我国政府支出对居民消费产生引致还是挤出效应——基于可变参数模型的分析

本文利用可变参数模型对我国1978～2004年的数据进行了动态分析,结果表明:从总体上分析,在大多数年份政府支出对居民消费产生引致效应;从结构上分析,政府投资性支出对农村居民消费和城镇居民消费产生了挤出效应;从1998年开始,政府消费性支出对农村居民消费和城镇居民消费产生了引致效应;政府转移性支出在大多数年份对农村居民消费和城镇居民消费产生了引致效应。     

Regional price deflators in Poland: evidence from NUTS-2 and NUTS-3 regions

This paper analyzes regional price differentials in Poland at the NUTS-2 and NUTS-3 levels. It applies unique raw-price data and calculates regional purchasing power parity (PPP) deflators for the 16 NUTS-2 regions. It then estimates PPP deflators for the 66 NUTS-3-level regions by applying the multiple imputation approach. Finally, it verifies whether these are intra- or interregional price inequalities that have a greater influence on the overall price inequality level. It is found that the price levels are significantly higher than the average in the better-developed regions and lower in the lagging ones. It is also found that it is the intra- rather than the interregion differentials that influence more the overall inequality level.     

Spatial Inequalities and Economic Growth

Abstract

In this editorial, we summarise and comment on the five articles published in issue 9.2. The five articles are a selection of papers presented at the ‘Workshop on Inequality and Regional Growth and Cohesion’ organised by the Regional Quantitative Analysis research group (AQR-IREA) of the University of Barcelona in November 2011. The first two articles, by De Dominicis and by Monastiriotis, focus on the analysis of regional growth and examine the influence of agglomeration and national development, respectively. The article by Ezcurra and Rodríguez-Pose looks instead at how trade openness impacts on within-country regional disparities, while the article by Kyriacou and Roca-Sagalés examines in turn how regional disparities impact on the quality of government at the national level. The final article by Sacchi and Salotti examines the impact of different forms of decentralisation on income inequalities at the household level. From our perspective, these articles contribute to a better understanding of the complex link between inequality and economic growth, while they also leave open several questions that could clearly stimulate future research on the topic.     

基于DEA方法的区域制造业质量发展能力评价

本文在梳理宏观质量及质量发展能力有关研究基础上,构建了基于技术能力、装备能力、管理能力和保障能力在内的制造业质量发展能力体系。运用数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis)方法,设计出了区域制造业质量发展能力评价模型,并对北京市制造业质量发展能力进行综合评价。最后,就制造业质量发展能力的提升提出相应的政策建议。     

中国地方政府支出与居民消费关系的区域差异研究

本文利用分类回归树(CART)方法,根据中国地方政府支出与居民消费关系的差异将中国31个省(市、区)分为两组,分别对两组区域进行面板数据分析。结果表明:政府支出增长对居民消费的影响在第一组区域具有显著的引致效应,而在第二组区域则表现为挤出效应。在第一组,农业支出、政策性补贴和政府消费的增长对居民消费具有较大的正向影响,但只能在当期发挥作用;在第二组,则是基本建设支出和科学技术支出的增长显著促进了居民消费,且显示出较好的持续性。应根据不同的区域特征采取针对性措施,以有效拉动居民消费增长。     

Government Consumption and Industrial Productivity: Scale and Compositional Effects

Within a production function framework in which government spending produces public goods which enter firms production functions, empirical tests using time series data spanning eleven countries and thirty industries find both the scale and the composition of government consumption spending to affect the level and the rate of growth of total factor productivity at the industry level.Jel Classification: H50, D24     

Introduction to the special issue on positive conflict—Conflict and employees: The right and processes to be heard

Conflict, defined as clash, competition, or mutual interference of opposing or incompatible forces or qualities, may be positive. The appropriate amount of conflict may be a delicate balance not easily achieved. Thus, a key issue is conflict management. The major charter of this special issue is the presentation of work which suggests or demonstrates that conflict can be a positive force in the modern organization. It also is pointed out that conflict, positive or otherwise, and its resolution involves a broad spectrum of inquiry into the rights and obligations of those involved in the conflict     

The Government Service Delivery Project: A Case Study of the Push and Pull of Central Government Coordination

Fragmentation and the lack of appropriately coordinated government services are widely considered to be costly problems impeding effective and efficient government service provision. Moreover, there is a growing realization that many modern social issues have developed into meta-problems that cannot be resolved by the traditional single agency approach. Coordination of services through more cooperative and collaborative networks of relationships between government agencies has become a preferred strategy for many public administrators. This article gives an account of a public sector initiative aimed at enhancing service provision through the formation and management of interdepartmental networks of coordinative and cooperative action. It concludes that although networks are a useful mechanism of social coordination, their inherent benefits may be jeopardized when network management issues make them vulnerable to pressures from the centre.     

