泉州生态旅游资源及其开发利用研究

论述泉州市山海兼备，水陆齐具，生态旅游资源丰富，尤其是文化旅游资源在地域和内容上结合较好，具有较大的开发价值。提出泉州市在适应生态旅游发展的过程中，应坚持保护性开发原则，在开发阶段和运营阶段都要重视资源的保护；根据区域资源特色突出个性开发不同的旅游项目，西北部地区以森林生态游为特色，东南部以滨海生态游为特色；适应“体验经济”对旅游的新要求，增加参与性旅游项目的开发；加强旅游从业人员的教育培训，适应生态旅游发展的要求；多渠道加强宣传促销，让潜在游客在认可泉州文化旅游资源的同时，认可泉州的生态旅游资源，促进泉州生态旅游的可持续发展。     

我国乡村旅游资源评价研究综述

[目的]乡村旅游资源评价是合理开发、科学规划乡村旅游的基础。梳理现有乡村旅游资源评价研究,了解已有研究成果,总结出我国乡村旅游资源评价研究的现状与不足,以期对后续研究及乡村旅游资源的开发与保护提供帮助。[方法]通过文献综合分析法和比较与归纳分析法,从乡村旅游资源评价指标的选取、乡村旅游资源评价方法、评价客体及尺度、评价后指导方向等方面对乡村旅游资源评价研究文献进行汇总分析。[结果](1)乡村旅游资源评价指标体系的构建基本遵循相同的原则,在此基础上,对其评价要素、层次结构和评分标准进行重新修订,选择不同的影响因子和特征值构建相应的评价模型。(2)目前对于乡村旅游资源的评价方法采用更多的是定性与定量方法相结合的层次分析法(简称AHP法)。(3)评价研究区域范围已涵盖中国多省域单元;评价尺度不同,评价客体数目侧重有所不同,省市级尺度评价客体数目多为单客体,景区、景点级评价客体数目侧重多客体,而县乡村级尺度,根据自身研究目的不同,单客体和多客体各有研究。(4)根据评价结果提出的指导建议较多地从注重自身观赏价值、特色文化内涵保护、基础设施建设、政策支持和完善投融资渠道等方面,根据具体评价地区、具体评价结果,分重要性先后次序给出合理化的旅游资源开发利用建议。[结论]在目前的乡村旅游资源评价中,评价方法总体略显单一;评价指标体系对生态环境补偿能力的关注较少;在时间跨度上的指标动态监测和整体评价监测方面欠缺。     

滇东南旅游资源评价与开发

滇东南是云南省继滇西北之后的第二块重要旅游开发区，文章对滇东南旅游资源详细调查、分类、区划及评价，运用现代区域旅游发展理论，提出了滇东南旅游资源开发的战略目标、指导思想、开发原则及开发的对策和措施。     

借鉴无锡经验加快兵团旅游业的发展

本文主要就无锡旅游业取得的成功经验进行了分析，并就进一步发展兵团旅游业提出了创新旅游资源观，拓展发展空间；创新旅游开发观，深化招商引资；创新旅游产品观，加快资源开发；加强旅游宣传促销，大力开拓客源市场；加快旅游要素发展，大力夯实产业支撑；东西部合作，联合走西口，共创旅游业新天地的具体建议。     

日照市旅游资源分类、评价及开发布局

日照市拥有丰富的自然及人文旅游资源,本文按照《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》中的相关规定,对日照市旅游资源进行了分类、评价和分析,并在此基础上提出开发对策,架构体系完备的开发空间布局.     

鄂东南湘东北交接地带旅游资源联合开发探讨

鄂东南湘东北交接地带旅游资源知名度高、互补性强且成组团式集聚，旅游客源市场相似，区住交通条件好，特色旅游商品丰富，非常有利于旅游资源联合开发；在区域旅游业发展中，该地带面临日益被边缘化的趋势、在旅游开发方向上雷同现象严重、在对外旅游宣传上各自为政等一些问题；提出要理顺好区域旅游管理的协调机制、联合开拓旅游市场、联合普查旅游资源、开发特色旅游商品。     

石龙山国家森林公园旅游资源及市场营销策略

通过对石龙山森林公园的旅游资源进行分类评价，结合石龙山森林公园的旅游资源特点及开发现状，从目标市场营销策略、促销战略、公共关系三方面进行了策划，进而把石龙山森林公园建设成为集观光游览、休闲度假、健身疗养、娱乐、科普教育于一体的综合型生态型森林公园。     

黑龙江省滑雪旅游的可持续发展

黑龙江省滑雪旅游资源丰富，发展滑雪旅游是发展地方经济的一条新途径；既要开发，又要保护环境；分析了开发中存在的问题；提出滑雪旅游事业可持续发展的对策。     

中卫市旅游资源分类、评价及开发布局

宁夏中卫市旅游资源具有鲜明特征,对其旅游资源进行分类与优劣势评价,构建旅游资源开发布局,设计市内外旅游线路。     

新发展理念下对新疆沙漠旅游产业开发的思考

新疆沙漠资源、历史文化与风土民情的结合使沙漠旅游具有广阔的市场前景。基于新发展理念，从时间维度与空间维度、发展优劣势基础上分析新疆沙漠旅游开发问题，通过新理念下对沙漠旅游产业开发的三种模式分析提出相应的对策。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.