接干预影响交易环境,促成农户与种植大户之间的自主流转;(3)政府干预农地流转中,转出户的租金收入未能完全补偿农业收入的减少,非农收入和总收入均未明显提高,即使将租金提高到农户期望水平,转出户土地报酬不再显著减少,总收入仍未明显增加;(4)与间接干预相比,政府直接干预下农户的农业收入更高,租金、非农收入和总收入的差异为正但不显著。研究结论:政府作用虽已内嵌于农地流转交易中,但政府干预下的对转出户的增收效应尚不显著,直接干预和间接干预对农户收入的影响效果差异不大,仅依靠合理显化租金不足以促进农户增收,实现农户劳动力向非农领域转移更为重要。  相似文献   

20.
研究目的:探究宅基地退出在脆弱性视角下的减贫效应,厘清宅基地退出对农户贫困脆弱性的作用路径。研究方法:基于2019年安徽金寨的微观调研数据,构建广义可行最小二乘法模型,基于期望贫困对农户家庭贫困脆弱性进行测度,采用倾向得分匹配法检验宅基地退出的减贫效应,运用中介效应模型分析宅基地退出影响贫困脆弱性的传导机制。研究结果:(1)在现行贫困标准下,有18.66%的农户面临未来陷入贫困的风险;(2)宅基地退出具有显著减贫效应,能够有效降低农户未来陷入贫困的概率,通过PSM方法消除“自选择”偏误后结果依然稳健;(3)宅基地退出通过增加农户生计资本和改善生计策略来降低贫困脆弱性。研究结论:未来应进一步深化宅基地制度改革,完善宅基地退出与扶贫的联动机制,改进返贫预警的识别机制。  相似文献   

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