促进后向联系:跨国企业与当地供应商的发展

从外国子公司到本国企业的后向联系是东道国提高吸引外资效率的关键;而本国供应商的可得性、成本与质量是决定有效联系的基本要素。通过实地调研外国子公司与当地配套企业联系的具体情况,分析二者后向联系中存在的现实问题,文章提出了相应的政策建议。     

资本国际化进程及其给发展中国家带来的挑战

随着国家间经济联系的加强 ,资本国际化也经历了从无到有 ,从偶尔到经常 ,从少量到大规模的历史过程。资本国际化在提高全球资本配置效率的同时也给各个国家 ,特别是发展中国家带来了一些挑战 ,鉴于此 ,发展中国家既要善于利用资本国际化带来的机遇更要采取有针对性的政策措施防范资本国际化可能带来的冲击     

The Impact of the Multinational in the Development: An Ethical Challenge

Multinational enterprises have continued their increase during the last decades. What these companies do and how they do, determines not only the economic development of countries, but also their social and cultural development. This enormous power implies responsibility and new challenges.If we also take into account the role of multinational enterprises in what has been called sustainable development, we see that their importance is still more decisive.In order to guide the performances of multinational enterprises that operate in developing countries, several supranational organizations like the ILO, the OECD, the EU and the UN have elaborated some recommendations to unify criteria and to set out some minimum standards to favor an integral development of these countries. In this document we present three of those with the greatest impact and we analyze them from the approach of an ethical sustainable human development.     

Impact of Retail Internationalization on Agribusiness: The Case of Ukraine

This article aims to reveal the impact of the retail internationalization process on the Ukrainian agribusiness. Building on an in-depth survey, we delineate major changes that occur owing to the process. Talking about global retailers, an essential part of their business is connected with selling high-quality products. Because (food) quality and thereby food safety processes are considered to be the highest priority, we concentrate on the agri-food business. Our interest in Ukraine is kindled by ongoing verticalization addressed by foreign retailers and imitated by local firms. As a result, overall quality improvements are observed.     

Understanding B2B Supplier Selection Relationships: The Case of Taiwan Agribusinesses

Purpose: This article seeks to investigate the factors impacting the selection of suppliers in the Taiwan agribusiness sector and explore the relative importance of these factors. In addition, it explores the potential differences based on the organization's size and stakeholders (i.e., buyer versus supplier and management versus operational).

Methodology/Approach: This study is exploratory in nature and involves a two-stage process. In the first stage, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 agribusiness professionals in Taiwan to determine the relevance of the current literature about the criteria used in the selection of suppliers in the Taiwan agribusiness industry. The second stage involved 16 case studies with 32 interviews, using information gathered from the first stage.

Findings: Findings revealed that the support of the 22 selection criteria presented in the preliminary framework was important to influencing an organization's selection of suppliers in the Taiwan agribusiness industry. The findings suggest that Taiwan agribusiness buyers consider the financial position of the suppliers and the quality of their managerial teams as critically important in the supplier selection process. There was little indication that the desire for business, geographical location, and repair service were regarded as important criteria for selecting suppliers.

Research Implications/Limitations: The findings of this research have added new insights to the existing literature of B2B supplier selection criteria with the identification of two additional criteria (innovativeness and willingness to cooperate). The exploratory nature of this study and the initial development of a framework of supplier selection within the context of the Taiwan agribusiness industry had constrained the applicability of the findings to other markets and industries.

Practical Implications: The findings highlighted a list of important selection criteria that agribusiness managers can consider during their supplier selection process. In addition, the findings can assist agribusiness managers from supplying organizations to build on their organizations' strengths and capabilities in meeting those important supplier selection criteria so that they can stay ahead in the increasingly competitive agribusiness industry.

Originality/Value/Contribution: By focusing on the agribusiness sector, this study provides insights into a much neglected industry where supplier selection is a crucial issue to many agribusinesses, particularly from the perspective of major buyers in value-adding agribusiness enterprises.     

Internationalization of business angel investments: The role of investor experience

In this study, we examine business angels (BAs)’ appetite for investing abroad and the role played by investment and entrepreneurial experience. To investigate BAs’ propensity to internationalize their investments, we study cross-border deals and culturally distant investments. Using an international sample of US and European BA deals, we find that both individual investment and entrepreneurial experience foster the internationalization of BAs’ investments, consistent with the predictions based upon the local bias theory. When splitting experience into domestic and foreign, we find that the former increases while the latter decreases local bias. When we separate US and European BAs, we find that the experiential background of BAs does not matter in the same way in Europe and in the US: while the general results are confirmed in Europe, both investment and entrepreneurial experience have a reduced impact in the US. We interpret these results in light of the reduced risk aversion of US BAs that lowers transaction costs.     

