多小区块对角化的MMSE矢量扰动预编码

针对多小区基站协作的多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中,小区之间和用户之间的干扰对系统造成的性能降低的问题,提出了基于块对角化的最小均方误差（MMSE）矢量扰动预编码方案,实现多小区系统的性能改善。首先使用块对角化方法消除多小区间干扰;在预编码设计环节上,通过MMSE准则设计预编码矩阵,从而抑制病态信道对系统性能的影响;最后使用格基规约方法求解发射端矢量扰动信号。仿真表明,提出的算法提高了多小区矢量预编码的误码率性能,使其优于已有的块对角化及矢量扰动预编码等算法的误码率。     

大规模MIMO系统中的一种自适应SIC检测算法

与传统系统相比,大规模多入多出（MIMO）系统能更加有效地提高频谱效率。利用传统的最小均方误差（MMSE）信号检测算法求解大规模MIMO系统,虽然检测结果接近最优,但是矩阵的求逆运算导致计算的复杂度非常高。提出了一种自适应排序干扰消除（SIC）检测算法,在逐次超松弛（SOR）迭代运算的基础上,通过干扰消除降低待检测矩阵的维度。通过仿真分析,得出所提算法的复杂度低于Jacobi、SOR检测算法,且在迭代次数较少的情况下,算法的误码率（BER）性能明显优于SOR检测算法。     

短波通信多组空时编码中等效MIMO模型ZF解码

面向短波通信提出了多组空时编码(MGSTC)的一种等效多输入多输出（MIMO）模型迫零（ZF）解码算法。该算法以降低运算复杂度为目的,将原多时隙MIMO系统拆分为多个多时隙单输入多输出（SIMO）系统并分别等效为多个新的单时隙MIMO系统模型,通过各自左乘等效信道矩阵的共轭转置后进行最大比合并（MRC）以及ZF解码获得发送信号估计值,避免了球形解码（SD）中对高阶矩阵的QR分解。仿真结果表明,与虚拟MIMO模型SD解码算法相比,等效MIMO模型ZF解码算法在误码率（BER）性能1 dB损耗的情况下,运算量降低一个数量级以上。     

基于块对角化的格基规约GMD矢量预编码

研究了对多用户多输入多输出下行链路进行块对角化后,使用格基规约算法的几何均 值分解矢量预编码的实现方法。根据块对角化思想将多用户多天线信道分解为等价并行子信 道,基于等价子信道给出了单个用户的几何均值分解矢量预编码的传输方案,通过使用格基 规约算法分别结合连续干扰消除和垂直分层空时编码两种方法,求解矢量预编码中的扰动矢 量。仿真表明,提出的方法误码率性能优于块对角化矢量预编码算法2 dB以上,而且能在不 降低系统性能的前提下降低计算复杂度。     

多载波系统中一种基于预编码的改进PAPR降低方案

针对多载波系统中峰均功率比（Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR）普遍较高的问题,首先给出预编码技术抑制PAPR的基本思路和预编码矩阵的一般性设计规则;然后将降低信号峰值的问题转化为在信号瞬时功率均值不变的条件下最小化信号瞬时功率方差的优化问题;最后,为了使预编码矩阵能够联合改善载波的相位和发送信号的非周期自相关性以提高PAPR的抑制效果,基于梯度搜索算法提出一种将非周期自相关性和相位共同优化的算法求解上述最小化问题,通过互补误差函数（Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function,CCDF）表示对PAPR的抑制效果。仿真结果表明,该算法在不影响甚至稍微提高系统误码率性能的前提下,相比于预编码方法改善约0.8 dB。     

基于字典学习的毫米波大规模MIMO系统混合预编码

针对毫米波大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）系统混合预编码方案设计的难题,采用字典学习的思想,提出了一种高精度混合预编码方案。该方案首先对全数字预编码矩阵的各列采用稀疏表示;进而按列将字典原子从稀疏表示中分离出来,通过对误差矩阵采用奇异值分解（SVD）来更新对应的字典原子,直到所有字典原子更新,以形成新的字典矩阵;最后,利用更新后的字典矩阵稀疏重构全数字预编码矩阵,以得到模拟预编码矩阵和数字预编码矩阵。仿真结果表明,相较于基于正交匹配追踪（OMP）的混合预编码方案,所提方案在提升系统频谱效率和降低误码率方面具有明显的优势。     

