Foreign Exchange Market Volatility in Southeast Asia

The time-varying volatility and volatility transmission in Asian foreign exchange markets are investigated in this paper. It has been found that the time-varying volatility and volatility transmission are all prominent in these markets. Moreover, variance simulation is carried out and the structure of covariance matrices examined, revealing the characteristics of Asian foreign exchange markets and offering explanations to the findings.     

Exchange Rate Exposure,Foreign Currency Debt,and the Use of Derivatives: Evidence from Brazil

This paper studies the exchange rate exposure and its determinants for a sample of nonfinancial Brazilian companies from 1996 to 2006. The results indicate that the number of firms exposed to exchange rate fluctuations is higher in periods of crisis and under a fixed exchange rate regime. In addition, the results point out that, although companies' international activities, operational hedging, and financial policies are important determinants of firms' exposure, the changes in companies' exposure that took place when Brazil moved from a fixed to a floating exchange rate regime were mainly driven by changes in companies' foreign currency borrowing and the use of derivatives that occurred in that period.     

Stock Market Volatility in an Emerging Market: Further Evidence from the Athens Stock Exchange

We investigate the time series properties of the daily and weekly returns from the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE) index for the years 1987 to 1997. We investigate whether important time-series characteristics have changed significantly over time. The Greek market has recently undergone major changes including complete capital flow liberalization, the implementation of computerized trading, as well as significant increases in market volume and capitalization; we thus contrast the 1987–90 and 1991–97 periods. Our findings suggest the dynamics of the ASE composite index returns have changed as the market has developed.     

Market Structure and Return Volatility: Evidence from the Hong Kong Stock Market

There is no consensus about the cause for higher volatility at the market open than at the market close in the U.S. market. As an order–driven, nonspecialist market, the Hong Kong stock market provides a useful setting for an examination. If halt of trade were the major cause of higher open–to–open volatility, the open–to–open volatility in the Hong Kong market would be higher. However, this is not observed. The autocorrelation of the open–to–open return series also indicates that the temporary price deviation at the market opening is not significant. We view these findings as consistent with the specialist argument.     

央行汇率沟通与股票市场波动

本文基于2005年7月至2017年2月的日度数据,检验中国央行汇率沟通对于股票市场波动率的影响,研究结果发现:(1)央行汇率沟通会对本国股票市场产生明显的溢出效应,并显著增加股票市场的波动率,B股市场波动率反应程度显著强于A股市场。(2)书面沟通的效果强于口头沟通,口头沟通中行长沟通效果强于非行长沟通;汇率贬值的沟通效果显著强于汇率升值沟通。(3)汇率沟通对于股票市场波动率的影响存在着明显的非线性。     

人民币汇率波动与我国通胀、产出波动：一个扩展泰勒曲线的研究

发挥市场供求对汇率的调节作用,增强人民币汇率双向浮动弹性,是当前我国汇率体制改革的主要方向。本文在泰勒曲线的框架下考察人民币汇率波动对我国宏观经济波动和货币政策实施的影响。通过实证研究发现,1994—2006年通货膨胀波动对人民币汇率波动是不敏感的,人民币汇率传递效应不显著,人民币汇率波动对宏观经济波动没有显著的影响;2007年以后人民币汇率波动推动泰勒曲线向内移动,因此更大的人民币汇率弹性对货币政策传导和货币政策有效性是有利的,逐步扩大的人民币汇率弹性区间对我国宏观经济运行是适宜和可接受的。另外人民币汇率波动也使得泰勒曲线更加陡峭,稳定通货膨胀所导致的产出缺口波动减小了,因而更有利于货币政策当局追求一个低而稳定的通胀目标。     

Time‐Varying Volatility in the Foreign Exchange Market: New Evidence on its Persistence and on Currency Spillovers

We examine empirically the volatility of four major US dollar spot exchange rates using intraday data over 40 trading days. Using multivariate stochastic volatility models, we investigate the degree of persistence of exchange rate volatility for data sampled at different frequencies and the role of volatility spillovers across exchange rates. We find that the noise component of volatility 'aggregates out' very quickly, being dominated by the more persistent component of volatility for data sampled at 15–minute or lower frequencies. Our results also suggest that exchange rate volatility is very persistent and that cross–currency spillovers are small.     

