管理层持股与股东价值的博弈分析

管理层持股是为解决企业代理成本和激励问题而产生的。自其问世以来,国内外学者对管理层持股比例及其与上市公司价值之间的关系进行了诸多研究。本文采用博弈分析的方法,通过管理层持股和不持股情况下的对比分析,发现了管理层持股与股东价值之间的关系,这一发现为各企业根据自身情况采用管理层持股的激励方法提供参考。     

管理层持股比例对股权激励制度效应的影响研究

本文基于壕沟防御效应和利益协同效应的相互作用关系,认为在管理层持股比例较低时,壕沟防御效应作用强于利益协同效应,此时股权激励制度将对公司业绩产生负面影响;而当管理层持股比例达到一定水平之后,股权激励制度会使公司业绩上升,因为此时利益协同效应将占上风.也即管理层持股比例的增加,股权激励制度对公司业绩的影响呈现U型结构.     

我国上市公司管理层股权激励与企业业绩关系的再探讨

利用新的管理层股权激励测度方法，本文重新检验了我国沪、深上市公司管理层股权激励与公司绩效的关系，得出了与国内已有文献不同的结论：尽管二者的相关度非常低，但管理层股权激励水平与业绩的正相关关系在统计上是显著的。该结论说明我国上市公司在管理层股权激励方面已取得了很大进步，但需要进一步改进。     

农业上市公司管理层持股与绩效关系研究

本文选取2011~2013年在深、沪两市的农业上市公司为样本,运用面板数据模型分析了管理层持股比例与公司绩效之间的关系。结果显示,管理层持股比例与农业上市公司绩效呈现显著正相关关系,表明管理层的股权激励确实能促进农业上市公司绩效的提高,股权分置改革政策的实施对农业上市公司的稳健发展有正激励作用。     

管理层激励与企业价值创造——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

已有研究对有效的管理层激励有助于企业价值创造的基本结论能够达成共识,但对不同的激励方式所能产生的激励效果却结论不一。为克服采用单一财务指标度量企业价值造成的片面性缺点,采用修正后的托宾Q值作为衡量企业价值的指标,以2006年沪、深两市所有上市公司为研究对象,考察了薪酬激励和股权激励两种管理层激励方式对企业价值创造的贡献。结果表明管理层薪酬激励方式对提升企业价值能够起到明显的促进作用,而管理层持股无益于公司市场价值的增加。这意味着我国上市公司当前的股权激励机制主要依靠提高管理层的薪酬而得以实现,而管理层持股应继续得到监管政策的支持。     

高新技术上市公司管理层持股与公司绩效的关系

管理层持股是公司治理结构的基础,本文以我国高新技术上市公司为研究样本,对管理层持股与公司绩效的关系进行实证研究,认为管理层持股比例与公司绩效水平缺乏相关性,甚至对公司盈利能力有负面影响。根据上述结论,本文最后提出了进一步优化管理层持股、提高公司绩效的对策建议。     

信息技术行业管理层持股与上市公司绩效的实证分析

在我国的信息技术行业,管理层持股比例对上市公司绩效的影响有待实证分析.本文以2007-2013年间沪深两市信息技术行业21家A股上市公司为样本,取得7年共103个样本数据,通过构建计量模型进行多元线性回归分析,研究国内信息技术行业管理层持股比例与上市公司绩效的关系.实证结果表明,管理层持股和公司绩效正相关,但线性关系不显著.其他的影响因素中,公司规模、公司债务水平与公司绩效存在负相关关系,而公司的主营业务利润增长率与公司绩效有显著的正相关关系.对此,我国政府以及信息技术行业的上市公司应进一步探索完善股权激励制度,充分发挥股权激励对公司绩效的激励效用.     

上市公司管理层股权激励效应研究

在股权分置改革后研究管理层股权激励问题具有重大的现实意义。以往在股权分置格局下,公司的股权结构是影响公司治理的主要因素：随着股权分置改革的顺利进行,管理层股权激励在公司治理研究中的地位将日益凸现。实施管理层股权激励,在公司的所有者和公司的管理层之间建立利益共享、责任共担的利益分配机制,通过利益关系来完善公司的激励约束机制,有利于完善公司法人治理;     

上市公司管理层股权激励的决定因素研究

管理层股权激励决定因素的研究是我国上市公司股权激励研究的一个热点.本文以管理层股权激励水平为被解释变量,成长能力、公司规模、企业风险、自由现金流、股权制衡度、股权集中度及管理层任期为解释变量来研究上市公司管理层股权激励的决定因素.通过本文的研究发现企业风险和管理层股权激励正相关且显著,公司规模、自由现金流及股权制衡度对...     

上市公司管理层股权激励机制分析

我国上市公司股权激励机制主要存在上市公司股权结构不合理、股票市场缺乏内在动力、融资结构不合理、法律法规不健全等一系列问题.要改善上市公司的股权激励机制,必须建立良好的股票市场环境、适当减持国有股、加强股票流通性、合理确定管理层的持股比例、实现管理权与经营权的适度结合、适当放松法律限制.     

Managerial Equity Ownership and the Demand for Outside Directors

This paper examines the linkage between the use of outside directors and managerial ownership. We conjecture there are two linkages: the standard incentive‐alignment demand for monitoring when managers own little stock and an entrenchment‐amelioration demand when managerial stock ownership is high. As a consequence, we predict the association between managerial ownership and board composition will be nonlinear (U‐shaped if the entrenchment effect is sufficiently pronounced). Using UK data, we find that both quadratic and logarithmic models outperform the simple linear relationship assumed in prior research and that the substitution between managerial ownership and board composition is stronger than hitherto supposed.     