会展业国际化的难题与对策

本文阐述了我国会展业国际化的必然趋势,分析了国际化进程中面临的困难和挑战,指出了我们与外国公司相比所具有的有利因素。结合实际提出应对国际化挑战的一系列对策,其中特别强调：要探索培育具有中国特色的会展文化,以确立国际化的竞争优势;要与制造业互生共荣,在引领“中国制造”走向世界的过程中实现国际化的使命。     

Internationalization of Clustered Companies and the Influence of Resources: A Case Study on Wine Clusters in Brazil and France

Although the importance of local/regional factors in firms' international competitiveness has been increasingly recognized, few studies have investigated the relationship between clusters and the internationalization process of clustered-firms. This theme assumes special relevance for industries that are predominantly organized in territorial agglomerations, or clusters, as is the case of the wine industry. The objective of this paper is to identify the resources generated by the cluster and analyze their influence in the internationalization process of clustered companies. A case study was carried out on two wine clusters: Provence, in Southern France, and Serra Gaúcha, in Southern Brazil. Resource-based theory provides the underlying analytical framework. Both theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.     

Applying Psychic Distance to Services Internationalization: A Case Study of Thai Caregivers and Japanese Elderly

This study applied psychic distance concept to the internationalization of healthcare service. The findings found that the psychic distances perceived by Japanese elderly and Thai caregivers toward their counterparts were asymmetric and varied across dimensions. Moreover, the respondents’ experience with a country affected their psychic distance toward that country. These findings extend the theoretical lens by clarifying the key characteristics of psychic distance, especially in international service, that psychic distance from service providers’ and recipients’ perspectives affect service expectation and performance. It also suggests practitioners to arrange working environments and training program to satisfy service providers and recipients.     

The Multinational Corporation and Global Governance: Modelling Global Public Policy Networks

Globalization has increased the economic power of the multinational corporation (MNC), engendering calls for greater corporate social responsibility (CSR) from these companies. However, the current mechanisms of global governance are inadequate to codify and enforce recognized CSR standards. One method by which companies can impact positively on global governance is through the mechanism of Global Public Policy Networks (GPPN). These networks build on the individual strength of MNCs, domestic governments, and non-governmental organizations to create expected standards of behaviour in such areas as labour rights, environmental standards, and working conditions. This article models GPPN in the issue area of CSR. The potential benefits of GPPN include better overall coordination among industry and government in establishing what social expectations the modern MNC will be expected to fill. David Detomasi is an assistant professor of international business at the School of Business, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario Canada. His research areas include corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, and business and society.     

国际零售业发展趋势及我国零售业发展的对策

2004年底,我国取消了对外商投资商业企业在地域、股权和数量等方面的限制,中国零售业全面对外资开放。随着跨国零售集团的大举进入,我国零售企业面临严峻的挑战。所以,必须考察在经济全球化条件下世界零售业的发展趋势,从中比较分析中外零售业的竞争优势、劣势,从而采取适当的对策来提升我国零售业的国际竞争力。     

塔河油田与供应商战略合作伙伴关系的构建及实施策略

石油企业的物资采购,多年来与供应商之间的关系仅仅是建立在操作层面上的合作关系,在激烈的全球市场竞争中,越来越多的企业把战略合作伙伴关系作为获取竞争优势的新手段,以应对越来越复杂多变的市场环境,更加有效地保证油田物资的供应。与供应商之间建立战略合作伙伴关系,需要建立一系列的评价方法与管理体系,通过实施以上措施,西北油田分公司与战略供应商实现了平等互信、风险共担、利益共享、互惠互利、共同发展的双赢局面。     

动态网络环境下企业国际化战略转型——基于关系运作与网络演进视角的案例研究

在动态网络环境下,企业国际化行为本质上可以被看成是以跨国机遇发现和价值创造为导向的国际创业的过程,而这一过程中企业关系网络扮演着极为重要的角色.基于对关系网络影响企业国际化机制的分析,文章根据“主动性”网络结构观点和协同演进的思想,构建了关系运作、网络发展与企业国际化成长的协同演进分析框架,企业关系运作行为可以划分为“关系延伸→关系渗透→关系整合”三种演替的形式,而企业的关系网络沿着“本地社会网络-→国际商业网络→全球战略网络”的方向升级,这两者共同融入了企业国际化成长的周期中,并且实质上也是企业国际化行为的重要组成部分.最后结合株洲硬质合金集团有限公司的案例验证了文章理论框架的合理性并给出了相关的政策建议.     

