温州式金融危机生成的制度逻辑

通过对温州金融危机进行个案考察发现， 民间金融对民营中小企业的发展具有不可或缺的作用， 但在外部宏观经济环境发生转变进而恶化中小企业生存环境时， 民间借贷的性质将从互助合作性转向投机性， 民间借贷参与者的范围也将超越有效信任边界； 于是， 其私人治理机制再也无法有效约束借款人的败德行为， 从而为金融危机的爆发提供了可能。 由温州个案还可引申出如下结论： 中国长期实践的金融管制政策不仅为温州式金融危机的生成提供了必要条件， 还抑制了非正规金融自发地向正规金融转型， 并引发了一系列的扭曲效应，如企业家人力资本才能错配、 民间金融内聚高违约风险、 投机行为泛滥以及租值耗散等。     

现金流、股权结构与中国上市公司投资行为

基于我国制度背景,利用上市公司财务数据,实证检验了股权结构、现金流对我国上市公司投资行为的影响,经验汪据表明,当企业自由现金流较低时,非国有控投企业表现为投资不足,企业投资对内部现金流是敏感的,而国有控股企业投资对内部现金流不敏感;当企业自由现金流较高时,国有拉股企业和非国有控股企业都表现为过度投资,两类企业投资对内部现金流都是敏感的。居中的股枞结沟能够抑制国有控股企业的过度投资问题,分散的股权结构和过于集中的股权结构则可能使企业的过度投资问题更为严重。此外,居中的股权结构既不能抑制非国有控股企业过度投资,又不能促进企业有效投资。     

高管薪酬激励、产权性质与企业绩效——基于股权集中度的调节效应

本文以高管薪酬激励为视角,将高管薪酬激励、股权集中度与企业绩效放在一个统一的分析框架下,以产权性质为依据,收集了 2007~2015 年国有企业与民营企业的面板数据,分别实证检验了高管薪酬激励与企业绩效的关系,以及股权集中度是否在其中发挥调节作用。研究发现：高管薪酬激励对企业绩效有显著的促进作用,并且国有企业中的促进作用要强于民营企业;股权集中度在国有企业中对于高管薪酬激励与企业绩效之间的关系有显著的负向调节作用,而在民营企业中不存在显著调节作用。     

民营企业应对环境管制的战略导向与创新行为——基于浙江纺织行业调查的实证分析

民营企业在金融危机中面临内外需求下降与环境管制加强的双重压力。面对环境管制,根据企业的战略差异可以将其分为主动型和防御型,而企业是否采用绿色技术的决策很大程度上取决于企业的环境战略导向。在环境管制趋于加强的趋势下,主动型企业较防御型企业更倾向于改进绿色工艺或者开发绿色产品。本文以浙江纺织行业为例,实证分析民营企业应对环境管制的战略导向与绿色技术创新行为,并为我国制定和实施针对民营企业的环境管制政策提供建议。     

当前国际政府债务问题的特征、影响及警示

为应对席卷全球的国际金融危机,各国政府纷纷采取经济刺激措施,代替民间企业和金融机构承担危机成本,这不可避免带来一定的政府债务问题。随着时间的推移,这些政府债务问题逐步凸显,成为各国和全球经济走出危机阴影的障碍。当前国际上各国政府债务问题呈现脆弱性、复杂性、集中性和长期性特征,成为全球经济复苏的绊脚石,甚至会给世界各国经济带来灾难性影响。我国应该从中得到一些警示。     

Government Ownership and Financial Performance in a Competitive Environment: Evidence from the Corporatization of the New Zealand Government Computing Services

This paper examines the financial performance of Government Computer Services (GCS) from 1985 to 1994. During this period GCS moved from a government department to an autonomous agency and was subsequently organized as a limited liability corporation. In 1994, GCS was sold to the private sector. This setting provides a quasi-experiment in which to examine the effect of different governance mechanisms on financial performance, while holding ownership constant. The role of government ownership and its impact on financial performance is an important issue, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region where governments play a significant role in economic development. The financial performance of GCS improves, which is consistent with the hypotheses concerning the deregulation of the product and labor markets and changes to the governance structure.     

