外资高技术产业对江苏经济增长的促进作用研究

文章利用2000—2008年江苏外资高技术产业的数据,分析了外资高技术产业发展对于经济增长的影响。计量分析结果显示,外资高技术产业对经济增长起到了促进作用。灰色关联分析结果表明,外资高技术产业与经济增长关系最为密切,是带动经济增长的主要因素;在外资高技术产业内部,又以通讯设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业与经济增长关联度最高。外资高技术产业对经济增长的贡献率总体呈现出上升趋势,通讯设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业在外资高技术产业内部对经济增长的贡献最大。     

长三角两省一市(苏浙沪)装备制造业现状研究

文章通过定量分析,采用对比研究,从装备制造业的总体发展水平、增长速度、产业绩效等方面,全面研究长三角装备制造业的发展态势及内部（两省一市）的区域差异。研究表明：我国装备制造业处于快速上升期,但长三角作为我国装备制造业基地的地位趋于下降;长三角两省一市装备制造业发展在产业规模、经营绩效、综合竞争等方面存在明显的区域差异。分省市看,江苏和上海存在产业同构,而浙江与两地都不存在产业同构。江苏省装备制造业占有长三角两省一市一半产值左右,在江苏制造业产值中超过四成,在经营过程中,每家企业平均从业人员数量最高,自有资金水平及流动资产水平也较高,实现利润率水平最高,体现了最强的竞争力。浙江的装备制造业产值占长三角装备制造业产值的1/4,在浙江制造业产值中接近四成,在经营中,从业人员人均资产规模最高,人均产值也最高,实现了最高的产值税收贡献率,在两省一市的装备制造业的竞争力中处于中间位置。上海装备制造业在长三角装备制造业产值中占1／4,在上海制造业中占近六成的产值,企业平均资产规模最高,产值销售率也最高,但是利润水平最低。分子行业利润水平看,上海的仪器仪表具有明显竞争优势。     

FDI、产业特征与制造业地理集中——基于中国数据的实证分析

本文利用中国1999—2008年制造业数据实证分析了外国直接投资、产业特征与产业地理集中的关系,其结果发现,自1999年以来,我国制造业的产业集中度日益提高,在行业上,资源型产业地理集中度最高,高度地方化产业地理集中度最低;从全国20个制造业行业数据样本看,FDI的进入会促进中国制造业的地理集中;根据外资比重进行产业细分后,外资对高外资比重产业地理集中的正向促进作用依然明显,而对低外资比重行业的作用不显著;即使在高外资比重产业中,FDI与中国制造业地理集中也不存在着倒U型关系,而在低外资比重产业中,只有当FDI比重超过一个临界值时,FDI对地理集中的正向促进作用才会显现。     

江西省医药制造业创新绩效评价研究

综合运用功效系数法和层次分析法对2009—2019年江西省医药制造业创新绩效进行评价,并与中部其他5省比较。评价结果表明：2011—2019年医药制造业创新绩效评价综合得分最高的省是湖北,2009和2010年创新绩效评价综合得分最高的省是河南;江西省创新绩效评价综合得分居于中等偏下水平,其中2010年得分最低,2018和2019年创新绩效评价综合得分增长幅度较大。江西医药制造业要提升绩效,须加大技术创新活动的资金投入,加快创新人才培养和引进步伐,强化知识产权保护,推动创新成果产业化。     

贸易政策不确定性与中国制造业“稳外资”:基于外资新企业进入视角

贸易政策不确定性已成为影响中国制造业外资利用的不可忽视因素，而加快促进外资新企业进入是实现制造业“稳外资”的重要目标。基于外资新企业进入视角，在利用工商注册数据对外资活动进行准确测度的基础上，文章试图揭示贸易政策不确定性对中国制造业外资利用的影响。研究结果表明：(1)外资新企业进入受到贸易政策不确定性的冲击程度与其面临的贸易风险敞口相关；贸易政策不确定通过实物期权效应与制度摩擦效应，降低中国制造业外资新企业进入的数量与规模；(2)当外资企业所处行业的资产可逆性较小或契约密集度较大时，贸易政策不确定性对制造业外资新企业进入的负向影响更为显著；(3)异质性分析表明，贸易政策不确定性对合资型、研发型外资新企业进入的影响较小；(4)随着金融市场化程度提升与地方营商环境改善，贸易政策不确定性对制造业外资新企业进入的抑制作用将会显著弱化。文章结论将为在不确定性环境下实现中国制造业“稳外资”目标提供重要理论依据与实践指导。     

民营上市公司资本结构和公司绩效的互动关系

文章以沪深两市交易所的18家民营上市公司为研究对象,以SPSS13.0为分析工具,运用多元线性回归分析法,对我国民营上市公司的资本结构与公司绩效的互动关系进行实证分析,结果表明:资本结构对公司绩效产生正影响;公司绩效对资本结构产生正影响。文章还提出了在优化我国民营上市公司资本结构的同时提高公司绩效的对策建议。     