Intraday Return Volatility Process: Evidence from NASDAQ Stocks

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the distributional and time-series properties of intraday returns. The purpose is to determine whether a GARCH model that allows for time varying variance in a process can adequately represent intraday return volatility. Our primary data set consists of 5-minute returns, trading volumes, and bid-ask spreads during the period January 1, 1999 through March 31, 1999, for a subset of thirty stocks from the NASDAQ 100 Index. Our results indicate that the GARCH(1,1) model best describes the volatility of intraday returns. Current volatility can be explained by past volatility that tends to persist over time. These results are consistent with those of Akgiray (1989) who estimates volatility using the various ARCH and GARCH specifications and finds the GARCH(1,1) model performs the best. We add volume as an additional explanatory variable in the GARCH model to examine if volume can capture the GARCH effects. Consistent with results of Najand and Yung (1991) and Foster (1995) and contrary to those of Lamoureux and Lastrapes (1990), our results show that the persistence in volatility remains in intraday return series even after volume is included in the model as an explanatory variable. We then substitute bid-ask spread for volume in the conditional volatility equation to examine if the latter can capture the GARCH effects. The results show that the GARCH effects remain strongly significant for many of the securities after the introduction of bid-ask spread. Consistent with results of Antoniou, Homes and Priestley (1998), intraday returns also exhibit significant asymmetric responses of volatility to flow of information into the market.     

Trading Volume and Market Volatility: Developed versus Emerging Stock Markets

We investigate the relation between volatility and volume in 22 developed markets and 27 emerging markets. Compared to developed markets, emerging markets show a greater response to large information shocks and exhibit greater sensitivity to unexpected volume. We find a negative relation between expected volume and volatility in several emerging markets, which can be attributed to the relative inefficiency in those markets. Previous research reports that the persistence in volatility is not eliminated when lagged or contemporaneous trading volume is considered. Our findings show that, when volume is decomposed into expected and unexpected components, volatility persistence decreases.     

Foreign Direct Investment and Debt Financing in Emerging Economies

The rich dynamics of capital flows is an important characteristic of business cycles in emerging market economies. In the data external debt is always procyclical, while FDI is procyclical only in normal times. We provide a microfounded rationale for this pattern by linking financial shocks to capital flows. For this purpose, we build a small open economy model in which firms are subject to borrowing constraints, and are either owned domestically or by foreign investors who purchase firms through FDI. During a financial crisis, the valuation gap per unit net worth between foreign and domestic investors widens, which triggers more FDI inflow. Our model produces business cycle moments consistent with empirical observations.     

Incomplete Exchange Rate Pass-Through: Evidence from Exchange Rate Reform in China

Exchange rate disconnect is one of the central puzzles in international macroeconomics. Recently, there is a growing literature that studies the microeconomic foundations or mechanisms for incomplete exchange rate pass-through. However, the estimations of the exchange rate pass-through vary widely in the existing literature. Our article proposes the use of a policy-based instrumental variable for exchange rate, exploiting the exchange rate reform in China, and finds that 67% of exchange rate pass-through into the FOB export price of Chinese exports. This contrasts to the almost full exchange rate pass-through using OLS estimation. We further find that the export price of homogeneous goods, low-technology goods, and goods supplied by domestic non-SOEs is more sensitive to exchange rate changes.     

基于变结构Copula模型的股市与汇市间波动溢出效应研究

本文采用变结构Copula模型对我国股、汇市间的波动溢出效应进行研究。利用二元正态Copula函数的时变相关系数得出美元对人民币汇率与沪深300指数间相关关系的变结构点,再利用混合Copula模型分段检验波动溢出效应。实证结果表明,汇改以来,美元对人民币汇率与沪深300指数间存在着长期而显著的波动溢出效应。在次贷危机发生期间,美元对人民币汇率与沪深300指数间相关关系的变结构点增多,尾部相关性增强,两市间的波动溢出效应显著增强。因此,应加强对波动溢出传导中介的管理,减轻波动溢出效应的负面影响。     

人民币汇率波动与收入不平等:影响渠道及应对

本文基于2006—2018年我国28个省份的省级面板数据,探讨了人民币汇率波动对收入不平等产生的影响以及影响渠道。研究结果表明,人民币汇率波动的增加会通过外商直接投资渠道与就业渠道扩大收入不平等。因此,在有序推进人民币汇率市场化、人民币汇率波动逐渐增加的背景下,应稳步推进经济发展与扩大就业,促进外汇市场的发展与完善,加强劳动力市场的建设,完善失业人员培训保障机制,不断提升经济开放程度及教育水平,以避免人民币汇率波动对收入不平等的负面影响。     

