论中国利率市场化进程与利率期货的推出

中国利率市场化的进程正在有步骤地加速推进,利率的市场化必然带来利率波动幅度的加大,如果没有有效的利率风险管理工具作为配套机制,必然会影响利率市场化的顺利进展,也影响到整个金融市场应有作用的发挥.发达国家的经验表明,利率市场化要求利率期货作为利率风险管理的机制予以配合,因此,在推进中国利率市场化的进程中应研究推出利率期货交易的问题.利率期货的最主要承载体是国债期货.根据中国目前利率市场化进展的实际情况,从各类经济实体已经或可能面临的利率风险看,对国债期货的需求日渐强烈.本文的主旨是,在论述中国利率市场化进程中,分析各类经济实体所面临的各种利率风险,以及国债期货对于这一风险管理所起的应有作用,从而得出应当推出国债期货的结论.     

关于我国利率市场化若干问题的研究

实行利率市场化有利于增强我国银行对外资银行的竞争力,是我国金融体制改革的必然选择。研究利率市场化对我国宏观投资效益、存贷款先后次序安排及汇率的效应分析,有利于改进资金使用的宏观效益。我国是发展中国家,金融市场发育尚不完善,应选择渐近式实施利率市场化进程为宜。     

中国货币市场基金发展与利率市场化：基于美国的经验

美国货币市场基金发展与利率市场化改革推进是相辅相成的。货币市场基金的出现分流了银行存款,促使美联储启动存款利率市场化改革;改革进程中通胀高企、银行产品创新滞后等因素为货币市场基金提供了发展空间。货币市场基金的兴起对美国金融结构及各部分资产负债表产生深远影响,存款机构投资风险偏好提升,居民、企业部门资产配置改变。中国货币市场基金与利率市场化正在形成积极有效互动,出现“小额先行、加速推进”的独特路径,推动商业银行与金融市场的变革和创新。     

Effects of interest rate swaps

In this paper we examine the effect of interest rate swaps on the firm, and identify characteristics of firms that use interest rate swaps, reporting findings consistent with interest rate swaps being used as a risk-reducing instrument. Relative to nonswappers, firms using swaps are more likely to experience decreased cash flow variance in the five-year period subsequent to swap initiation. In addition, firms that engage in swaps are found to be larger and more highly levered than a control sample of nonswappers. Dividing our sample based upon type of swap, we find different characteristics explain different types of swap. In particular we find evidence consistent with swaps from variable to fixed interest rates being engaged in for risk reduction, i.e., hedging purposes.     

人民币存贷款利率市场化面临的制度障碍

存款利率市场化作为利率市场化的一个重要方面,是我国经济发展的必然趋势.但是,存款利率市场化不是一蹴而就的,它是一项复杂的系统工程.目前,我国的存款利率市场化面临着财政赤字的制约,银行风险的制约以及投资与消费不足的制约,要实现存款利率的市场化改革,道路漫长而艰辛.     

"利率通道"调控模式对我国利率市场化改革的启示

金融自由化理论的发展对各国金融改革提供了理论支持,我国正在进行的利率市场化改革,迫切需要构建适合实际和发展需要的利率调控模式,所以必须了解“利率通道”调控模式的运行机制,运用实证数据对“利率通道”调控模式进行模拟分析,从而建立以“利率通道”调控为主、公开市场操作调控为辅的利率调控模式作为我国利率市场化改革的选择。     

利率市场化、生命周期与企业融资约束

基于2007-2017年沪深两市A股上市公司数据，揭示中国利率市场化改革对企业融资约束的影响及其在不同生命周期阶段上的差异特征。研究发现，利率市场化对企业融资约束具有明显缓解作用，在成长期和成熟期中有显著效果。机制研究表明，利率市场化能够通过降低企业金融化、财务费用和短贷长投三种方式来缓解融资压力。进一步研究发现，在嵌入了金融部门发展状况后，无论银行部门发展好坏与否，利率市场化均能以其为载体对融资约束缓解有所裨益，而在资本市场、金融科技发展较差的环境下，利率市场化效用难以得到有效发挥。最后，从推进利率市场化建设、实施差异化政策供给和完善金融体系建设三个方面提出了相应的政策建议。     

