长寿之乡,养生有道

养生之道,源于自然;栖居之道,在乎山水。优美的环境、纯朴的民风、和谐的社会,使文登成为全国13个＂长寿之乡＂之一。全市80岁以上的老人有20799人,占到了全市总人口的3.55%,其中百岁以上老人52人,被中央电视台节目称为＂中国最新成长的长寿之地＂。     

长寿风险证券化研究综述

随着人口寿命的不断延长,长寿风险已经成为政府、企业和个人所面临的一种日益严重的社会风险。近年来各方推出了应对长寿风险的解决方案,本文梳理了其中的一种创新解决方法——长寿风险证券化。本文说明了该方法的必要性;介绍了长寿风险证券化工具的主要工具;梳理了长寿风险债券及其衍生品的定价研究及其相关应用。最后给出的结论和建议。     

Poverty in a Wealthy Economy: the Case of Nigeria

This paper describes the nature and evolution of poverty inNigeria between 1985 and 1992. It begins with the potentialwealth of Nigeria's oil economy and examines how the economicpolicies pursued in the 1980s and 1990s impacted economic growthand welfare. It then presents a profile of poverty in both 1985and 1992 according to different socioeconomic characteristicsof the country's population. The headcount measure of povertyin Nigeria declined from 43 to 34% between 1985 and 1992, primarilydue to a 34% increase in mean per capita household expenditures.The benefits of growth were not shared equally throughout thecountry. The bottom 18% of the income distribution had a lowerstandard of living in 1992 compared with 1985 by any measure.However, all other income groups had a higher standard of livingin 1992. Household expenditure growth was fastest in the southernand middle zones of the country, but it was much slower in thenorthern zone. Poverty in Nigeria, in addition to its overwhelminglyrural and regional characteristics, is also strongly influencedby education, age and the nature of employment. Those withoutan education constitute a large fraction of the poor and theextreme poor. Decomposing the factors causing the reductionin poverty shows that the overall decline of 8.9% was the netresult of a 13.6% decline due to the growth factor and a 4.7%increase due to the income distribution factor. Based on thisanalysis, the paper proposes that promoting broad-based growthand targeted interventions in health, education and infrastructureneed to be central strategies in the fight against poverty inNigeria.     

The Foreign Exchange Rate Exposure of Nations

Following the well-known approach by Adler and Dumas (Financ Manage 13(2):41–50, 1984), we evaluate the foreign exchange rate exposure of nations. Results based on data from 27 countries show that national foreign exchange rate exposures are significantly related to the current account and financial account balance variables of corresponding economies.     

丰盛：长寿之乡，灵动之乡

丰盛古镇是名声远扬的“长寿之乡”,这里虽小,却是很多人心中的人间天堂。令不少人不惜路途遥远,前来寻求人杰地灵的真谛。     

The theory of international trade among industrial Nations

Zusammenfassung Die Theorie des internationalen Handels zwischen Industriel?ndern. — Ein gro▾er Prozentsatz des internationalen Handels der Industriel?nder wird unter den Industriel?ndern abgewickelt. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt, da▾ die Neo-Technologietheorie und die Produktdifferenzierungstheorie des internationalen Handels von Industriegütern komplement?r sind. Sie werden hier zur Theorie der ?Linder-Güter? zusammengeführt. Diese Theorie wiederum mu▾ — wie dargelegt wird — in eine mehrdimensionale Faktorproportionentheorie integriert werden, wenn sie die Handelsstr?me zwischen den Industriel?ndern erkl?ren soll.

---

R ésumé La théorie du commerce international parmi les nations industrielles. —Un grand pourcentage du commerce international total des pays industriels s'écoule avec des autres pays industriels. Cet article démontre que la néo-théorie de technologie et la théorie des biens différenciés du commerce international avec des biens manufacturiers sont des théories complémentaires. Elles sont fusionnées dans une théorie composée des ?biens Linder?. L'auteur démontre qu'il faut intégrer cette théorie avec une théorie multi-dimensionelle des proportions des facteurs si elle devrait expliquer les structures du commerce parmi les nations industrielles.

---

Resumen La teoría del comercio internacional entre naciones industrializadas. — Un gran porcentaje del comercio internacional entre países industrializados se efectúa con otros países industrializados. Este artículo muestra que la neo-teoría tecnologia y la teoría de bienes diferenciados del comercio internacional en productos manufacturados son complementarias. Ellas se fusionan en una teoría compuesta de ?bienes de Linder?. Se muestra que esta teoría necesita ser integrada con una teoría de proporción de factores multidimensional si es que ha de considerar los patrones del comercio entre países industrializados.