我国制造业研发投入对技术创新绩效影响的实证研究

基于1999~2008年制造业28个行业的面板数据,文章对我国制造业研发投入对技术创新绩效的影响做了实证研究,研究表明:我国制造业行业中研发资本对技术创新绩效的贡献率要高于研发人员,并且在新产品产出过程中表现出规模报酬递减的特征;企业规模、市场结构和绩效等因素对我国制造业技术创新绩效均没有显著影响,而国有产权比重对技术创新绩效却有显著的负效应。     

民营上市公司股权结构与企业绩效关系的Meta分析

文章运用Meta分析定量研究方法,对中国民营上市公司股权结构与企业绩效关系的实证研究文献进行再分析。研究结果发现:一是企业绩效与第一大股东的持股比例存在"倒U型"关系;二是民营上市公司的前五与前十大股东持股比例越高,企业的绩效越好;三是股权制衡与股权激励均对企业绩效存在显著正向影响。为中国民营上市公司股权结构优化提出可行性建议。     

民营上市公司资本结构、股权结构和公司绩效

文章利用沪深两市188家民营上市公司2003～2006年的相关数据,运用多元线性回归方法对民营上市公司资本结构、股权结构与公司绩效关系进行检验。研究结果表明,资本结构与公司绩效正相关;法人股持股比例与公司绩效不存在明显的相关关系;流通股比例与公司绩效负相关;第一大股东持股比例与公司绩效弱正相关。     

外商直接投资从上海向苏南扩散吗?北大核心CSSCISSCI

上海具备历史、区位和政策等多方面对外开放的优势条件,外商直接投资在进入长三角的过程中是以上海为中心,逐步向苏南扩散。这种扩散可能导致距离上海越远的苏南城市吸引外商直接投资规模发生衰减。文章构建2002-2015年苏南的面板数据,综合运用静态和动态面板的估计方法,发现苏南城市与上海之间的经济距离变远导致前者全行业外商直接投资减少,这种效应在静态面板估计中不显著,但在动态面板估计中显著。由于制造业外资价值链内部环节空间分离所产生的协调成本,制造业外资从上海向苏南的衰减特征更为显著;而服务业外资从上海向苏南扩散特征不明显,与上海的经济距离变远并未减少苏南的服务业外资流入规模。     

Export spillover from foreign direct investment in China during pre- and post-WTO accession

This study investigates the effects of export spillover from foreign direct investment (FDI) before and after China’s World Trade Organization (WTO) accession, with particular consideration of the FDI source country and firm ownership structure. It uses a Chinese manufacturing firm-level panel dataset, for the period 1998–2007. In general, there are no spillover effects among state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This study finds negative horizontal and positive vertical spillovers associated with FDI from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan (HMT) among non-SOEs. Furthermore, non-HMT FDI, which is predominantly from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, have statistically significant positive horizontal and vertical spillover effects on the export performance of private Chinese firms. Positive forward spillovers occurred only after China joined the WTO, while positive backward spillovers existed during both the pre- and post-WTO periods. China’s entry into the WTO intensified the forward linkage of production, implying that greater availability of high-quality inputs produced by non-HMT foreign multinationals benefited the export performance of private domestic firms.     

Ownership and Energy Efficiency in Indonesian Manufacturing

Using 1996 and 2006 census data on medium-large plants in Indonesian manufacturing, we examine whether foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) and stateowned enterprises (SOEs) used purchased energy more efficiently than local, private plants, finding that the correlation between plant ownership and total energy intensity, gas intensity, and coal intensity was generally weak in both years. Second, we ask whether energy efficiency in private plants was affected by the presence of MNEs or SOEs in high-energy-consuming industries. In 1996, private energy intensities were often positively correlated with the presence of SOEs and majorityforeign MNEs and negatively correlated with the presence of wholly foreign or minority-foreign MNEs, but in 2006 the corresponding results differed substantially. This suggests that ownership-related differentials in energy intensity and intra-industry energy-intensity spillovers are not pronounced. If policymakers are concerned with improving energy efficiency in Indonesian manufacturing, plant ownership should not be a major consideration.     

Does gender structure affect firm productivity? Evidence from China

This study examines the impact of gender workforce composition on firm productivity. Using a large sample of Chinese manufacturing firms and conditional on human capital-related controls, we find that firms with a greater share of female workers demonstrate lower productivity. However, our results suggest that increasing the fraction of highly educated female workers significantly improves firm performance. This effect is evident for all private firms regardless of their trade orientation and foreign firms undertaking purely domestic sales. However, the effect does not exist in the case of state-owned and export-oriented foreign enterprises. Compared with medium-sized and large firms, small firms benefit more from gender diversity at high education level. Finally, the share of highly talented female workers indicates better firm performance in more feminized industries.     

Productivity spillovers from foreign multinationals and trade protection: firm‐level analysis of Vietnamese manufacturing

This paper examines how the presence of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) affects productivity in domestic private firms in Vietnamese manufacturing in 2005–10. The paper also examines how import protection has affected these productivity spillovers and how spillovers from wholly foreign MNEs and joint ventures differ. The most consistent result suggests wholly foreign MNEs impart negative spillovers while joint ventures tend to generate positive spillovers. Theory and random effects estimates also indicate that import protection reduces local firm productivity and weakens the effect of spillovers from all MNEs; but this result is not obtained when a fixed effects estimator is used. Results are similar in samples of labour‐intensive industries, which include close to three fourths of all sample firms, but differ markedly for more capital‐intensive groups.     