The impacts of RMB internationalization on onshore and offshore RMB markets

Using the DCC-GARCH model, this study considers distinctive features of China's foreign exchange market to investigate the impacts of RMB internationalization on exchange rates in onshore and offshore markets in different stages during 2010–2017. The results show that policies concerning RMB internationalization, such as interest rate liberalization, exchange rate liberalization, and capital market internationalization, have different impacts on the central parity rate, onshore exchange rate, and offshore exchange rate. In terms of exchange rate liberalization, as the daily trading band was gradually widened in 2012–2015, the onshore exchange rate followed the offshore exchange rate more closely. The central parity rate functioned as a managed floating role. It stabilized onshore and offshore exchange rate fluctuations, while allowing partial marketization. After the exchange rate reform on August 11, 2015, the central parity rate plays a benchmark role based on a more market-oriented price formation mechanism. It makes the central parity rate regain pricing power in onshore and offshore markets. Further, it promotes exchange rate liberalization and RMB internationalization. Nevertheless, with the slowdown of China's economic growth and the narrowing of the interest rate differential between China and the US, the RMB is under pressure to depreciate, and its volatility increases significantly.     

我国利率市场化改革对商业银行的影响

本文分析了我国利率市场化进程的现状,然后说明了我国利率市场化对商业银行的双面影响。一方面,会加剧银行业的竞争,出现各种风险;另一方面,也会给银行业的发展带来机遇,迫使商业银行加快金融创新,转变管理模式。最后,提出商业银行应对利率从市场化的对策。     

The impact of foreign interest rates on the economy: The role of the exchange rate regime

It is often argued that many economies are affected by conditions in foreign countries. This paper explores the connection between interest rates in major industrial countries and annual real output growth in other countries. The results show that high foreign interest rates have a contractionary effect on annual real GDP growth in the domestic economy, but that this effect is centered on countries with fixed exchange rates. The paper then examines the potential channels through which major-country interest rates affect other economies. The effect of foreign interest rates on domestic interest rates is the most likely channel when compared with other possibilities, such as a trade effect.     

入世后中国利率环境的变化及利率趋势

利率 ,作为资金或资本的“价格” ,与一国的储蓄投资、宏观经济调控紧密关联。随着中国市场经济不断完善发展 ,利率的价格调节功能对中国深化经济改革和优化经济发展日益重要。加入WTO后 ,中国经济的市场化、国际化程度将进一步加深 ,利率环境即决定和影响中国利率的诸多因素将发生变化。通过实证分析入世后中国利率环境的变化 ,在对影响利率各因素详尽分析的基础上给出入世后中国利率趋势 ,具有重要的现实意义。     

新一轮农村利率改革成效与经济解释——闽东地区调查与垄断市场分析

农村金融市场垄断背景下，新一轮农村利率改革并没有达到扩大农村信贷的目的，反而加大了农村的融资成本。原因在于：利率浮动范围扩大后，并没有形成农村信贷利率的市场定价机制，农信社只是简单地将信贷价格一浮到顶，以赚取更高的垄断利润。对福建东部两县(市)的调查显示，新一轮农村利率改革的成效并未达到政策设计意图。其原因可以用垄断市场结构下垄断定价与最优利率理论解释。真正建立起农村“两部门垂直合作型”金融组织体系，打破农村金融垄断，才能有效解决农村地区融资困境。     

The characteristics of derivatives users: An analysis of the thrift industry

This paper compares the characteristics of derivatives users and non-users, using data from U.S. savings associations during 1993–1994. Unlike prior studies, the data used in this analysis are market values of assets and liabilities. Market values were obtained from the base case (no interest rate change) in the Office of Thrift Supervision's (OTS) Net Portfolio Value Model. This model calculates the value of all of a thrift's positions to calculate the value at risk. We determine the consistency of theories of derivatives use with the characteristics of derivatives users.     

