Prospecting for Strategic Advantage: The Proactive Entrepreneurial Personality and Small Firm Innovation

Our study proposed and tested an entrepreneurial process model that examined the interrelationships among a small firm owner's personality, strategic orientation, and innovation. In the first part of the model, it was posited that a proactive personality would directly influence a prospector strategic orientation. This type of strategic orientation would then be a key factor in determining the type of innovations introduced and implemented within the business. Using a sample of 107 small business owners, results revealed that the prospector strategy orientation mediated the relationship between proactive personality and three types of innovations: innovative targeting processes, innovative organizational systems, and innovative boundary supports. Implications for small business managers as well as future research directions are discussed.     

衰退产业的企业创新战略探讨

企业发展直接与其所处的产业生命周期密切相关,衰退产业是一种越来越普遍的产业形态,企业为了摆脱衰退困境,应该树立危机意识,正确识别衰退,认识到以产业转型为核心的战略创新是企业创造竞争优势的主要源泉,并在此基础上结合企业自身特点选择科学的战略创新模式。     

基于衰退产业的企业创新战略探讨

企业发展直接与其所处的产业生命周期密切相关,衰退产业是一种越来越普遍的产业形态,企业为了摆脱衰退困境,应该树立危机意识,正确识别衰退,认识到以产业转型为核心的战略创新是企业创造竞争优势的主要源泉,并在此基础上结合企业自身特点选择科学的战略创新模式。     

战略选择与小企业竞争优势

相对于小企业“要不要”战略而言,小企业制定和选择“什么样”的战略是一个更有现实意义的研究课题,符合小企业竞争优势的小企业战略选择必须对战略类型、战略阶段以及战略涵盖领域等方面所进行的科学权衡。战略选择之所以能导致小企业竞争优势的建立是因为他们之间有着内在的传导机制。     

Product Innovation in Small and Large Enterprises

Innovation networks, establishment characteristics and the regional environment are likely to play different roles in product innovation in enterprises of different size. This paper focuses on the influence of the regional environment on the early adoption of micro-electronic components in product development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises (LEs). Drawing upon existing literature we compare the role of enterprise characteristics, innovation networks and, in particular, the regional environment for an early use of micro-electronic components in product development in SMEs and LEs using a tobit model. Our central hypothesis is that SMEs are more dependent upon their regional environment than LEs for an early adoption. However, this hypothesis is rejected by our empirical results that show that location in a large, dense region has a significant positive effect on product innovation in LEs, while it has a negative but non-significant effect on product innovation in SMEs. Our results imply peripheral regions are able to provide an innovative environment for SMEs, whereas LEs need the richer environment offered by the core regions. The results are also interesting from a policy point of view because they indicate that SMEs can be early users of new technologies even if they are located outside the large urban areas.     

我国中小企业战略管理研究

我国的中小企业已经成为国民经济的重要组成部分,它们的快速健康发展将直接促进我国经济的发展。当前,我国成千上万的中小型企业面临着严峻挑战,他们在单一的市场或有限的几个市场上运作,创建者的经验、个人价值观影响企业战略定位,有着很大的局限性。因此,我国中小企业有必要加强其战略管理,增强企业竞争力,将企业做大做强。     

Perceived Environmental Uncertainty and Innovation in Small Firms

Employing data, from a recent survey of Scottish and Northern English Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), the current paper provides new evidence of the extent to which perceptions of environmental uncertainty (dynamism, complexity and hostility), along a number of dimensions, discriminate between small firms engaged in various levels of product innovation. Drawing, broadly, upon an extended version of the classic Miles and Snow schema, novel innovators appear to be marked by perceptions of uncertainty in market and technological environments, but by perceptions of a relatively certain or benign competitive environment. Moreover, the paper observes some dissimilarities between manufacturing and service firms. For instance, higher levels of innovation in manufacturing firms are associated with higher perceptions of supplier uncertainty, whilst, higher levels of innovation in service firms are associated with higher perceptions of human resource uncertainty.     

