Analyzing the Influence of TBT on Chinese Agricultural and Food Exports

Technical Barriers to Trade （TBT） have become an important obstacle to the export of Chinese agricultural products. This paper illustrates the characteristics of TBT and measures their influence on the export of Chinese agricultural products and food. In conclusion, some countermeasures are discussed for China responding to TBT.     

Is Local Food More Environmentally Friendly? The GHG Emissions Impacts of Consuming Imported versus Domestically Produced Food

With the increased interest in the ‘carbon footprint’ of global economic activities, civil society, governments and the private sector are calling into question the wisdom of transporting food products across continents instead of consuming locally produced food. While the proposition that local consumption will reduce one’s carbon footprint may seem obvious at first glance, this conclusion is not at all clear when one considers that the economic emissions intensity of food production varies widely across regions. In this paper we concentrate on the tradeoff between production and transport emissions reductions by testing the following hypothesis: Substitution of domestic for imported food will reduce the direct and indirect Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions associated with consumption. We focus on ruminant livestock since it has the highest emissions intensity across food sectors, but we also consider other food products as well, and alternately perturb the mix of domestic and imported food products by a marginal (equal) amount. We then compare the emissions associated with each of these consumption changes in order to compute a marginal emissions intensity of local food consumption, by country and product. The variations in regional ruminant emissions intensities have profound implications for the food miles debate. While shifting consumption patterns in wealthy countries from imported to domestic livestock products reduces GHG emissions associated with international trade and transport activity, we find that these transport emissions reductions are swamped by changes in global emissions due to differences in GHG emissions intensities of production. Therefore, diverting consumption to local goods only reduces global emissions when undertaken in regions with relatively low emissions intensities. For non-ruminant products, the story is more nuanced. Transport costs are more important in the case of dairy products and vegetable oils. Overall, domestic emissions intensities are the dominant part of the food miles story in about 90 % of the country/commodity cases examined here.     

Analysis of the Evaluation Mechanism of the Stride Development System of the Enterprise

on the basis of the self-organizing theories the thesis analyzes how enterprises realize the stride development through the technology stride. At First the thesis sets up the stride development system of enterprises and then the thesis reveals the mechanism that the technology stride will give rise to the stride development of ente~fises. In the end the thesis puts forward the enlightenment for the stride development of enterprises from the stride development system of enterprises.     

On the Developing Strategy of Taiyuan in the Growing-up of the Middle Area

It is urgent that how the middle part of China plays its unique role during the development process of northeast, west and east area. This paper analyses the environment pollution problems caused by economic development of Taiyuan and points out that Taiyuan should accurately locate and seize the opportunities for the growing-up of the west area and make Taiyuan become one of the economic growth poles in the central China.     

Study on the Evaluation Method of the Performances of Corporation

This paper studies the evaluation method of the performances of corporation that was set up by the Financial Ministry in 1999, and then analyzes the advantages and the problems of the method. Finally, this paper studies the theoretical method of the evaluation of the performances of corporation.     

Joint Production of Food and Wildlife: Uniform Measures or Nature Oases?

Intensive agriculture is often bad for wildlife. Does this imply that a goal to boost wildlife on agricultural land is best met through a general reduction in intensity? We argue that such an approach may not be optimal, since cost functions for provision of wildlife on agricultural land may be non-convex, due to fixed costs associated with such provision. This implies that, even when farms are identical, it may be preferable to split them into groups of high providers and low providers. We test our hypothesis in a study of the optimal management of mown grasslands in southern Sweden, where the two products are silage and successful reproduction of ground-nesting birds, and the variable controlled by the farmer is the date of the first mowing. We show that the optimal solution is likely to involve some farmers maintaining profit-maximizing practices while other—identical—farmers delay their first mowing significantly. The superiority of such split solutions may have major implications for agricultural policy.     

Performance of the Ambient Tax: Does the Nature of the Damage Matter?

The ambient tax is often considered as an efficient instrument to achieve a first best outcome of ambient pollution when the regulator cannot observe individual emissions, or when monitoring costs are prohibitive. While this view is supported to a large extent by experimental findings, there remains several hurdles that hinder the implementation of the ambient tax in the field. One of these hurdles is the nature of the damage. Experimental findings suggest that the efficiency of the ambient tax is higher under external damage, i.e. if ambient pollution affects non-polluters (Spraggon in J Public Econ 84:427–456, 2002) than under internal damage, i.e. if ambient pollution affects polluters themselves (Cochard et al. in Environ Resour Econ 30:393–422, 2005). But this result rests on very different experimental settings. Therefore, we designed a new experiment that allows to compare external and internal damage within a common setting. Our main finding is that the ambient tax is equally efficient under internal and external damage.     

On the Construction of the Harmonious Ecosystem of Enterprises - Lessons from the Low Cost Competition of Wal-Mart

Wal-Mart＇s Darwinism deserves our attention Aiming a the problems caused by Wal-Mart. this article gives a profound analysis on the concept and model of the enterprise ecosystem and expounds basic characters （such as integrity, hierarchy, functionality, autoregalation etc.） with relevant theories and knowledge of systematology and ecology, and puts forward ecological principles for the construction of harmonious enterprises ecosystem （such as principle of interarcton, principle of co-evolution, principle of ecoflow, principle of ecological niche, principle of limiting factor and prlncipte of ecological equilibrium） in order to provide new ideas for enterpises＇operation decisions and to promote the whole enterprise ecosystem to develop more healthily, harmoniously and stcstainabty.     

