创业投资引导资金发挥风险补偿功能

记者:您认为中关村创业投资引导资金对于贵公司这样的投资机构来说有什么意义? 薛军:首先,我们公司是清华科技园的投资机构,而清华科技园的目标和利益与中关村科技园区的整体目标与利益几乎是重合、一致的.在这种前提条件下,中关村管委会关心的事情就是我们关心的事情.     

Venture capital reputation and investment performance

I propose a new measure of venture capital (VC) firm reputation and analyze its performance implications on private companies. Controlling for portfolio company quality and other VC-specific factors including experience, connectedness, syndication, industry competition, exit conditions, and investment environment, I find companies backed by more reputable VCs by initial public offering (IPO) capitalization share (based on cumulative market capitalization of IPOs backed by the VC), are more likely to exit successfully, access public markets faster, and have higher asset productivity at IPOs. Further tests suggest VCs’ IPO Capitalization share effectively captures both VC screening and monitoring expertise. My findings have financial implications for limited partners and entrepreneurs regarding their VC-sorting activities.     

Venture capital and new business creation

Using a comprehensive database of firms from 21 European countries over the period 1998–2008, we find that venture capital investment has a positive effect on the rate of new business creation. This is especially true in countries with higher entry costs, higher protection of intellectual property rights, and lower taxes on capital gains. Our results suggest that, controlling for country and industry characteristics, venture capital is beneficial to bringing new ideas to the marketplace in the shape of new companies.     

Venture capital funds: Flow-performance relationship and performance persistence

This paper finds that venture capital funds that are expected to be backed by more skilled investors show no performance persistence but a significant flow-performance relationship. In contrast, funds that are expected to be backed by less skilled investors show performance predictability and have a non-significant flow-performance relationship. These results suggest that only skilled investors use all available information to adjust their capital allocation and, as a result, eliminate performance predictability as argued theoretically by Berk and Green (2004). Results also show that Kaplan and Schoar (2005) overstate the persistence in fund performance by not using an ex ante measure of the performance of earlier funds. Whether or not an ex ante measure is used, however, the persistence is largely due to unsophisticated investors. When investors are sophisticated, the performance of earlier funds, sequence and fund size do not help predict the performance of the focal fund.     

创投资金:助推企业成长壮大

记者:您能否谈一下中关村创业投资发展中心一般是通过什么形式来审核投资合作伙伴的?决定投资企业能否成为合作伙伴的主要判断标准是什么?     

Venture capital funds and the public equity market

This paper considers the relationship between the public equity market and the returns to venture investing using a dataset which is derived from the records of two large limited partners who have been investing in venture capital for almost 30 years. Evidence is found to suggest that market conditions over the investment cycle, and exit conditions at the time of exit in particular, are an important determinant. This paper also investigates whether any other aspects of the venture investment process respond to events in the broader market. While general trends are evident in the venture investment cycle, only the intensity of the investment process is found to respond to events in the public equity market.     

Two-stage capital budgeting,capital charge rates,and resource constraints

We study two-stage, multi-division budgeting mechanisms that allocate scarce resources among divisions using capital charge rates. Each divisional manager observes private sequential project information and competes for scarce resources over two stages. The optimal capital charge rates in our two-stage setting can be quite different from those that arise in a single-stage setting. If the firm faces a resource constraint at only the second stage, a less severe constraint can imply more first-stage project initiation, which can lead to higher second-stage capital charge rates. If resources are constrained at both stages, a decrease in the severity of the constraint at just one stage decreases the capital charge rate at that stage but increases the capital charge rate at the other stage because each constraint affects the intensity of competition at both stages. This result holds regardless of whether the scarce resources are fungible or non-fungible across stages.     

风险投资如何助推商业模式创薪

近日,中国知名的民间智库——长城战略咨询发布《商业模式》研究报告,报告中提出了“改革开放后中国十大成功商业模式”,腾讯、阿里巴巴、携程、招商银行、苏宁电器、百度、华为、巨人、比亚迪、联想等十家企业榜上有名。该报告认为：商业模式创新从“讲故事”开始,而商业计划书是实践商业模式的第一步,随着商业模式设计与商业计划书目益成熟,一旦一个项目或公司最缺的就剩下资金的时候,创业者或风险企业家与风险投资或金融资本就会实现结合     

风险投资就是投人

在风险投资业界,做合伙人的女士不多,做创始合伙人或总裁合伙人的就更是寥寥无几。汝林琪却是这屈指可数中的一位,而且是一位优秀的投资人。她领导的凯鹏华盈在中国投资的10年间,总计投资了近50家企业。谈到投资的经验与教训,她一再向《国际融资》记者强调：“我个人一直很坚信,投资就是投人。”     

风险投资可有效解决中小企业融资难

中国国内资本市场的迅速发展,推动了中国风险投资队伍的扩大,为一大批有发展前途的中小企业注入了大量资金。事实证明,风险投资是解决中小企业融资困难的最好方式     

The effects of R&D, venture capital, and technology on the underpricing of IPOs in Taiwan

Information asymmetry and value uncertainty causes high -research and development (R&D) or high-tech Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) to become underpriced. Venture capital can serve as a moderator to mitigate the information asymmetry and value uncertainty to reduce IPO underpricing. High-tech industries significantly contribute to Taiwan??s economic growth. With the unique Taiwan data, we find that venture-backed IPOs are less underpriced. More importantly, IPO underpricing due to technology decreases with the use of venture capital and decreases with the interaction between R&D expenditure and technology. Technology requirement reduces the underpricing of high-R&D IPOs. Accordingly, R&D spending reduces the underpricing of high-tech IPOs.     