会计国际化对会计监管的影响及其对策

会计国际化对会计监管的影响是双面的。从短期来看,会计国际化给会计监管带来了挑战。从长期来看,会计国际化对会计监管具有一定的促进作用。会计监管必须要适应会计国际化的要求,从而保证会计国际化的成果得以实现。当前,要完善相关基础制度以加强会计监管,并加强国际合作,以实现会计准则国际化向真正的会计国际化的转变。     

零售业国际化发展的趋势和我国企业的对策

目前,国际化发展已经成为世界零售业的一大趋势,国际化经营可以优化资源配置,提高国际竞争力,是零售企业实现规模经营的重要途径。加入WTO后,我国承诺2 0 0 4年底要全面开放零售业。我国零售商业在国际化浪潮中面临着严峻的挑战。我们要把国内、外零售企业进行对比分析,找出差距,才能制定出相应的措施     

中国商法国际化的制度困境和发展路径——以民法典编纂中的国际化得失为镜鉴

商法国际化是对经济全球化下商法国际趋同的制度回应,亦是商法自我发展和民商法体系内部完善的客观要求。受限于商法传统,中国在过去商法国际化的过程中出现了立法理念错位、法律移植障碍和国际化效果欠佳的制度困境,而当前民法典的编纂则进一步加剧了商法国际化所面临的复杂环境。民法典国际化立法所引发的体系矛盾、司法障碍、立法滞后等问题值得商法所镜鉴。在此背景下,构建商法国际化的发展路径应围绕法体系、法理念、法技术三个角度,体系上通过《商法通则》立法来弥补现有民商法体系中商事一般法的缺位问题,理念上通过强调商法的自治属性来为国际化立法提供指导理念,技术上通过拓宽法律移植的对象范围来实现商法移植技术的转型。     

A Global Mining Corporation and Local Communities in the Lake Victoria Zone: The Case of Barrick Gold Multinational in Tanzania

This case explores a Canadian mining corporation, Barrick Gold Corporation (Barrick), and the way it engages with the local communities that surround its mining activities in the Lake Victoria Zone, Tanzania. Following recent organized tensions within several local communities and heightened criticism from those communities [examples of recent discontent from local communities and workers at Barrick Gold Corp in Tanzania: http://www.protestbarrick.net/article.php?id=214; http://www.protestbarrick.net/article.php?list=type&type=12; http://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSN1247233520081212; http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=15263; http://www.miningwatch.ca/index.php?/Tanzania_en/What_Really_Happened (accessed Feb- ruary 25, 2009)], as well as from local media, social lobbyists, and local not-for-profit organizations (NFOs), the case examines the way Barrick has responded to this situation by implementing global corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies in an attempt to strike a balance between its international business capabilities and its localization strategies. In spite of these efforts, tension between Barrick and the local communities within the company??s zone of operations has not abated. This issue has left Barrick??s senior management wondering what more the company could reasonably do to resolve the situation.     

银行跨国并购的效应预期及中国银行国际化战略

作为尚处于跨国并购初级阶段的中国银行业,既要合理预期跨国并购在推进中国银行业产权制度改革、经营管理水平的提高以及资本市场的完善等方面的正面效应,也要合理预期跨国并购在威胁中国经济安全、国有资产流失、资源浪费等方面的负面效应。要成功地实现中国银行的国际化,打造国有银行的强势身份、选择合适的并购东道国以及合适的并购方式、注重发展跨国银行的长期竞争优势是一些有效的战略举措。     

城市经济国际化的策略调整与制度完善——以南京为例的分析

南京实施经济国际化战略已经10年,但从外贸依存度、资本国际化、制造业发展水平与状况等方面考察发现,南京的战略实施虽取得良好绩效,却仍处于相对低的水平.我国城市实施经济国际化战略要取得好的绩效:必须调整目标定位,建设科技型创新城市;调整利用外资的功利目的,重视引进世界先进技术;调整政府宏控重点,完善城市经济国际化的政府引领机制;调整市场规制方向,完善市场法规与保障制度.     

Microenterprises and multiple bank relationships: The case of professionals

The present paper focuses on professionals as a special group of microenterprises. It explains their characteristics and financial relationships, using data from a survey conducted in Germany in 2002. Consistent with the theory of asymmetric information and relationship lending, we find that these firms maintain a small number of bank relationships, which increases in firm size and age. They tend to choose multiple banking relationships to overcome credit rationing and finance larger loans. Credit risk and the structure of the banking market do not seem to matter.