一种多用户MIMO系统干扰对齐优化算法

干扰对齐技术可以获得干扰信道自由度的最佳值,从而有效改善系统的性能。在实际系统中干扰对齐技术通常采用迭代的方法进行预编码矩阵与干扰抑制矩阵的设计,而迭代方法都需要对发送预编码矩阵进行初始化处理。然而,目前大多数已有的研究所采用的初始化处理方法都忽略了干扰的影响。因此,在此基础上提出了一种基于新的初始化方法的优化算法,该方法在初始化预编码矩阵中既考虑了干扰信号也考虑了有用信号。首先,选取均方误差和最小化作为优化目标,然后利用正交三角（QR）分解将信道空间分为有用信号空间与干扰信号空间来进行预编码矩阵的初始化设计,经过反复迭代得到发送预编码矩阵与干扰抑制矩阵的最优解。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提算法在收敛性、均方误差、和速率等方面都优于其他算法。     

大规模MIMO系统的预编码算法综述

相比于传统多输入多输出（MIMO）系统,大规模MIMO的天线数量大幅增加,使得系统的容量提升、误比特率下降,但也造成预编码矩阵维度升高,算法复杂度、系统成本及实现难度增大。将大规模MIMO系统主要采用的预编码技术分为线性和非线性两个部分,对两者进行了归纳和对比,并着重介绍了几种经过简化的线性预编码算法和几种比较典型的非线性预编码算法,指出因为非线性算法的复杂度很高,故未来大规模MIMO系统的预编码应当以线性算法为主。     

MIMO系统中基于信号可靠性判定的OSIC检测

排序串行干扰消除（Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation，OSIC）是多输入多输出无线通信系统中一种重要的信号检测技术。为了降低该算法的计算复杂度，首先提出了基于信号可靠性判决的排序串行干扰消除算法，根据所设计的信号可靠性判决（Signal Reliability Decision，SRD）结构的判决结果选择不同的方法消除信号间的干扰。为了进一步提升SRD-OSIC算法的检测性能，提出了局部最优（Local Optimized,LO）的LO-SRD-OSIC算法。仿真结果表明，SRD-OSIC算法仅需要传统OSIC算法一半的复杂度就能获得相近的误码率性能。不仅如此，当LO-SRD-OSIC算法与SRD-OSIC算法的计算复杂度相同时,LO-SRD-OSIC算法可以获得额外3 dB的误码率性能增益。     

基于格规约辅助的MIMO系统GMD-TH预编码方案

现有的GMD-TH(Geometric Mean Decomposition-Tomlison Harashima)预编码方案在发射 端未对获得MIMO（Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output）信道增益矩阵优化,因而 其误码率和分集增益无法获得令人满意的效果。为此,在原有MIMO系统GMD-TH预编码的基础 上,提出一种基于格规约辅助的GMD-TH预编码方案。该方案采用基于格规约的算法对信道 矩阵进行优化,经过优化的信道矩阵其列向量之间具有更好的正交性并且向量的长度更短, 并且采用优化的信道矩阵提高了GMD-TH预编码MIMO系统的分集增益。仿真结果表明：相比于 传统的线性预编码方案,该预编码方案有效地提高了MIMO分集增益,相同误码率下,信噪 比降低3 dB以上,具有实用价值。     

PTE,innovation capital and firm value interactions in the biotech medical industry

Unlike previous studies which only focus on the main effect between IC and FV, this research includes PTE with the gap of resource-based view. IC is a key element in creating a competitive advantage, as it has a great influence on FV. A company may put relatively less into IC if it demonstrates higher efficiency. However, previous studies have neglected the fact that relative efficiency and IC affect FV and stock returns directly and indirectly. The research period was from 2006 to 2010 and the main research methods include HRA and DEA. The main research findings include the following. (1) There is a space for improvement in terms of the total technical efficiency. (2) PTE has a significant moderating effect between IC and FV. (3) IC and PTE have a significant influence on FV. (4) Apart from PTE and stock returns, IC and FV show significant differences within the sub-industry.     