Entrepreneurial Characteristics,Strategic Choice and Small Business Performance

Notions of entrepreneurship are central to accepted explanations of small business performance. The majority of studies exploring the growth implications of different entrepreneurial characteristics tend, however, to be partial or lack any formal structural framework. This leads to uncertainty concerning the mechanisms by which different entrepreneurial characteristics influence firm performance and the size of any effect.This paper develops a structural model of the relationships between entrepreneurial characteristics, firms' strategic choices and performance. The determinants of firms' strategic choices are then subjected to extensive empirical analysis. The results suggest a marked difference between the determinants of strategic initiatives related to management and control and those related to products, markets or managerial systems. Firms' propensity to make management and control initiatives depends almost exclusively on the characteristics of the entrepreneur. Firms' propensity to undertake initiatives related to new products, markets or management systems depends partially on the background of the entrepreneur but also reflects the firm's strategic targets, its market position and the likely operating environment.     

中小企业创新网络对技术创新的影响研究

中小企业在促进经济增长、扩大就业方面发挥着重要的作用,而中小企业创新网络的构建,有助于中小企业在网络中获得技术创新的资源,提高企业的创新绩效。为此,界定中小企业创新网络的概念；具体分析中小企业创新网络对企业技术创新的影响,从而建立中小企业创新网络对企业技术创新的影响模型。     

企业战略创新能力相关文献综述

当企业宏观或微观环境发生重大变化时,企业意识到已有的战略需要进行调整或重新制定就显得格外重要。然而企业有意识进行战略创新甚至开展了一系列战略创新活动,并不等于企业就赢得了市场。企业战略创新若想克服各种战略创新障碍并取得战略创新成功,必须在战略创新过程中具备一系列的能力,即战略创新能力。本文将从与战略创新能力相关的核心能力和动态核心能力的角度,对相关文献进行梳理,试图通过既有研究对战略创新能力进行初步阐明。     

破坏性创新的战略利益及风险管理研究

作为一项新的创新理论和战略管理理论,破坏性创新理论站在全新的视角系统地阐述了企业如何通过破坏性创新赢得长期竞争优势,受到了企业家和学者们的普遍重视。本文在探讨企业实施破坏性创新所获得战略利益的基础上,深入分析了实施破坏性创新过程中所面临的各种风险因素,并进一步提出了规避和降低风险的相关策略。     

战略性贸易政策与我国自主创新的发展战略

战略性贸易政策理论兴起于20世纪80年代，它以不完全竞争的市场结构和规模收益递增为理论基础。战略性贸易政策的理论和实证为我国在自主创新过程中实施战略性贸易政策提供了借鉴。在我国自主创新的发展战略中，首要的是要营造以战略性R＆D投入政策为主的战略性政策环境。     

中小商业银行的营销战略选择

加入ＷＴＯ，对于我国商业银行来说，既是机遇也是挑战；而处于相对劣势地位的我国中小商业银行将同时承受来自国内外的竞争压力，他们将面临更加严峻的竞争形势。所以，必须设计出可供我国中小商业银行选择的各种营销战略。     

Antitrust,Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Small Business

The purpose of this article is to discuss a few aspects of antitrust enforcement that are directly related to small businesses. The first point concerns how the antitrust laws work as an economic "charter of freedom" by protecting our economy from the misuse of market power by dominant firms, or from anticompetitive collusion by groups of firms, or from anticompetitive mergers, all of which can blunt the mainspring of our economic success – competitive markets. Second is an expansion on the first theme which focuses on how antitrust enforcement helps preserve two freedoms that I think small businesses care about very much: the freedom to engage in entrepreneurship, and the freedom to innovate. A final discussion involves a few recent cases recently seen at the Antitrust Division that illustrate the many ways in which antitrust enforcement has helped the small business marketplace.     

