供应链管理模式下的供应商柔性评价

顾客需求的变化和竞争的加剧使供应链柔性受到了越来越多的关注,供应商的柔性评价是构建柔性供应链的基础。不仅要从耗费指标和范围指标来分析供应商的外在柔性特征,还要从资源储备、制造技术、协调机制、信息系统等几个方面来分析供应商柔性的内在支撑要素,综合内在柔性和外在柔性的分析,才能全面评价出供应商的柔性水平。     

A Cross‐Disciplinary Examination of Firm Orientations’ Performance Outcomes: The Role of Supply Chain Flexibility

Although market orientation (MO) has long been considered an important business philosophy, the examination of MO outside the firm's boundaries has been rather limited. To address this, this study explores how supply chain orientation and operational flexibility (FLX) facilitate the implementation of MO. Although the positive impact of MO on firm performance has been well established, this study highlights that such benefits are enhanced by the development of supply chain related capabilities. Results indicate that market‐oriented firms are more likely to realize the strategic importance of managing the supply chain when operating under conditions of high environmental munificence, dynamism, and complexity. This provides a better understanding of the complex relationship between the demand and supply sides of the firm. This study highlights the importance of marketing theory and concepts to supply chain management scholars, and vice versa. This further accentuates the importance of eliminating the disconnect between supply and demand‐management processes, also described as the “Great Divide” (Drucker 1973; Esper et al. 2010a,b). A number of key managerial implications are offered as well.     

基于供应链柔性的采购契约研究

从供应链采购的重要性出发,提出了供应链柔性的概念,并引出了供应链采购柔性的相关概念,及其重要影响因素-采购契约。分析供应链成员制定的采购契约,研究采购契约的主要参数,并建立了测度供应链柔性的模型,在此基础上推出了采购成本的计算公式。通过算例分析,进一步地研究与分析了主要的契约参数对于供应链柔性的影响状况,加以总结,并指出了进一步的研究方向。     

供应链契约柔性研究

柔性契约的目标是为了应对需求的不确定变化,其形式和内容都具有一定的弹性,提供了许多根据市场变化情况和合同进展情况而定的灵活性选择条款。与传统的确定性契约有很大的不同,柔怀契约主要体现在契约参数设置、契约模型形式、不同契约模型组合以及契约激励机制设计等方面的灵活、多样性。     

战略管理范式的转变与供应链柔性模型

供应链成员企业的战略目标就是与其利益相关的联合体之间创造出一种供应链最大化效应的协同。传统的战略、结构和绩效分析框架只体现了供应链柔性竞争力的方面,要真正实现供应链柔性对于成员企业的价值,必须从代表供应链柔性能力的柔性战略视角去审视供应链。本文正是从这一角度构建供应链柔性模型,并分析了这一模型各变量间的关系及其竞争优势来源。     

基于企业关系的供应链柔性影响因素研究

尽管柔性管理已成为企业适应环境变化战略调整的一部分,但现有研究多集中于对单个企业的生产柔性分析,没有动态地考察企业间视角下不同外部条件的柔性影响因素差异性。在供应链的情景下,柔性的边界从企业内部外延到企业之间,对于柔性的要求不再局限于单个企业内部的生产能力,而且涉及到整个供应链的节点企业的互动。本文从企业间关系的视角阐述了近20年关于柔性从制造柔性到供应链柔性的研究脉络,探讨了供应链柔性的维度和测量,并结合企业间关系理论提出了供应链柔性影响因素,以期对理论研究和提升企业的柔性管理实践具有借鉴意义。     

Determinants of Supplier Willingness to Invest in Supporting a Manufacturer's Line

Abstract

This study examines the significance of supplier's expectation of continuity of its relationship with a manufacturer, perception of manufacturer's reputation, trust in manufacturer's credibility, trust in manufacturer's benevolence, and dependence on manufacturer as determinants of its willingness to invest in supporting a manufacturer's line. Data collected from Malaysian and Korean auto suppliers indicate that expectation of continuity of relationship, manufacturer reputation, and trust in manufacturer's credibility are significant determinants of supplier willingness to invest, while supplier dependence and trust in manufacturer's benevolence are not.     