A generalization of the Cairns–Krautkraemer model and the optimality of the mining rule

There exists a rule of thumb of mines, which decides how the cut-off grade (the lowest grade of extracted ore) should change in response to a change in the price of the metal. It requires that the cut-off grade should decrease (increase) when the present value price of metal increases (decreases). In this paper, the optimality of the rule will be examined by generalizing the Cairns–Krautkraemer model under the perfect foresight assumption.     

Analysis of the Effect and Mode of Strategy Integration of the Enterprise M＆A

Merger is a kind of strategic behavior of seeking long-term development. A new enterprise coming from merger is different from the one that come into existence. The strategy of new enterprise formed from merger is constituted through the integration of the strategy for each side. Strategy integration is the guide for the integration of other elements after merger, the way for enterprises to adapt the change of environment and the warranty for the enterprises to achieve strategy synergistic effect. Strategy integration of the merging-enterprises can be realized through several steps： preparation for strategy integration, readjustment to strategy, reorientation of the enterprise and effective communication with target enterprise in the course of carrying out the strategy.     

Analysis on Inefficiency of Transmitting the Monetary Policy of the Capital Market

Looking from the institutional system that the stock market services the state-owned enterprises, the bad corporate governing structure of the state-owned listed companies, the lack of balance between the yield from an investment and the stock, and the polarization of the wealth distribution in the stock market, we make an intensive analysis and exploration on the inefficiency of transmitting monetary policy of Chinese capital market herein.     

Mapping the Dynamism of the United States' Geopolitical Code: The Geography of the State of the Union Speeches, 1988–2008

The changing geographical foci of the geopolitical code of the United States are examined by a content analysis of the presidential State of the Union Speeches between 1988 and 2008, the last year of President Reagan's term through the presidency of George W. Bush. The State of the Union speeches are interpreted as geopolitical discourse within a structural setting, using seven foreign-policy paradigms as an organising framework. The empirical findings illustrate an increase over time in the number of regions and countries mentioned in the speeches. Also, notable differences between administrations in terms of their advocacy of globalist or regionalist policies and emphasis upon allies or adversaries are found.     

Diagnosis on the Problem of the Human Resources Management of State-owned Enterprises

With the reform of the state-owned enterprises, the level of the human resources management of a lot of state-owned enterprises has been gradually improved. However, because of the macroscopic system, history, culture and their own reasons, there are still a series of problems in the human resources management of state-owned enterprises. In order to promote the reform of state-owned enterprises and to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, we should critically research these urgent problems. The paper will take an example of one company which was investigated by state-owned enterprises will be listed and analysed. the author, and the common problems which exist in most state-owned enterprises will be listed and analysed.     

Does the system of independent directors help improve the quality of accounting information： From the perspective of earnings conservatism

Based on the sample data of the listed firms on the A stock market, we analyze how the system of independent directors influence the earning conservatism from 4 dimensions designed to measure the monitoring power of these independent directors： Percentage within BDs, professional capacities, stimulation and work conditions. From the empirical results, we conclude that the more powerful of the independent directors, the better the accounting conservatism, and that their positive impact increases along with the improvement on corporate governance, meanwhile the work conditions plays the most important role, and then are the percentage within BDs and their professional capacities, the stimulation and personal reputation appear the least importance.     

Trapped in the Logic of the Modern State System? European Integration in the Wake of the Financial Crisis

In the wake of the Single European Act of the mid-1980s and a series of follow-on initiatives aimed at fostering greater integration in Europe, a number of commentators began describing Europe as a truly novel political-territorial arrangement. By the middle of the 1990s, however, the adoption of a common currency came to dominate the European integration agenda. The embrace of monetary union reflected a view of European integration that was firmly embedded in the logic of the modern territorial state system. That logic led many commentators to view the success or failure of integration in terms of the degree to which powers were being transferred from state governmental and economic institutions to the central decision-making bodies of the European Union. Such an approach cast the EU as a super-state rather than as a new type of political-institutional entity. As a result, the integration project was less subversive of the state system than it might otherwise have been – bolstering the view of the European Union as a distant bureaucracy not adequately attuned to the needs of everyday Europeans and fueling nationalist sentiments: a social force with deep roots in the modernist territorial order. Moving the European integration process forward will likely require embracing conceptions of progress that are less tethered to modernist territorial ideas and assumptions.     

Sheffield faces the challenge of the 21stcentury

SheffieldisEngland'sfourth-largestcity,andworldfamousforitssteelandcuileryindustries.Butmodemtechnologymeansthafewerworkersareneededtoruntheseindustries,andthechallengefacingSheffieldinthe21stcenturyisfindingaltemativeworkforitscitizens.SheffieldCityCouncilhasalreadybegunmeetingthischallengebyinvestinginleisurebasedactivitieswhichwillprovidejobsandattractvisitorstothecity.In1991SheffieldstagedtheWorldStudentGames,andthesportSfacilitiesitbuiltforthaeventreSultedinSheffieldbeingnamedasBrita…     

Protection and Utilization of Ecotourism Resources at the Estuary of the Yellow River

The Yellow River carries masses of mud eastward into theocean and forms a land in the sea with the sands at thespeed of two to three thousand miles per year.The landextending about8,000square kilometers into the Bohai Seaon north of Shandong province of C…     

The Review of the Research Paradigm of Capital Structure Based on the Theory of Industry Organization

Capital structure is one of the important research aspects of corporate finance. According to methodology, the capital structure research can be classified into two categories： the paradigm of uni-corporation and the paradigm of industry organization. Traditional capital structure research can be attribute to uni-corporation aspect. This paper reviews all literatures concerning the paradigm of industry organization and illustrates the inter-relationship among the feature of industry, the feature of suppliers and customers, the competitive strategy, product life cycle and capital structure.