地方依恋、游客满意与游客环境责任行为

文章综合地方依恋、游客满意及环境责任行为理论,构建了地方依恋、游客满意与游客环境责任行为之间的关系研究模型。实证研究表明:(1)地方依赖和地方认同均直接影响游客满意;(2)地方依赖和地方认同均直接影响游客环境责任行为;(3)游客满意直接影响游客环境责任行为;(4)游客满意在地方依恋各维度与游客环境责任行为关系中均起到部分中介作用;(5)游客满意在地方依赖与游客环境责任行为关系中起到正向调节作用;(6)游客满意在地方认同与游客环境责任行为关系中起到负向调节作用。     

道德认同还是道德推脱？——旁观者视角下国家公园游客环境态度与亲环境行为关系研究

国家公园在为生态旅游活动提供场所的同时，也承受着游客不文明行为所带来的负面环境影响。文章基于社会认知理论，从旁观者视角探讨他人不文明行为与游客道德认知在环境态度与亲环境行为关系间的调节机制。文章以武夷山国家公园的326名游客为样本，运用结构方程模型分析进行假设检验，研究发现：（1）他人不文明行为对游客环境态度和亲环境行为具有调节作用，当他人不文明行为较少时，环境态度对亲环境行为的正向影响更强；（2）他人不文明行为负向影响道德认同，正向影响道德推脱；（3）道德认同和道德推脱对环境态度与亲环境行为的关系具有调节作用，当游客产生道德认同倾向时，能够增强环境态度对亲环境行为的正向影响，而当其产生道德推脱倾向时，这种正向影响被削弱；（4）道德认同和道德推脱中介了他人不文明行为对环境态度和亲环境行为关系的调节效应。文章为游客环境态度与亲环境行为的关系研究提供了新的视角，进一步拓展了游客不文明行为和道德认知的作用机制研究范畴，也可为国家公园管理部门在游客行为管理和道德认知引导两方面提供实践启示。     

触“景”会生“情”吗？——旅游体验场景和目的地熟悉度对游客地方依恋的影响

游客体验到的旅游目的地环境因素对其与旅游目的地之间的情感联结有重要的影响。该研究提出旅游体验场景的概念，并实证考察其物理维度、社会维度、社会象征维度、自然维度以及目的地熟悉度对游客地方依恋的影响。研究以丽江为例，采用问卷调研法，收集到422份有效问卷，运用结构方程模型对研究模型进行检验。研究发现，旅游体验场景的社会象征要素和自然要素对地方认同和地方依赖均有显著的正向影响；物理要素对地方认同有显著的正向影响，但对地方依赖的影响不显著。社会要素对地方认同和地方依赖的影响均不显著。目的地熟悉度对地方认同和地方依赖有显著的正向影响。旅游体验场景和目的地熟悉度的交互项对地方依恋的影响不显著。最后，根据研究结论总结了管理启示，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

乡村旅游景观认知对重游意愿的影响——基于目的地依恋和游客满意度的链式多重中介效应分析

<正>文章以广东省乡村旅游游客为研究对象，基于“认知—情感—行为”理论和自我调节态度理论，构建目的地依恋与游客满意度的链式多重中介模型，研究乡村景观认知对重游意愿的影响，使用自制量表收集数据，应用SPSS 26和AMOS 24软件对研究模型进行实证分析。结果表明：(1)乡村景观认知对重游意愿存在显著的正向影响；(2)乡村景观认知正向影响目的地依恋，目的地依恋正向影响重游意愿；(3)乡村景观认知正向影响游客满意度，游客满意度正向影响重游意愿；(4)目的地依恋和游客满意度在乡村景观认知与重游意愿之间存在链式多重中介效应。文章深入探究游客旅游行为动机和心理机制，可以为制定乡村旅游营销策略提供理论基础，有利于提高乡村旅游服务质量。     

游客心理契约对旅游地品牌资产的影响研究——以河南洛阳老君山风景区为例

旅游地品牌资产作为旅游地竞争的重要手段,是对旅游地营销效果的反映,同时也是旅游地未来能否获取收益的重要因素。为了探究短视频营销下游客心理契约的履行与旅游地品牌资产之间的关系,文章以洛阳栾川老君山景区游客为调查对象,通过线上线下相结合的方式进行问卷调查,引入感知价值、游客价值共创行为作为中介变量,自我目的地联结作为调节变量,构建了一个有调节的中介效应模型。运用结构方程模型进行实证检验后发现：关系型心理契约和交易型心理契约均直接正向影响旅游地品牌资产;感知价值和游客价值共创行为在关系型心理契约和旅游地品牌资产中起着中介作用,感知价值在交易型心理契约和旅游地品牌资产中具有中介作用;自我目的地联结正向调节感知价值和旅游地品牌资产之间的关系,同时也调节了感知价值在心理契约(关系型心理契约和交易型心理契约)与旅游地品牌资产之间的中介作用。     