The Equilibrium Exchange Rate of Mauritius: Evidence from Two Structural Models

In this paper we assess the equilibrium value of the Mauritian rupee in 2006-7 and over the medium run using two structural models. First, we derive a current account-based measure of the exchange rate equilibrium using the macroeconomic balance approach. Second, we estimate a reduced-form fundamental equilibrium exchange rate measure. Our results, which are robust to an alternative non-econometric approach, suggest that the Mauritian rupee was aligned with its equilibrium value in 2006-7 and little adjustment appeared necessary over the medium run.     

波动溢出网络视角下全球主要货币汇率风险传染研究

选取1999—2020年全球26种货币的汇率波动率数据,基于最新发展的Elastic-Net-VAR模型构建汇率波动溢出网络,考察全球主要货币的汇率风险溢出关系。研究发现：汇率风险总溢出水平经历了“稳步上升—震荡下降—急剧上升”三个阶段。汇率风险溢出网络具有同区域、同类型经济体聚集的特征,但国际金融危机等全球重大风险事件会加剧汇率风险的跨类型或跨区域传递。人民币的风险溢出对象主要为新兴经济体货币以及港币、韩元等亚洲发达经济体货币;国际金融危机后,人民币接受发达经济体货币的风险溢出明显增多。     

Volatility Spillovers Between Stock Returns and Exchange Rate Changes: International Evidence

We investigate interdependencies between stock returns and exchange rate changes for six industrialised countries, namely the US, the UK, Japan, Germany, France and Canada, by testing for volatility spillovers using a bivariate EGARCH model. Volatility spillovers from stock returns to exchange rate changes are found for all countries except Germany. These spillovers are symmetric in nature. No evidence is found of volatility spillovers from exchange rate changes to stock returns for any country. Spillovers from stock returns to exchange rate changes have increased since October 1987. This finding is consistent with the notion that international financial markets have become increasingly integrated.     

Multivariate GARCH Modeling of Exchange Rate Volatility Transmission in the European Monetary System

We construct a series of 3‐, 4‐ and 5‐variable multivariate GARCH models of exchange rate volatility transmission across the important European Monetary System (EMS) currencies including the French franc, the German mark, the Italian lira, and the European Currency Unit. The models are estimated without imposing the common restriction of constant correlation on both daily and weekly data from April 1979–March 1997. Our results indicate the importance of checking for specification robustness in multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heleroskedasticity (GARCH) modeling, we find that increased temporal aggregation reduces observed volatility transmission, and that the mark plays a dominant position in terms of volatility transmission.     

Volatility Spillovers Between Stock Returns and Exchange Rate Changes: International Evidence

We investigate interdependencies between stock returns and exchange rate changes for six industrialised countries, namely the US, the UK, Japan, Germany, France and Canada, by testing for volatility spillovers using a bivariate EGARCH model. Volatility spillovers from stock returns to exchange rate changes are found for all countries except Germany. These spillovers are symmetric in nature. No evidence is found of volatility spillovers from exchange rate changes to stock returns for any country. Spillovers from stock returns to exchange rate changes have increased since October 1987. This finding is consistent with the notion that international financial markets have become increasingly integrated.     

Structural Changes in Volatility of Foreign Exchange Rates after theAsian Financial Crisis

Regime-shift models of daily returns are estimated for the foreign exchange rates of the Asian currencies that suffered from drastic devaluation during the Asian financial crisis in 1997, and the change points are detectedfor their volatility structures. Furthermore, how the persistence in the volatility of their exchange rates changed after the crisis is examined.     

The Importance of Corporate Foreign Debt in Managing Exchange Rate Exposures in Non‐Financial Companies

This empirical study of the exchange rate exposure management of Danish non‐financial firms listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange shows that debt denominated in foreign currency (‘foreign debt’) is a very important alternative to the use of currency derivatives. The results show that the relative importance of foreign debt is positively related to (1) the extent of foreign subsidiaries, (2) the relative value of assets in place, and (3) the debt ratio. The pivotal role of time horizon is emphasised. These findings are important to firms in other countries with open economies.