澜湄流域制造业生产阶段数测算及其影响因素研究

在全球投入产出模型框架下,测算澜湄流域制造业生产阶段数,并对影响澜湄流域制造业生产分割程度的因素进行实证分析。结论为:澜湄流域制造业生产阶段数整体上呈上升趋势,生产结构复杂度明显增加,国际和国内外包呈互补关系;经济规模、研发强度及劳动力水平对澜湄流域制造业生产分割长度具有显著促进作用,资本化率、服务业增加值比重、FDI流入及私营部门的国内信贷量占GDP的比重,对澜湄流域制造业生产分割长度具有负面影响。因此,澜湄流域国家应积极改变参与全球分工的方式,提高金融市场开放程度,吸引外资的同时注重外资质量,并加大教育经费投入,增加研发创新和人才培养,提高劳动力水平,加快发展交通运输业和信息技术服务业。     

Do Market Pressures Induce Economic Efficiency? The Case of Slovenian Manufacturing, 1994–2001

Using a unique longitudinal data set on all manufacturing firms in Slovenia from 1994 to 2001, this article analyzes how firm efficiency changed in response to changing competitive pressures associated with the transition to market. Results show that the period was one of atypically rapid growth of total factor productivity (TFP). The rise in firm efficiency occurs across almost all industries and firm types: large or small, state or private, domestic or foreign owned. Changes in firm ownership type have no direct impact on firm efficiency. However, increased market competition related to rising market share of private firms, new market entrants, foreign‐owned firms, and international trade raises TFP across all firms in an industry, whether private or state owned. In addition, competitive pressures that sort out inefficient firms of all types and retain the most efficient, coupled with the entry of new private firms that are at least as efficient as surviving firms, prove to be the major source of TFP gains. Results strongly confirm that market competition fosters efficiency.     

组织学习对技术创新绩效的调节效应——基于江苏民营制造企业的实证研究

文章以201家江苏民营制造企业为研究样本,探讨组织学习对技术创新与企业绩效关系的调节效应.研究发现:(1)工艺创新和产品创新对企业绩效均有显著正向影响,而且工艺创新对企业绩效的影响强度要高于产品创新,表明江苏民营制造企业技术创新是以工艺创新为主导;(2)组织学习对工艺创新与企业绩效关系有显著正向调节效应,对产品创新与企业绩效关系的调节效应不显著,表明江苏民营制造企业的组织学习是以工艺创新为主要目的.研究发现为推进江苏创新驱动战略提供了指导,要实现从“江苏制造”向“江苏创造”转变,关键在于营造以实现产品创新为主要目的的组织学习氛围,走以产品创新为主导的技术创新之路.     

What drives spatial clusters of entrepreneurship in China? Evidence from economic census data

Since Chinese government initiated economic reform in the late 1970s, entrepreneurship and private sectors have emerged gradually and played an increasingly important role in promoting economic growth. However, entrepreneurship is distributed unevenly in China. Using micro data from 2008 economic census and 2005 population census, this paper explains spatial clusters of entrepreneurship for both manufacturing and services. For both sectors, entrepreneurship (measured by new private firms) tends to emerge in places with more relevant upstream and downstream firms. Moreover, Chinitz's (1961) theories are also supported for manufacturing: small upstream and downstream firms seem to be more important for manufacturing entrepreneurship. For both sectors, entrepreneurship is positively related to city size, the share of young adults and the elderly population, and foreign direct investment. More migrants are also found to promote service entrepreneurship. Our paper is the first to consider both manufacturing and service entrepreneurship in China and should be of interest to both local and national policymakers who plan to encourage entrepreneurship.     

A multidimensional analysis of the international performance of U.S. manufacturing industries

A Multidimensional Analysis of the International Performance of U.S. Manufacturing Industries. — This study analyzes the determinants of three alternative measures of the international performance of U.S. manufacturing industries: export shares, the average number of foreign markets served, and the intensity of foreign direct investment. The factors affecting these three variables and various interactions among them are estimated econometrically using a sample of 37 U.S. industries. Overall, variables reflecting industrial organization, technological innovation, and scale economies are found to be more significant than traditional factor-proportions or labor-cost factors in explaining U.S. manufacturing performance in overseas markets.     

“三链协同”视角下航空制造业高质量发展对策研究

从价值链、供应链、产业链“三链协同”视角出发，系统梳理国内外学者研究成果，构建航空制造业“三链协同”模型，归纳国外航空制造业发展的先进经验，针对性阐释促进航空制造业高质量发展的对策建议。具体包括：推进航空制造业服务化、创新化、军民一体化发展，构建精细化绩效管理体系，提升航空制造价值链；推行供应商精细化管理新模式，提升主制造商管控能力，畅通航空制造供应链；进一步优化顶层设计、深化央地融合、推动错位发展，完善航空制造产业链。