Dynamics of capital account and current account in Sri Lanka

This paper enquires the dynamics of current account and capital account in Sri Lanka for the period 2001:Q1 to 2016:Q1 and also examines the role of some policy variables such as exchange rate and interest rate in this dynamics. Estimated autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to cointegration followed by error correction representation of the ARDL model have found that current account is caused by capital account and exchange rate, where capital account causes to produce a deficit in current account. In the dynamic adjustment of current account due to exchange rate, an evidence of J-curve phenomenon is noticed. Capital account is neither caused by current account nor by exchange rate but interest rate has a positive impact on it. Robustness of these findings is testified by the vector autoregression model, Wald test of Granger causality followed by an impulse response analysis and a variance decomposition analysis. These analyses, in addition, establish a negative impact of interest rate on current account. With the best of knowledge this is the first study that reveals the dynamics of current and capital account of Sri Lanka. Such a dynamics is critical from the policy perspective. Policy makers should caution before capital account liberalization.     

Regime-switching and interest rates in the European monetary system

This paper examines the impact that a currency target zone has on short-term interest rates. For a number of countries in the European Monetary System, we characterize the short rate using a regime-switching model that allows for a differently parameterized mean-reverting square-root process in each regime. We find that the volatility, the level, and the speed-of-adjustment are all higher in the regime that is operative during speculative attacks and currency crises. Moreover, we allow the conditional probability of being in each regime to be state-dependent so the model can be used to examine questions relating to the likelihood of realignments and the stability of the target zone system.     

浮动汇率制度下资本项目开放国际经验与启示

随着国际金融方面改革的深入,我国资本项目开放不断地面临新的环境和形势,汇率政策的变动就是其中之一。以更具弹性的浮动汇率制度为背景,分析其他国家在浮动汇率制度下开放资本项目的经验,总结出开放的条件和步骤的一般规律,并进一步得出对我国现实的政策启示,将有助于我国在今后的改革中有针对性地防范风险,也有助于我国稳步实现资本项目下的完全可兑换。     

中国汇率制度改革的目标

为符合经济环境和对外贸易需要中国汇率制度已经经过几次变革。但随着中国经济的发展和世界其他国家贸易往来更加密切,减少不必要的贸易摩擦并且逐步实现金融自由化要求下改革中国现行的汇率制度,就显得更加迫切。因此在参考一些国家汇率制度改革和演变的基础上改革中国的现行汇率制度,实行汇率目标区将是我国金融改革过程中的一个现实、较优的选择。     

人民币利率对汇率影响的实证研究：1981—2003

定量分析人民币利率对汇率长期走势与短期波动的影响,对于中国利率市场化与汇率制度选择等问题意义重大.对时间序列变量进行单位根检验、协整检验,以及建立误差修正模型等实证研究表明:无论在长期还是短期,人民币利率对汇率都是反向影响.长期内,利率对人民币汇率存在较强的影响;短期内,利率对人民币汇率影响较弱.我国利率主要还是通过商品市场间接地对汇率产生作用.     

美国基准利率近年变动状况考察及借鉴

自2000年至今,美国的联邦基金利率变动经历了三个时期：降息期（2001年5月到2003年6月）、加息期（2004年6月到2007年9月）、再降息期（2007年9月至今）。美国的低利率政策助长了股票市场和房地产市场的资产价格膨胀,催化了泡沫经济的形成和加剧。这正是后来引发次贷危机——世界金融危机——全球经济危机的首要因素。有鉴于美国联邦基准利率变动的经验和教训,我国必须增强基准利率的可控性和可测性,加强金融市场的风险监控、货币政策和财政政策的有效配合。     

Exchange rate jumps and exports: Evidence from China

We apply the autoregressive conditional jump intensity (ARJI ) model to monthly exchange rate returns of China against 81 countries and investigate the impact of exchange rate volatility on exports over the period of 1995–2004. We decompose bilateral exchange rate volatility into continuous and discrete components and find that only the discrete part of exchange rate volatility, that is, the exchange rate jumps, has a significantly negative effect on exports, which to some extent reconciles the old yet unsettled debate in previous literature on the role of exchange rate volatility in international trade. There is also some evidence suggesting that the development of domestic financial market will boost international trade, but it does not help attenuate the negative effect of bilateral exchange rate jump risk on exports.