西方公司经营战略创新的理论分析与思考

在当今充满不确定性和市场竞争不断加剧的全球化变革时代,西方公司经营战略在不断进化,一种基于核心竞争力和关键客户资源的市场经营战略脱颖而出,这种战略在IT行业内称为主流化竞争战略,主流化竞争战略既能使公司赢得竞争优势,也能真正为用户增加社会福利。     

Resource and Capability Constraints to Innovation in Small and Large Plants

In an attempt to enhance firm’s competitiveness, policy initiatives have sought to encourage more firms to innovate, with a particular focus on small firms. The success of such initiatives, however, depends on a clear understanding of the factors that are constraining innovation activity, and whether these differ for firms of different sizes. This paper examines those resources and capabilities that firms identify as constraining their innovation activity, the difference in these for small and larger plants and the actual impact of these perceived constraints on the probability of innovating and the degree of innovation success. Drawing on longitudinal data the paper demonstrates that innovation is an evolutionary process with the constraints to innovation being different for small and larger plants. From a policy perspective, initiatives to overcome constraints to innovation in small plants should extend beyond those of finance to include greater networking opportunities, cost reduction programmes and marketing strategies to increase the profit margin on new products, human resource management practices on implementing change and easier access to information about new technologies. In contrast policies to promote innovation in larger plants should focus on minimising the risk of development and enhancing access to specialist expertise.     

Marketing Innovation in Rural Small Food Industries in Iran

Marketing innovation is essential for small industries to transform products into profit; therefore, understanding its nature and determinants is of utmost importance. This study aimed at understanding marketing innovation and its determinants in the 60 small food industries in the rural areas of Tehran province, Iran. Using a census sampling method, 111 managers of these firms were interviewed. Results showed that the firms’ performance in marketing innovation is generally weak, and a higher level of radical innovation in marketing is perceived compared to the incremental innovation. Also, a cause-and-effect relationship exists between both product and organizational innovations and marketing innovation. Furthermore, while incremental marketing innovation was negatively influenced by formal R&D unit, product diversification, and the manager’s years of experience, radical marketing innovation was affected by the capacity of production, product diversification, and managers’ age and education. The study concluded that in order to boost marketing innovation, innovation should be made also in products and organization. In addition, in order to facilitate the process of marketing innovation, practical and updated training for managers encouraging incremental innovation in marketing, product diversification, and improving R&D activities in the studied firms should be regarded.     

Relationships among Strategic Capabilities and the Performance of Women-Owned Small Ventures

This study of small, life-style ventures owned by women focuses on the strategic, firm-level factors related to business performance. A theoretical model drawing on the resource-based theory is developed and tested empirically. The model includes strategic capabilities, management styles, and their relation to performance. It is tested empirically on a sample of 220 Israeli female business owners. Analysis reveals that life-style venture performance is highly correlated with certain aspects of the business owner's skills as well as the venture&apops;s resources. Paradoxically, the owner/managers in the sample rate their skills and their venture's resources as being weak in precisely those areas that correlate positively with business performance. These findings suggest that performance of life-style ventures owned by women depends more on marketing, financial, and managerial skills than on innovation.     

中小企业引进创业投资策略研究

作为追求高回报、承担高风险的创业投资,在促进中小企业发展的过程中逐步扮演起重要角色。中小企业在引进创业投资解决"资金瓶颈"问题的同时,应重点关注创业投资与资本市场的有机结合,为中小企业的持续和快速发展奠定良好基础,也为创业投资的适时退出和获取高额回报创造条件,从而最终达到中小企业与创业投资双赢的局面。     

基于资源基础论的我国中小企业成长战略研究

企业竞争优势一直是企业战略研究的核心问题,资源基础论从企业内部资源能力角度研究企业的竞争优势。中小企业在我国国民经济中越来越重要,但在市场竞争中却常常处于不利地位。在分析资源论的基础上,从资源的角度提出我国创业型企业实施战略管理的对策,以促进我国创业型中小企业健康快速发展,保持竞争优势。