     

Can a Wealthy Economy Gain from an EU Membership? Adjustment Costs and Long Term Welfare Effects of Full Integration—The Norwegian Case

We employ a large scale macroeconometric model to study adjustment problems and long term welfare effects of a Norwegian EU-membership. Accession costs depend significantly on the country's level of GDP, the size of its agricultural sector and tariff and VAT revenues as these elements determine the net membership contribution. Without the transfers, integrating the economy into EU generates a small welfare gain. This result is strongly affected by a long period with under-utilisation of resources. With the net contribution included, we identify a welfare loss. This is especially so if fiscal policy is changed to maintain the public sector budgetary balance.     

第二届人口老龄化长寿化国际研讨会海南澄迈宣言

2012年9月5-6日,东北亚经济论坛、海南省政府、中国社会经济系统分析研究会在海南省澄迈县共同举办了“第二届人口老龄化长寿化国际研讨会”。会前中国全国人大常委会原副委员长蒋正华和海南省省长蒋定之会见了与会外宾。东北亚经济论坛主席赵利济主持开幕式,海南省常务副省长谭力致欢迎词。会议宣读了中国国务院副总理回良玉、日本前首相海部俊树、     

Book Review: Disease and the Destiny of Nations

Book reviewed in this article: Tony Barnett and Alan Whiteside, Aids in the Twenty‐First Century: Disease and Globalisation     

Economics as Theology: Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations may be read as a work of natural theology similar in general style to Newton's Principia. Smith's ambiguous use of the word “nature” and its cognates implies an intended distinction between a positive sense in which “natural” means “necessary” and a normative sense in which “natural” means “right.” The “interest” by which humans are motivated is “natural” in the first sense, but it may not bring about social outcomes that are “natural” in the second sense. It will do so only if the social institutions within which agents seek their own “interest” are well formed. Smith provides a large-scale, quasi-historical account of the way in which well-formed institutions gradually develop as unintended consequences of private “interest.” In so doing, he provides a theodicy of economic life that is cognate with St. Augustine's theodicy of the state as remedium peccatorum. “If a great book such as Smith's Wealth of Nations is read repeatedly, on even a fifth or a tenth reading one continues to learn new things. I doubt whether anyone will ever fully apprehend all the things that Smith wished to express, and there is even more to learn from an interesting mind than its owner wished to teach us.” George Stigler (1982, p. 108)     

Saving for retirement: The U.S. case

This paper discusses the personal saving behavior and the retirement behavior of households in the United States. It shows that a typical U.S. household owns virtually no financial savings even at ages approaching retirement. Most personal saving is in the form of housing equity, which, however, is not decumulated during retirement and thus cannot be counted on as retirement wealth. Saving for retirement is largely conducted by corporations and government through pension plans and Social Security. It also presents evidence indicating a relatively large impact on the Individual Retirement Account program on personal savings. The paper casts doubts on the applicability of the pure life-cycle saving hypothesis for the U.S. households. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 1988, 2(4), pp. 385–416. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.     

中国学生国外留学低龄化之社会学分析

我国出国留学生低龄化的趋势与改革开放以来的富民政策有关,使得少数富裕起来的人群的孩子有可能远渡重洋留学国外,同时这一趋势和现象又有着深层次的社会学原因.用恩格尔定律、恩格尔系数和基尼系数分析,为了应对教育国际化浪潮对我国基础教育的冲击,我国教育应提高竞争力,提高教育质量和水平.     

建筑节水措施分析

分析了水资源的现状和存在的问题,从供水、用水、再利用等方面提出了建筑节水方法和措施。认为,减少泄漏,控制超压出流,使用节水型便器与节水型淋浴设施以及对水资源的再生利用可以实现建筑节水的目的。     

玩转成人玩具

在中国传统思想中,玩具或许只属于儿童时代,对成人玩玩具多少带有一点玩物丧志的态度.其实成人玩具在国外早已发展,在美国,逾40%的玩具是为成人设计制造的.在日本,据某项调查,年龄在18-69岁之间的成年人,84%至少拥有一个卡通玩具,其中近半数者每人竟有20个以上的玩具.看看你身边的成年人,现在越来越多的人在玩成人玩具,这是一种时尚、一种流行,更是一种自我享受的快乐.