新冠肺炎疫情对供应链弹性管理的启示

新冠肺炎疫情将对中国产业供应链的持续竞争力形成挑战,使企业面临人力短缺、成本增加、现金流紧张和供应链不确定性增高等问题,在企业供应链的原材料供应、采购管理、生产复工、物流以及市场等方面均会产生一定的负面影响,这对供应链弹性管理提出了新的要求。在政府层面,应建立综合、协同性的产业供应链风险管理和沟通机制,构建基于事件的产业供应链预警体系,保障企业供应链运营的资源体系,推动产业平台和产业集群带动供应链参与者建立供应链弹性体系。在企业层面,应建立基于企业事件的供应链预警体系,根据供应链预警信息和状况,合理规划供应链运营方式,运用数字化能力建设企业供应链弹性体系,稳定供应链运营,提升供应链效率。     

Supplier Role Conflict: An Investigation of Its Relational Implications and Impact on Supplier Accommodation

Existing research on supply chain relationships suggests that one of the underlying tensions between supply chain partners is that of opposing perspectives and goals in the customer?supplier relationship. In today's business world with requirements in constant flux, suppliers are often asked to accommodate “special” requests made by their customers, not part of the contractual agreement. Suppliers frequently fill requests to protect the relationship with the customer, even if they fall outside of what they consider their role as a supplier. Issues of supplier role conflict emerge when customers and suppliers have different views of what the supplier's role should entail. There is little research examining the potential for supplier role conflict in supply chains. Specifically, this research draws on literature from multiple disciplines to consider supplier role conflict that may stem from accommodation and the impact of this role conflict and supplier accommodation on the supply chain relationship and future accommodation behavior. Hypotheses are tested using two scenario‐based experiments. Results suggest that supplier adaptation and flexibility both have positive relational effects. If suppliers perceive accommodation requests as outside of their contracted role, supplier role conflict can have detrimental effects on the supplier's relationship perceptions and their willingness for future accommodation.     

基于资源整合视角的企业生产柔性系统研究

本文构建了基于资源整合视角的企业生产柔性系统,提出了企业生产柔性应该由资源层柔性和能力层柔性扩展到供应层柔性和产业层柔性的观点,认为企业应该搭建资源整合平台,应该注重其在供应链环节间的柔性共生,并提高其在产业集群、产业裂变和产业融合中的柔性度和引擎能力,从而提升企业适应全球市场竞争新范式的能力。     

供应链柔性决策机制的建立

在对供应链的决策机制的研究过程中,大部分都是源于传统的决策理论方法。在传统的决策理论研究领域一般分为两个阵营,一个是基于理性决策研究,另一个是基于行为规则的决策理论研究。对于前者大部研究者在假设决策者是理性的前提下给予了研究,在这个领域里往往会运用博弈论的知识对决策行为给予剖析。但是由于市场环境的复杂多变,使得理性决策有时在一定的条件下存在着极大的局限性。尤其是特定的供应链网络系统内,在面对多个决策主体在空间与时间上的非同步性时,如何对决策者之间的关系进行协调以及时地应对外界环境的变化,从而使供应链整体效益最优,是研究的主要目的。基于规则决策的观点,用群决策支持系统原理(GDSS)为供应链网络设立一种更为柔性化的决策机制。     

供应链管理的条件

在过去的几年中,无论在理论界还是企业界,人们对供应链管理的兴趣正在迅速增长,而且还将继续,原因是几乎全世界都公认实施供应链管理对现代企业增强竞争力有着举足轻重的作用。但是并不是所有的企业都适合进行供应链管理,企业要想成功实施供应链管理是需要具备一些条件的,本文就是提出了笔者认为三点最重要的条件。     