旅游虚拟社区用户参与对忠诚的倒"U"形作用机理

鉴于网络用户易转移性使得旅游网站用户粘性普遍不高,以旅游虚拟社区为背景,自我决定理论及四层次消费者认知结构模型为基础,结合半结构式访谈及情境问卷深入探讨用户参与对网络用户忠诚的作用机理,并试图打开虚拟社区归属感及服务个人价值在其中的影响黑箱.研究发现:参与广度对用户忠诚存在倒"U"形影响;归属感分别对参与广度、深度与忠诚的关系有显著调节作用.安宁生活价值和社会融合价值在用户参与与忠诚间存在显著中介作用;虽然社会认同价值与忠诚存在相关关系,但对用户参与与忠诚关系的中介作用不显著.因此,旅游企业可以适时引导用户参与,强化用户影响力,并根据不同用户类型进行粉丝营销.     

旅游者满意与旅游者忠诚的关系研究——观光旅游者与乡村旅游者比较分析

旅游者忠诚是旅游市场研究的重要内容,对于旅游地市场开发意义重大。文章通过对观光旅游者与乡村旅游者调查获取丰富基础数据,比较分析旅游者满意与旅游者忠诚之间的关系及其差异性。研究发现,无论是观光旅游者还是乡村旅游者,旅游者满意对其忠诚的重游倾向、口碑宣传二维度具有显著正向影响,重游倾向与口碑宣传存在递进关系,而在旅游者满意与其忠诚的寻找替代旅游地维度的关系上,两种类型旅游者存在显著差异,观光旅游者满意对寻找替代旅游地具有显著正向影响,乡村旅游者满意对寻找替代旅游地具有显著负向影响。文章最后提出了相应管理启示,指出了研究局限及未来研究方向。     

中国传统古村镇品牌个性特征对游客重游意愿的影响研究——以束河古镇、周庄古镇、阆中古镇和平遥古镇为例

塑造品牌个性是企业获得消费者忠诚、保持战略优势的关键,而再游意愿是旅游业消费者忠诚最重要的维度之一,研究再游意愿与品牌个性的关系具有十分重要的现实价值。文章以享誉中外的束河古镇、周庄古镇、阆中古镇和平遥古镇为背景,在“仁和”、“时新”、“高雅”、“诚信”和“智慧”5个品牌个性维度上,采用单因素方差统计技术对游客的再游意愿进行对比分析,从中找出影响游客再游意愿的关键因素。研究发现,重游意愿较高的束河古镇与其余3个古镇在“仁和”和“时新”这两个维度上存在显著差异,在“高雅”、“诚信”和“智慧”3个维度上并不存显著差异。     

品牌契合对品牌关系质量和重购意向的影响

随着市场环境和技术的发展,品牌沟通已从"打扰时代"进入"契合时代".顾客不仅可以与旅游品牌进行互动和共创价值,而且在品牌推荐、共享体验等非交易性行为方面发挥了重要作用.在此背景下,品牌契合成为旅游企业提升品牌绩效和获取竞争优势所必需的战略要求.该研究以酒店和旅行社两类旅游品牌为例,探讨旅游品牌契合的结构及其对品牌关系质量和重购意向的影响.实证研究发现,旅游品牌契合是一个包括认同、关注、激情、专注和互动5个维度的二阶构念,品牌契合对品牌关系质量各维度均具有显著的正向影响,并通过影响品牌关系质量正向影响重购意向.最后,对旅游企业如何更好地进行品牌契合管理提出了管理建议,并就未来研究方向进行了展望.     