煤炭企业混合所有制改革与公司治理机制优化

煤炭企业混合所有制改革是煤炭企业建立现代企业制度的必然要求。煤炭企业混合所有制改革要求在国有煤炭企业中引入民营投资、外商投资,形成煤炭企业投资主体多元化的格局。煤炭企业混合所有制改革要求煤炭企业按《公司法》要求改制为规范的公司制企业,构建以股东会、董事会、监事会、经理层为代表的现代公司治理结构。煤炭企业混合所有制改革拓宽煤炭企业融资渠道,引入国内外战略投资者,可优化煤炭企业的公司治理机制。总之,煤炭企业混合所有制改革有利于煤炭企业公司治理机制的形成和优化。     

State Ownership, Privatization and Performance in Singapore: An Exploratory Study from a Strategic Management Perspective

This paper considers the ownership debate with regard to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) performance, that is, whether superior performance of SOEs can be achieved under state ownership. While the traditional belief has been, supported by empirical work, that private ownership is generally associated with superior performance, the experience of Singapore is a clear example to the contrary. We outline global privatization trends and discuss the impact of privatization programs. We then discuss Singapore Telecom as a case where state ownership combined with several contextual and firm-related factors, especially firm strategy, has led to sustained world-class performance. We develop a theoretical framework for this analysis based on the strategic management field. We lastly outline some theoretical and practical implications of the analysis.     

玩具与动漫：打造玩具文化的捷径

席卷全球的金融风暴，让中国玩具行业甚有“屋漏偏逢连夜雨”的感觉。在这个风暴中，一大批经不起风雨的企业相继转行甚至是关门歇业，如何让本已面临挑战的玩具行业挺过这个风暴，在风暴中寻找出路成为广大玩具行业同仁思考的重点。     

Internal organisation, business groups and corporate performance : An empirical test of the multidivisional hypothesis in Japan

The paper explores the relationship between business groups, ownership structure, and internal organisation in a sample of Japanese enterprises. Empirical data confirms an association between organisational structure and diversified business strategy that has been found elsewhere. However, as in previous work on West Germany but not the USA and Britain, no significant relationship between M-form organisation and financial performance is detected.     

An Exploratory Study of Company Turnaround in Australia and Singapore Following the Asia Crisis

There has been little research into company turnaround practices in Asia. This paper investigates the role of retrenchment, replacement of chairman or chief executive and ownership change in the turnaround process, using a sample of 60 listed companies in Australia and Singapore. Conclusions are drawn that overall, transparency of the regulatory environment and other governance issues are a stronger influence on turnaround practices than are cultural issues. This may make Singapore, which has transparency and governance risk indicators at similar low levels to Australia, a unique business environment in Asia.     

Financial and stock market variables as predictors of management buyouts

This paper investigates whether publicly held firms which change to private ownership through management buyouts (ex-public firms) possess characteristics prior to the change which differentiate them from firms which remain publicly owned. The financial characteristics of ex-public firms for the year immediately prior to going private were analyzed. A multivariate framework was developed to determine which attributes best distinguished firms going private via management buyouts from similar firms not going private. A discriminant function was developed using seven ratios: (1) concentration of ownership, (2) cash flow to net worth, (3) cash flow to total assets, (4) price/earnings ratio, (5) price/book value ratio, (6) book value of depreciable assets in relation to original costs, and (7) dividend yield. The model demonstrated a classification accuracy of 77.8 percent for the original sample and 81.4 percent in a hold-out sample validation. These findings imply that financial characteristics alone provide a means by which firms going private via management buyouts can be separated from others. Therefore one can argue that, regardless of the stated motive for going private, financial characteristics either are explicit decision variables or directly reflect non-financial reasons for management buyouts.     

How Much Does Ownership Form Matter?

Research summary : Previous studies have emphasized firm and industry effects on variation in firm performance, but the relationship between forms of ownership and firm performance has been the focus of limited research. This article examines the extent to which ownership form (i.e., public or private ownership) and ownership structure (including diffused ownership and blockholding) affect firm performance. The results of an analysis of 30,525 European Union (EU) firms indicate that form of ownership is an important explanatory factor in the difference in performance among firms. These results underscore the need to study firms characterized by different ownership arrangements and to provide empirical evidence for the study of firm ownership in strategic management. Managerial summary : Motivated by growing evidence on the involvement of different types of owners in the strategies of firms, we studied the extent to which a firm's ownership form (type of legal incorporation, such as public and private ownership forms) and ownership structure (diffused ownership and blockholding) affect its performance. Our study of more than 30,000 firms from the European Union shows that ownership form differences explain some of the performance differences between firms. Our results also indicate that firms with different ownership forms are differently affected by their competitive environment. Overall, the study suggests that choosing the right ownership form can have important strategic consequences. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

石油期货市场:透视、反思与展望——访朱斌、马瑾、唐守安、陈钢、赵源远

2008年,伴随着全球金融危机的爆发和国际油价的大跌,中国部分央企在金融衍生品市场上的投资也出现巨亏,如何加强金融衍生品市场的监管、规范市场发展,成为关注度极高的问题。2009年6月,美国公     