关于地方政府促进区域经济发展的意义和方法分析

我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,虽然目前的经济发展已经达到小康社会标准并且正在向发达国家的水平线靠近,但是由于区域经济发展失衡,导致国家对于不同的地区要制定不同的执行方案。地方政府是促进区域经济发展的首要因素,对我国的区域经济发展起到了决定性的作用。论文根据地方政府对本地区经济发展所采取的方法,分析了地方政府促进区域经济发展的意义,以便采取有效的措施推动区域经济良性发展。     

我国工业产品质量监管机制研究

我国工业企业缺乏质量工作主体意识,工业产品质量竞争力不强,质量安全事件时有发生。质量监管过程中存在各部门没有建立联动工作机制,政府质量监管缺乏有效性和权威性,社会的质量监督作用没有发挥等弊端。找出企业没有动力的症结所在,提高质量监管措施的有效性,建立一种有效的机制尽快地引导产品质量良性发展是我国政策面临的迫切任务。     

实施GB14761标准提高空气质量

简要叙述空气污染带来的危害,重点指出车辆排放污染物已严重影响到空气质量和人类生活,扼要介绍GB14761的主要内容,提出贯彻GB14761,借以提高空气质量已势在必行。     

强化建设工程质量的政府监督管理

建设工程质量监督管理体系及系统运行特征决定了强化政府质量监督管理的必要性,有效实施政府监督需要质量、安全、健康目标综合治理,树立主体质量责任思想,以民营化、社会化改善监督服务,优化社会监督保障体系,加强工程质量信息管理,改进政府监督手段,强化合同法律约束力。     

高校图书馆——流通馆员与读者服务中常发生的矛盾及对策

本文分析了图书馆流通馆员在读者服务工作中常发生的一些矛盾,并提醒馆员及时防止与读者之间发生的矛盾并找出相应的对策,是提高流通部服务工作的质量,热情的服务心态、正确满足读者的需求是流通部服务工作中的重要手段。     

区域经济一体化:现状、问题与对策

如何加强国内各区域间合作与发展,推动区域经济一体化,是当前理论研究与实践探索的一个热点问题。在看到我国区域经济一体化迅速发展的同时,我们也应当清醒地认识到,区域经济一体化是一项艰巨而复杂的系统工程。针对一体化进程中存在的问题,我们必须妥善处理好区域经济合作的战略、规划、机制、进程与矛盾等方面问题,实现统筹区域经济协调健康发展。     

Consistency of Regional Industrial Diversification and Air Quality Policies

Regional industrial diversification policies promote industries that will increase economic welfare by improving the balance between the standard of living and the stability of that standard of living. Regional air quality policies seek to reduce undesirable air emissions. This paper analyzes the interaction of regional air quality and industrial diversification policies, using a simple but tractable stochastic equilibrium model of regional income formation. We apply the model to data that describe the relationship between industrial structure and air emissions in Saskatchewan, and find that, in general, taxes designed to reduce harmful air emissions increase the variability of income. The major exception is a tax on refined fuels, which both reduces emissions and income variability.     

大豆高产优质栽培技术和措施

通过实践和试验提出了大豆高产优质栽培技术以及介绍确保高产,优质的田间管理等技术措施。     

Task Conflict and Employee Creativity: The Critical Roles of Learning Orientation and Goal Congruence

We add to human resource literature by investigating how the contribution of task conflict to employee creativity depends on employees’ learning orientation and their goal congruence with organizational peers. We postulate a positive relationship between task conflict and employee creativity and predict that this relationship is augmented by learning orientation but attenuated by goal congruence. We also argue that the mitigating effect of goal congruence is more salient among employees who exhibit a low learning orientation. Our results, captured from employees and their supervisors in a large, Mexican‐based organization, confirm these hypotheses. The findings have important implications for human resource managers who seek to foster creativity among employees. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

国家助学贷款:高校风险解构及其后果阐释

国家助学贷款是一种与教育机会均等的思想和高等教育财政的改革相匹配的教育成本分担方式,属于政策性金融业务。我国助学贷款政策要求高校承担相当部分的风险补偿资金,这使得高校在多重任务代理下必然做出逆向选择。本文对我国现行的国家助学贷款风险分担机制设计上的缺陷给高校带来了政策、声誉、管理与关系上的四大风险进行了分析,并对这些风险可能导致国家助学贷款政策失灵以及高校发展机会丧失的严重后果进行了阐释,认为国家应承担主要的贷款风险,本质上作为金融产品的助学贷款存在创新的巨大空间。     

建设工程质量政府监督管理的几点思考

为了能够使人们生命财产安全得到保障,政府应该对工程质量适时进行监督管理,本文阐述了政府适时监督建设工程质量的重要性,并就针对监督过程提出了几点思考。