Heterogeneity in the Effect of Managerial Equity Incentives on Firm Value

We document significant heterogeneity in the relation between chief executive officer (CEO) equity incentives and firm value using quantile regression. We show that CEO delta is more effective in the presence of ample investment opportunities, while CEO vega is more beneficial for firms lacking investment opportunities. Further, Tobin's Q increases in CEO delta for more risk‐tolerant firms but increases in CEO vega for more risk‐averse firms. We also observe that higher monitoring intensity after the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act reduces CEO delta's role in compensation. Risk aversion alters the optimal incentive‐value relation, and the nature of this relation also depends on the level of Tobin's Q.     

Ownership and operating performance of Chinese IPOs

We examine changes in operating performance of Chinese listed companies around their initial public offerings, and focus on the effect of ownership and ownership concentration on IPO performance changes. We document a sharp decline in post-issue operating performance of IPO firms. We also find that neither state ownership nor concentration of ownership is associated with performance changes, but there is a curvilinear relation between legal-entity ownership and performance changes and between concentration of non-state ownership and performance changes. Our results are robust to different performance measures and industry adjustments. These findings suggest that agency conflicts, management entrenchment, and large shareholders’ expropriation co-exist to influence Chinese IPO performance, and the beneficial and detrimental effects of state shareholdings tend to offset each other.     

经营者股权激励与企业价值——基于内生性视角的理论分析与经验证据

本文首次从内生性视角研究中国上市企业经营者股权激励的影响因素及与企业价值相关性的问题。遵循内生性的研究思路,选取高科技上市企业2001—2004年均衡的平行数据为研究样本,通过研究发现:各种企业可观测特征和不可观测因素对经营者股权激励水平有显著影响。在此基础上,以托宾Q值表示企业价值时,我们发现,对高科技企业来说,即使考虑到内生性影响,经营者股权激励与企业价值之间仍然存在强烈的区间效应,即经营者股权激励水平与企业价值之间存在倒U型关系。大力加强经营者股权激励的程度,将有助于高科技企业价值的提升。     

Managerial Ownership and Accounting Conservatism

In this paper we examine the effect of managerial ownership on financial reporting conservatism. Separation of ownership and control gives rise to agency problems between managers and shareholders. Financial reporting conservatism is one potential mechanism to address these agency problems. We hypothesize that, as managerial ownership declines, the severity of agency problem increases, increasing the demand for conservatism. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that conservatism as measured by the asymmetric timeliness of earnings declines with managerial ownership. The negative association between managerial ownership and asymmetric timeliness of earnings is robust to various controls, in particular, for the investment opportunity set. We thus provide evidence of a demand for conservatism from the firm's shareholders.     

Managerial Ownership and Corporate Hedging

Abstract:  Using information on 443 UK non-financial companies, this work provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that managerial risk aversion is an incentive to deviate from the optimal hedging position. Conflicts of interest between shareholders and managers are at the centre of the decision about the firm's risk profile but are not relevant as determinants of the decision to hedge. This is rather associated with factors enhancing the firm's expected value (underinvestment, scale economies, tax savings).     

Equity Ownership and Firm Value: Evidence from Targeted Stock Repurchases

In contrast to the negative average abnormal return associated with the announcement of a control‐related targeted repurchase (greenmail transaction), we find that the announcement of a noncontrol‐related targeted repurchase is associated with a positive and significant average abnormal return. Cross‐sectional analysis indicates that the change in firm value at the announcement of a noncontrol‐related targeted repurchase is negatively related to the resulting changes in both insider ownership and outside blockholdings. We also find significant differences in announcement‐period stock price effects depending on the identity of the selling shareholder.     

Equity Carve-Outs and Managerial Discretion

This study proposes a managerial discretion hypothesis of equity carve-outs in which managers value control over assets and are reluctant to carve out subsidiaries. Thus, managers undertake carve-outs only when the firm is capital constrained. Consistent with this hypothesis, firms that carve out subsidiaries exhibit poor operating performance and high leverage prior to carve-outs. Also consistent with this hypothesis, in carve-outs wherein funds raised are used to pay down debt, the average excess stock return of + 6.63 percent is significantly greater than the average excess stock return of −0.01 percent for carve-outs wherein funds are retained for investment purposes.     

Option Expensing and Managerial Equity Incentives

We examine the impact of mandatory option expensing on managerial equity incentives. Though effective only after June 15, 2005, there is evidence that U.S. firms begin preparing for option expensing as early as 2002 by making changes to their equity incentive plans. We find that (1) CEO option incentives exhibit a sharp reversal during the period 1993-2005, with the median CEO option incentives increasing 25% a year before 2002 but declining 17% a year after 2001; (2) the reduction in option incentives after 2001 is larger for firms that use excessive levels of equity incentives prior to 2002; (3) firms make similar reductions to options granted to CEOs, other top executives and lower-level employees; (4) CEO stock incentives increase throughout the entire 13-year period, rising at an even greater rate after 2001; and (5) the increase in stock incentives after 2001 is far from offsetting the corresponding decrease in option incentives. These findings are robust to controls for firm and CEO characteristics and for concurrent regulatory, business and market events such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the option backdating scandal, and the 2000 stock market crash. We also provide a theoretical explanation for the documented changes in option incentives.     

Ownership structure and performance: Evidence from the public float in IPOs

We investigate whether the post-IPO market performance of IPO stocks is related to the percentage of shares issued to the public, namely, the public float. We demonstrate that a non-linear relation exists between the public float and post-IPO returns. Specifically, as public float increases, long-run returns decrease for low levels of public float and increase for high levels of public float. This relation persists even after controlling for various firm characteristics. The best long-term performers are firms that sell either very little or sell most of their stock in the IPO. We suggest that the choice of public float level creates a trade-off between incentives to insiders and power granted to outsiders. This trade-off determines the non-linear relation found between the public float and long-run returns.