The political market for immigration restrictions: Model and test

This paper addresses the important question of whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic growth in Mexico. It estimates a Cobb-Douglas production function that includes public infrastructure capital. Using cointegration analysis, the paper estimates a vector error correction model (VECM) for the 1995?–?99 period. The results suggest that there is a long-term stable relationship among the variables included in the VECM. The evidence also indicates that both public infrastructure spending and private capital formation have a positive and highly significant effect on the rate of output growth. Finally, the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decompositions (VDC) of the endogenous variables in the VECM suggest that the response of private capital to public infrastructure is positive while the reverse causation is not affirmed. From a policy standpoint, the findings call into question stabilization policies that disproportionately reduce public infrastructure to meet targeted reductions in the fiscal deficit (JEL, O1, O47, O54).     

通用数据链组网有效性评估的建模

根据现阶段综合信息网络的发展需求,考虑到通用数据链组网的 抗干扰能力强和保密性能高等特征,结合NFE即神经网络（NN）、模糊推理（FR）、专家系 统（ES）模型和 层次分析法(AHP),提出了通用数据链组网有效性研究的N FE-AHP模型,并仿真验证了NFE-AHP模型对于通用数据链组网有效性评估的适用性,结果表 明抗干扰度、鲁棒性、兼容 能力对通用数据链组网有效性评估尤为重要,对于通用数据链组网有效性评估的工程实践具 有一定的指导意义。     

Four decades of negative word-of-mouth and negative electronic word-of-mouth: A morphological analysis

Customers voice their negative brand experiences to their family and friends in the form of negative word-of-mouth (NWOM). Web 2.0 enables the sharing of NWOM in electronic format on various social media sites, online customer review forums, and blogs, which is known as negative electronic word-of-mouth (NeWOM). Researchers need to study the spread of NWOM/NeWOM to prevent adverse consequences for companies and suggest an optimal response for its redressal. Existing literature review studies have focused on word-of-mouth (WOM) and electronic WOM (eWOM) and have considered both positive and negative WOM and eWOM concurrently. Past literature reviews have captured the breadth of the WOM domain, ignoring the depth. This research article contains a review of 282 journal papers capturing the depth of the extant literature by focusing solely on ‘negative’ WOM and eWOM (NWOM and NeWOM), and presents a broad view of the NWOM and NeWOM domains using morphological analysis (MA). This will help to conceptualize and categorize the existing state-of-the-art literature into broad dimensions and identify future research opportunities. The MA framework helps to bifurcate this literature into the following four dimensions: (i) nomenclature of NWOM and NeWOM, (ii) antecedents of NWOM/NeWOM, (iii) impacts of NWOM/NeWOM, and (iv) prevention and recovery response to NeWOM. Further dissection of these four dimensions leads to 15 sub-dimensions and 217 variants. Combinations of the 217 variants enable the identification of 550 novel future research opportunities in the area of NWOM and NeWOM.     

Multinational Enterprises’ Entry Mode Strategies in Syria and Jordan: The Impact of Ownership Advantages

This study addresses the issue of ownership advantages affecting multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) entry mode strategies in developing countries. Although a few studies have focused on such effects, very little attention has been devoted to the ownership advantages generated from the institutional environment of MNEs’ home countries. To bridge this gap, this study concentrates on three types of ownership advantages: intangible asset advantages (IAA), advantages of common governance (ACG), and home‐country‐specific advantages (HCSA). Using a sample of 303 foreign affiliates, this study empirically examines the choice of MNEs between a wholly owned subsidiary (WOS) and a joint venture (JV). The data were collected from senior executives of MNEs’ subsidiaries operating in Syria and Jordan. The findings of this study reveal that MNEs’ choice of entry mode strategies is significantly influenced by intangible asset advantages, advantages of common governance, and home‐country‐specific advantages. Hence, senior executives perceiving an increased importance of these assets will opt for a WOS rather than a JV when entering a new market in the Middle East. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