论供应链下对供应商的管理

随着日益激烈的市场竞争和需求的不确定性,企业管理者认识到了在新的历史时期"纵向一体化"的弊端,越来越多的企业开始放弃这种经营模式,取而代之转向了"横向一体化"的经营模式,即采取供应链管理这一崭新的经营模式。本文对供应链、供应链的管理、以及在供应链管理环境下制造商与供应商的关系作了简要论述和探讨。     

也谈供应商管理

在今日企业的经营生产活动中,强调供应链一体化,外购、外协部品在生产工具成本中所占的比例往往占到总成本的一半抑或更高。供应商不单影响生产成本,更决定了企业生产产品的质量与过程的产出率。因此,保证企业在尽可能大的范围内选择并获取优质服务,也保证投标者有一个公平竞争的机会是每个企业必须面对的难题。     

跨组织流程柔性的演化分析

柔性是企业在剧烈变化的环境中求得生存和发展的一个非常重要的因素,有其演化与发展的路径。在分析跨组织流程和演化经济学有关理论的基础上,通过数学建模分析,提出了一个确定跨组织柔性的理论测量模型,揭示了行为要素和状态要素共同决定了跨组织柔性的演化过程。     

基于ML—FCM的供应链内企业间信任构建模型

本文分析了在21世纪市场环境下构建供应链的必要性,指出培养企业间的相互信任是提高供应链管理水平,增加企业合作效率的有效方式。通过对影响供应链内企业间信任的因素进行分析,构建了供应链内企业间信任模型,并在此基础上提出了基于ML—FCM的供应链内企业间信任构建模型。     

合同治理、信任与经销商角色外利他行为：渠道关系柔性与团结性规范的调节作用

根据复合治理理论,文章分别探讨关系型治理中的柔性规范和团结性规范作为调节因素在合同治理和信任对企业角色外利他行为影响中的调节作用以及角色外利他行为对企业自身绩效的影响。文章通过调查获得了158份来自经销商的有效问卷,应用SPSS17.0和AMOS18.0对数据进行分析并对假设进行了检验。结果表明：合同治理促进经销商角色外利他行为,柔性规范对其有正向调节作用;信任对经销商角色外利他行为有正向影响,团结性规范对其有正向调节作用;经销商的角色外利他行为对企业自身的绩效有显著促进作用。文章最后为企业的渠道管理提出了相关建议,并指出未来可能的研究方向。     

制造业供应链评价的质量指标实证研究

本文通过调查中国制造企业全面的质量管理水平,将调查结果应用于灰色关联度理论评价供应商,评价结果显示,全面的质量管理水平指标能够有效地区别企业之间的管理水平差异,优于采用产品合格率指标的评价方法。     

供应链合作及供应商创新投资比较研究

供应链合约能够影响成员的创新投资决策,从而影响供应链整体绩效。当合约用来促进供应链上下游企业间交易并且供应商从事成本降低投资时,通过对供应链合作进行博弈分析,得出不同合约下的供应商创新投资结果及相关结论,同时通过两种合约的比较探讨其适用条件。     

Inquiry and the Practice of Theoretical Conversation: Engaging in Dialogue to Elaborate Hidden Connections

Our goal at JBL is not just to provide a forum for theoretical conversation but also to proactively invite more insightful and interactive conversation. As active inquiry and open dialogue are critical to achieving this goal, we discuss the nature of inquiry and argue for developing the skills and conditions required to promote dialogue over discussion. Only through more profound dialogue can we address the challenges of a tumultuous decision‐making environment, advance theoretical understanding, and improve managerial practice. We then introduce “Dialogue,” a new feature at JBL, which will consist of concise statements of alternative perspectives and diverse views. Through Dialogue, we invite members of the supply chain community to join colleagues in a grand adventure of knowledge discovery. We hope you will agree that the quest for understanding is more fun when we travel the path of discovery together.