促进远期结售汇业务的健康发展

作为规避汇率波动风险的人民币远期结售汇业务，近年来发展迅猛，日益受到银行及外贸企业的重视。文章指出国际市场汇率波动程度、人民币升值预期及远期汇价贴水幅度是影响远期结售汇业务量的主要因素；分析了远期结售汇业务存在的问题，并就如何促进该项业务的健康发展提出了建议。     

思考如何走得更远

当前．外贸企业对汇率变化比以往敏感了很多，纷纷用远期结售汇业务规避风险。这也使银行的远期结售汇业务量节节攀升。不过，也有专家指出，集中且规模较大的兑换量将便银行的外汇持有量迅速增加，一旦汇率变动，银行就面临着亏损的风险。那么远期结售汇业务如何能走得更远呢?请看下篇。     

关于远期结售汇业务和远期外汇交易情况的调查

远期结售汇和远期外汇交易业务自在吉林省开办以来，取得了较快的发展。为深入研究当前远期结售汇和远期外汇交易发展变化情况，特别是人民币汇率改革对其将要产生的影响等有关问题，近期我们对吉林省远期结售汇业务和远期外汇交易情况进行了调查研究。     

完备市场下的远期结售汇定价问题研究

远期结售汇的应用,主要是对当期成本进行锁定,以此达到保值避险效果。在外汇业务开办以来,在外汇金融市场的多次强烈波动之下,远期结售汇在风险规避上发挥了显著效果,降低了外汇市场的损失。因其在风险规避中发挥的效果,远期结售汇成为我国企业对外发展的重要业务,为企业外汇保值提供了良好保障。不过,在远期结售汇的定价方面,即使市场完备,仍存在一定问题,制约了其效用发挥,增大了市场风险。     

人民币外币掉期一路走来

随着利率、汇率市场化改革的不断向前推进，我国金融市场上推出了一些新的规避风险的金融衍生产品，如不涉及利率互换的人民币与外币掉期业务。比起银行、企业所熟悉的远期结售汇业务，掉期业务则是一个新面孔。同样是避险工具，掉期业务与远期结售汇业务有何不同的“避险之处”呢？它能为银行，企业带来哪些好处？银行、企业在运用时该注意哪些问题？编者认为，在人民币汇率弹性不断加大、汇率风险无处不在的今天，这些问题值得银行、企业及相关学者关注。[编者按]     

远期结售汇业务的实证调查及启示：以汕头为视角

文章以汕头远期结售汇业务的实证调查为例，介绍了外汇指定银行远期结售汇业务的运行特点，从市场定价角度分析了制约远期结售汇业务发展的主要问题，指出定价偏差、交易成本较高等因素影响了企业对这一避险品种的认可，并从企业、银行、外汇管理部门三个层面提出相应建议，以期有效发挥远期结售汇的避险功能。     

远期结售汇：部分企业履约亏损需关注

自2005年7月人民币汇改以来，人民银行、外汇局出台多项政策加快外汇市场发展，重庆市银行远期结售汇业务快速发展，涉外企业规避汇率风险的意识与能力逐步提高。但与此同时，银行远期结售汇定价机制仍较薄弱，部分企业到期履约亏损问题逐渐显现，值得关注。文章从完善监管政策、平衡供求关系等方面提出促进远期结售汇市场发展的建议。     

关于企业集团财务公司开办远期结售汇业务的思考

通过远期结售汇实施企业集团外汇风险的综合管理不仅是经济全球化形势下财务公司的重要职责，也是落实国有资产管理部门和银行业监管部门进一步加强金融衍生产品管理的体现。文章分析了财务公司结售汇业务在为集团实施外汇风险管理过程中所具有的比较优势，介绍了中国外汇市场发展为财务公司开办远期结售汇业务所提供的有利环境，并就财务公司如何办好远期结售汇业务提出若干建议。     

银行远期结售汇业务发展中的隐忧

人民币汇率形成机制改革后，远期结售汇市场快速发展，但同时也出现了一些不容忽视的新情况、新问题，如远期售汇量大大高于远期结汇量、远期结售汇业务发展不平衡，市场参与度低，远期结售汇价格偏离实际汇价水平的程度较高等。     

外汇衍生品：乘着汇改的翅膀——解读央行关于远期结售汇和掉期新政

政策出台的背景 远期结售汇业务自1997年由中国银行试点办理以来，目前已包括四家国有商业银行和二家股份制商业银行。近期结售汇业务的平稳发展．不仅锻炼了银行对衍生产品交易的定价和风险管理能力，而且为管理部门积累了相应的监管经验。近年来，国内银行衍生产品交易和管理能力逐步提高，人民币利率市场化稳步推进，货币市场发展日渐成熟。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.