集体主义文化维系下的柔性组织与模糊契约--浙江民营企业发展的自组织模式揭示

浙江民营企业在自我发展的过程中，通过竞争和协同会自发形成与市场体制适应的组织形式，这种有效的市场组织形式可以明确表述为一种与集体主义文化相适应的柔性组织和模糊契约，通过对柔性组织和模糊契约问题的详细分析，可以对浙江民营企业的超强竞争力和发展壮大给一个合理的解释和演绎。     

Contract Design for Problem Asset Disposition

As a result of declining real estate values and the receivership of numerous financial institutions, government regulators like the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) have large inventories of distressed assets. This paper develops a model of the principal/agent issues associated with management and disposition of problem assets. In the model, optimal contracts balance risk sharing with incentives for effort. We argue that the RTC will minimize the ultimate cost of the thrift crisis by placing managerial control of distressed assets in the private sector, while retaining full or partial ownership of the assets for risk-sharing purposes. Recoveries are maximized, however, only when an asset manager is incented to expend a first-best level of effort by indexing asset management and disposition contracts to market movements.     

企业转型升级与研发投入的外部环境研究——基于政治关系和市场化进程的视角

企业转型升级尚无明确定义,理论更处于探索中。从各国应对金融危机看,企业、政府、政治和市场是促成产业转型升级的关键。对此,本文以政治关系和市场化进程为纽带,研究了实现企业转型升级的外部环境。结果表明：从总体上看,企业政治关系对企业研发投入具有显著的促进作用,有助于企业转形升级;政治关系对研发的促进作用只在非国有控股企业中显著,产生的是诱导效应,在国有控股企业中不显著,产生的是替代效应,这反映出民企通过政治关系,对政府提出的企业转型升级更有热情,更能作出积极的反应;只有在市场化进程较快的地区,政治关系才对企业研发投入有显著的促进作用,这说明除政治关系和政治热情外,实现企业转型升级还需要强化市场化机制建设。     

高利贷的危害与政策回应

金融危机导致国内大批中小企业资金链断裂,不少企业为了维持生存,解决一时资金周转困难,而不得不借高利贷以解燃眉之急。但是,高利贷犹如套在中小企业脖子上的“绞刑绳”,原本许多经营正常的企业因为借高利贷而被迫关闭破产。因此,在金融危机的背景下,我们必须加强监管,严厉打击高利贷行为,鼓励企业抱团自救。向国家商业银行贷款,以度过困难阶段。     

国有企业出资人制度的原由和框架

国有企业难以全面振兴的深层次原因是：国民收入分配格局变化后，财政从生产建设财政转变为借债吃型财政后，它们失去了资本金注资来源，而银行注资形成的高负债发展模式，又会形成金融风险；工资成本上升趋势和资本利润率下降规律内样在国有企业发生作用，冗员过多的工资上升侵蚀利润，使国有企业难以为继；将企业作为一级党政社团组织办和企业办社会，使企业的体制成本很高，并内化了许多社会成本；所有者多头代理，导致管事的不管人，管人的不管事，所有者的权力、责任和应当承担的风险不对称。从放权让利改革开始的所有机和经营权的分离，虽然扩大了企业的自主权，但是没有形成真正管用的所有者，且形成了更多的不负责任的所有者代表。后来企业资产多元化的改革，希望通过外力建立所有者，国有资产管理搭便车，然而由于种种原因，效果并不理想。从战略上讲，国有经济要集中，要社会化，要在许多领域退出。但是，国有经济所占资源目前仍占全社会经营性资源的70%以上。并且，国有经济并不可能在短期内得以转轨。因此，需要在过渡时期建立一种有效的出资人一经营者制衡制度，使国有企业在国民经济中发挥应有的作用。     

Managerial ownership and the role of privatization in transition economies: The case of China

Within transition economies, a popular tactic for revitalizing large and inefficient stateowned enterprises (SOEs) is to privatize them. Unfortunately, the empirical evidence related to this issue is equivocal. This study, therefore, explores more deeply what the relationship may be between privatization efforts of SOEs and their financial performance in transition economies. Specifically, we seek to better understand whether privatization reforms per se, or other corporate governance mechanisms that complement or substitute for this effort, are most effective. Using a panel sample of Chinese state-owned public firms over an eight year period from 1999 to 2006, we find that managerial ownership has a more significant impact on firm performance than privatization does. This finding suggests that internal incentives to managers may be more effective than external market mechanisms in economies transitioning from centralized planning to market control. Our results are robust using a wide variety of performance measures and different model specifications.