游客间互动对再惠顾意愿的影响研究——基于游客体验的视角

同顾客与员工、顾客与服务环境之间的互动研究相比,服务接触中顾客间互动的研究明显匮乏,这也逐渐成为了服务接触理论进一步深化研究的关键领域。文章基于顾客体验的视角,构建并实证检验了游客间互动对游客再惠顾意愿影响的概念模型,发现了游客间互动的4个维度在影响游客体验价值各层面上存在的差异性以及体验价值的不同维度在游客间互动对再惠顾意愿影响中的不同中介作用：礼仪违背、友好交谈对情感性、认知性、社会性体验价值有显著影响,并间接影响游客的再惠顾意愿;一方面干扰和争执对功能性、情感性体验价值有显著的负向影响,建议与帮助对体验价值的4个维度有显著正向影响,进而间接影响游客的再惠顾意愿,另一方面干扰与争执对再惠顾意愿有直接的负向影响,建议与帮助对再惠顾意愿有直接正向影响作用。此外,有效辨识出各人口统计变量的不同水平对各研究变量影响的差异。这对于旅游企业开展良好的顾客关系管理具有重大的指导意义和价值。     

Investigating emotional commitment towards a region and a hotel brand

This study examines emotional commitment, brand identification and place attachment’s role in hotel brand loyalty and subsequent behavioral intentions. Data for the study stemmed from 823 quantitative and qualitative responses to an online questionnaire by Finnish customers of a Finnish hotel chain. K-Means cluster analysis identified three customer commitment levels, which along with qualitative comments enhance understanding emotional commitment and its role in hotel brand loyalty. A specific place, Lapland, in the hotel’s brand name helps extend place attachment and introduce the concept of brand identification with Lapland’s geographic region. The customer cluster most emotionally committed to the hotel brand also reported the strongest commitment to the Lapland region.     

How does brand loyalty interact with tourism destination? Exploring the effect of brand loyalty on place attachment

The research examines to what extent emotional place attachment is impacted by people's feelings towards international companies associated with the place, and what mechanism and conditions drive such effects. The research draws on the feelings-as-information perspective and empirically tests the relationships in three international multi-method studies. The results demonstrate that brand loyalty plays a key role in place affective image and emotional place attachment. The study theorizes and empirically shows the importance of affect, authenticity, and cultural distance in such relationships. Critically, it enriches understanding of brand–place relationships and identify key boundary conditions. Tourism marketers need to appropriately manage perceptions of local brands' authenticity and consider cultural distance when designing destination campaigns in their efforts to strengthen place attachment.     

Place attachment as a mediator of the relationship between nature-based recreation benefits and future visit intentions

This study examined the theoretical relationships between consumers’ perceived benefits, place attachment and future visit intentions (FVI) at nature-based recreation and tourism areas, utilizing importance and performance concepts. The desired benefits and perceived attained benefits of consumers were treated as an antecedent to place attachment and FVI in structural models. Results of two separate structural models tests using responses from 934 visitors at the Ocala National Forest in Florida, USA, confirmed that place attachment fully mediates the relationship between benefits desired and FVI, while place attachment partially mediates the relationship between benefits attained and FVI. The former verifies the significant role of place attachment, and the latter validates the importance of place attachment as well as recreation benefit attainment in predicting visitors’ FVI. These findings suggest that both benefits desired and benefits attained are important predictors of place attachment and behavioral intentions. Accordingly, tourism and recreation planners and managers need to provide visitors with recreation opportunities, which maximize visitors’ ability to attain recreation benefits, such as nature exploration, physical fitness and escape. These managerial initiatives would result in increasing visitors’ emotional attachments and intentions to revisit.     

The Mediating Effect of Virtual Interactivity in Travel-Related Online Social Network Websites

ABSTRACT

This study develops and empirically tests a virtual interactivity (VI) framework in the context of travel-related online social network (OSN) websites. Data was collected from 236 respondents. The findings reveal that system quality, psychological benefits, brand awareness, and reward activities positively affect VI in OSN websites. In return, VI positively influences brand image, brand attachment, and brand evaluation. The results also indicate that brand image was positively related to both brand attachment and brand evaluation. This is one of the few studies in this area of research and results provide theoretical and practical implications in relation to building brand image, brand evaluation, and brand attachment for travel-related OSN websites.     