美国国际贸易法院判定美国商务部对河北兴茂轮胎有限公司非公路用轮胎“双反”措施不当案评述

美国进口商和中国出口商不满美国商务部对来自中国的某些非公路用轮胎实施反倾销和反补贴税的裁定,向美国国际贸易法院提出起诉。美国国际贸易法院裁定,美国法律没有明确规定反倾销税法是否可适用于非市场经济国家;本案中美国商务部做的"双反"裁定,在方法上不合理。本文在介绍该案的基本案情、归纳法院推理和判决的基础上,对该案涉及的法律问题做了简要评论。     

Is environmental labeling certification a “green passport” for firm exports in emerging economies? Evidence from China

As the demand for more environmentally friendly products continues to increase, environmental label certification (ELC), as a voluntary environmental practice (VEP), has become a commonly used strategy by firms responding the green demands of the international market. While ELC is playing an increasingly important role in global trade, how ELC affects firms’ exports, especially how it affects the exports of those firms in emerging economies, remains unknown. This study explores the impact of ELC on firms’ exports. Insights are provided from resource-based views (RBV) by analysing China's A-share listed manufacturing firms to estimate the impact of China's ELC on exports. Our empirical results show that ELC can promote firms’ exports, because ELC emphasizes firms to reduce pollutant from the source, thereby, brings about cost advantage and green product differentiated advantage to boost high-quality exports. Using a series of robustness tests, we provide corroborating evidence for our hypotheses. The export-enhancing effect of ELC is impacted by the institutional context of emerging economies, as specialized market intermediaries and greater openness to the global market strengthen the export-enhancing effect of ELC. This research not only contributes to the literature, but also provides a reference for policy-makers and managers in using ELC to develop green trade.     

How do economic,cultural, and global-connectedness distances moderate the effect of customers’ experiences on their intention to revisit non-indigenous restaurants? Evidence from Korean restaurants

In this study, we evaluate how the effect of customers' experiences on revisit intention for non-indigenous restaurants can be moderated by economic distance (ED), cultural distance (CD) and global-connectedness distance (GD) between the country of origin for a given non-indigenous restaurant and the customer’s resident country. Surveys were conducted in seven countries across three continents, and the levels of ED, CD and GD between Korea and the seven countries were used as moderators. The findings suggest that the types of food and staff are two elements that should be emphasized in countries that are relatively close to Korea. Conversely, elements like the atmosphere of the restaurant and word of mouth should be emphasized in countries that have greater distances from Korea. Of the three distances considered in the study, GD had the strongest moderating effect on the relationship between customers’ experiences and their intentions to return to the restaurant. As a whole, the results imply that ED, CD and GD are important points of reference when considering prior experience while selecting a target country based on the strength of the restaurant’s experience management.     

Extreme internal–external industrial-service flexibilities and interfirm cooperative networks in high-technology machine manufacturing

Most interfirm studies focus only on the strategies of strategic partnerships, such as joint ventures, technology transferring agreements, licensing agreements; the study here provides interfirm-network knowledge protocols for designing interfirm-service processes in the high-technology machinery industry (HTMI) by small-and-medium enterprise (SME) networks from the perspectives of extremely-rapid industrial-service flexibility (X-ISF). Based on the decision system analysis (DSA) method, this study constructs an X-ISF research model consisting of major variables of extremely-rapid internal ISF (X-I ISF), extremely-rapid external ISF (X-E ISF), and cooperative networks. This study applies a mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research design to understand interfirm-network decision-making and the influence of the antecedent conditions of internal and external X-ISF and cooperative upstream-to-downstream networks on firms' X-ISF performance. The study finds that the mutual relationships between X-I ISF and X-E ISF are substantially unbalanced — the impact on firm X-ISF performance by the external-to-internal (X-in) ISF is substantially greater than the impact from the internal-to-external (X-out) ISF. Recognize the need to lead with external-to-internal X-ISF to sustain the adoption-implementation of superior high-technology is the principal take-away strategy implication.