IPOs,trade sales and liquidations: Modelling venture capital exits using survival analysis

This paper examines the dynamics of exit options for US venture capital funds. Using a sample of more than 20,000 investment rounds, we analyze the time to ‘IPO’, ‘trade sale’ and ‘liquidation’ for 6000 VC-backed firms. We model these exit times using competing risks models, which allow for a joint analysis of exit type and exit timing. The hazard rate for IPOs are clearly non-monotonic with respect to time. As time flows, VC-backed firms first exhibit an increased likelihood of exiting to an IPO. However, after having reached a plateau, non-exited investments have fewer possibilities of IPO exits as time increases. This sharply contrasts with trade sale exits, where the hazard rate is less time-varying. We further provide evidence on the impact of economic factors such as syndicate size and composition, geographical location and VC value adding, on exit outcomes.     

Governance reform and IPO underpricing

Underpricing of IPOs in Thailand significantly drops following the country's major governance reform, indicating less price-protection by investors. The lower price-protection is associated with fewer instances of absolute control retention by pre-issue insiders during the post-reform period, not reduction in the expropriation risk. While corporate disclosure does not reveal issuers' true risk type before the reform, it does so after the reform. Yet, insiders make significantly less disclosure when retaining absolute control regardless of the reform. We conclude that governance regulation in an economy with fundamentally weak legal institutions works, but its efficacy is limited when insiders retain absolute control.     

我国风险投资防稀释条款的应用及效用分析

当前,风险投资活动大多采用多轮投资的方式。如何在可能的后轮降价融资情况下保障自己的股份价值不被稀释,是防稀释条款的主要功能。但严厉的防稀释条款会对创业企业家造成损害,进而影响风险投资机构的利益。风险投资机构在设立防稀释条款时应避免设置完全棘轮条款,争取设置止损触发式期权和设置防稀释条款失效条款来激发创业企业家的创业激情;创业企业家则应争取设立＂持续融资＂条款和完善例外事项条款来抵消防稀释条款的消极作用。     

Performance measurement for investment decisions under capital constraints

An owner delegates investment decisions to a better informed manager whose time preferences are unknown to the owner. Due to exogenous capital constraints, not all profitable projects can be undertaken, and therefore the owner wants the manager to select the NPV-maximizing set of projects. We show that the relative benefit cost allocation scheme proposed by prior literature does not solve this problem. Adopting the same information structure as in Rogerson (J Polit Econ 105, 770–795, 1997) and Reichelstein (Rev Account Stud 2, 157–180, 1997), we demonstrate how to obtain robust goal congruence using residual income. The resulting revenue recognition and cost allocation rules lead to a performance measure reflecting the expected NPV-ranking of projects in each and every period.

Beyond internal capital markets: The in-house transmission of adverse sales shocks and the collateral channel

We study how shocks to some business segments affect investment in a firm's non-shock segments. We find that subsequent investment in the non-shock segments is significantly lower compared to segments of firms that do not experience shocks. Surprisingly, lower availability of internal funds does not account for the lower investment. We find that segment shocks propagate within the firm by decreasing the value of collateral assets and reducing the availability of external finance. Our results support the operation of an external finance collateral channel ([Kiyotaki, N., Moore, J., 1997. Credit cycles. Journal of Political Economy 105, 211–248.]) previously discussed in the literature.     

Testing financing constraints on firm investment using variable capital

We consider a dynamic multifactor model of investment with financing imperfections, adjustment costs and fixed and variable capital. We use the model to derive a test of financing constraints based on a reduced form variable capital equation. Simulation results show that this test correctly identifies financially constrained firms even when the estimation of firms’ investment opportunities is very noisy. In addition, the test is well specified in the presence of both concave and convex adjustment costs of fixed capital. We confirm empirically the validity of this test on a sample of small Italian manufacturing companies.     

Equilibrium mispricing in a capital market with portfolio constraints

This article develops a general equilibrium, continuous timemodel where portfolio constraints generate mispricing betweenredundant securities. Constrained consumption-portfolio optimizationtechniques are adapted to incorporate redundant, possibly mispricedsecurities. Under logarithmic preferences, we provide explicitconditions for mispricing and closed-form expressions for alleconomic quantities. Existence of an equilibrium where mispricingoccurs with positive probability is verified in a specific case.In a more general setting, we demonstrate the necessity of mispricingfor equilibrium when agents are heterogeneous enough. The constructionof a representative agent with stochastic weights allows usto characterize prices and allocations, given mispricing occurs.     

风险投资人展望未来十年热点行业

中国创投和私募行业刚刚送走了第一个风风雨雨的10年。10年来,这个行业走出了彷徨和低迷,如今变得红红火火,其间拉起了不少优秀的企业。如今伴随着虎年的到来,创投和私募行业拉开了第二个10年的序幕。为此,中国投资界的领军人物相约在一起展望股权投资行业的新10年。他们是：清科集团总裁倪正东,凯鹏华盈中国基金执行合伙人汝林琪,IDG资本副董事长熊晓鸽,建银国际行政总裁兼执行董事胡章宏,达晨创业投资有限公司董事长兼总裁刘昼,德同资本的创始管理合伙人邵俊,联想投资董事总经理刘二海,深圳市创业投资同业公会会长靳海涛,红杉资本中国基金合伙人周逵。     

UK IPO underpricing and venture capitalists

We analyze the nature and causes of short-run underpricing for a unique sample of 591 Initial Public Offers (IPOs) issued on the London Stock Exchange for the period 1985–2003. We find significant differences between the 1998–2000 bubble years and the rest of the sample. Venture capitalists and reputable underwriters played a certification role in the latter period but not during the bubble years. These years featured significant increases in underpricing, money left on the table, and a decline in operating quality. The combination of venture capitalists and prestigious underwriters was increasingly associated with the highest underpricing witnessed during 1998–2000, which provides indirect support for the spinning hypothesis.