山地旅游者人格特质如何影响环境负责任行为——以地方依恋与解说满意度为中介变量

旅游者环境负责任行为是可持续旅游目的地管理的重要议题。本文以武夷山国家公园为案例地,尝试将地方依恋和解说满意度作为中介变量,通过对旅游者的问卷调查,分析山地旅游者人格特质对环境负责任行为的影响机制。结果表明：（1）人格特质对环境负责任行为的影响存在3条路径,分别是直接影响、通过地方依恋间接影响和通过地方依恋和解说满意度的链式中介作用影响;（2）旅游体验具身理论视角下,人格特质、地方依恋、解说满意度分别通过身心主体性、情境连接性和感知深度性作用于旅游者环境负责任行为。本研究揭示了山地旅游者人格特质对环境负责任行为的驱动机制,丰富了旅游体验具身理论在环境负责任行为生成机制方面的应用,对山地旅游可持续发展具有一定的启示意义。     

Branding the destination versus the place: The effects of brand complexity and identification for residents and visitors

This article contributes to a broader understanding of how the branding of places affects both residents and tourists. While branding often relies on simplified messages, the effectiveness of such strategies for complex brands remains questionable. Residents in particular possess a confounded knowledge of the place and could disagree with simplified destination brands. To test the role of brand complexity for residents and tourists, we conducted two empirical studies (N = 765; N = 385), showing that, for residents, positive place attitude (i.e., place satisfaction, identification, and attachment) and place behaviour (i.e., positive word-of-mouth) increase with a higher brand complexity. The second study shows that the positive relationship of brand complexity is stronger for residents than for tourists, supporting the conclusion that brand complexity is relevant for place brands, but that the place brand for residents requires more complexity than a destination brand, while it imperative that both are integrative parts of an overall brand.     

Destination brand personality and destination brand attachment – the involvement of self-congruence

Drawn upon the brand attachment theory, this study examines the role of destination brand personality (DBP) and self-congruence in developing destination brand attachment (DBA) from the perspective of tourists. In particular, the study investigates whether DBP tends to match tourists’ ideal self or conforms more to the actual self during the DBA development process. The conceptual model is empirically tested with a sample of Chinese independent tourists in Yangshuo, China, a popular destination for this market segment. In addition to identifying the four DBP dimensions relevant to Yangshuo, the most important findings of this study rest on the mediating role of self-congruence between DBP and DBA. These findings suggest that congruence between the actual self and the DBP dimensions of Excitement and Charming contribute to the development of DBA, while the ideal self-congruence does not.     

The effects of customers’ perceptions of brand personality in casual theme restaurants

Although existing studies recommend that restaurant chains develop and communicate salient brand personalities, no research to date provides empirical evidence that perceptions of unique brand personality by consumers lead to positive outcomes in the restaurant business. Therefore, using a sample of 336 adults, this research models the causal relationships between brand personality perceptions, brand preference, attitudinal loyalty, and positive word-of-mouth (W-O-M) behavior for the Olive Garden and Chili's restaurant chains. It was found that for both chains, brand personality perceptions have a positive effect on brand preference and attitudinal loyalty, brand preference has a positive impact on attitudinal loyalty, and attitudinal loyalty has a positive influence on positive word-of-mouth (W-O-M) communication. In addition, for the Olive Garden and Chili's brands, it was also found that there is a direct link between brand preference and word-of-mouth behavior.     

A multilevel synthesis of subjective and objective measures of foodservices in the experience process

This study develops a multilevel framework that connects customer-to-customer (C2C) interaction quality to brand attachment through customer experience. Two food traits—uniqueness and taste—and service quality are posited to play different roles in this link. This research contributes to the literature on the effects of food traits and service on the experience creation process at upscale restaurants. By including both objective measures from user-generated ratings and subjective measures from customer evaluations of restaurant dining, this research sheds new light on the cross-level direct and moderating effects on the experience creation process, and thus answers the question of when and how this process is contingent on food traits and service of different dining outings. It further contributes to the brand attachment literature by revealing the cross-level moderated mediating effect of customer experience on customer emotional connection to a restaurant brand.     

Brand personality of Airbnb: application of user involvement and gender differences

ABSTRACT

In this study we utilized the concept of brand personality to determine how travelers perceived Airbnb as a lodging brand and investigated the effect of involvement level (low versus high) on view of brand personality. As a viable segmentation variable, this study also utilized the interaction effect to examine how gender affects consumers’ involvement level. Significant differences were observed between travelers with high and low involvement in terms of the dimensions of sincerity, excitement, competence, and ruggedness. In addition, we found the interaction effect to be significant, indicating that level of involvement is higher in female travelers than in male travelers. This research will provide meaningful marketing insights for target marketing and positioning based on consumer involvement and gender within the context of Airbnb.