会计盈余质量与权益资本成本关系的实证分析

决策有用是衡量盈余质量的一个主要标准,从投资者的角度,以2001年—2003年间具有10期连续存续期间的上市公司为样本,通过研究计价观下企业会计盈余的7个不同质量：应计质量、持续性、可预测性、平滑度、价值相关性、及时性、稳健性,对权益资本成本的影响来为上述问题提供证据。研究结果表明,除盈余的持续性与预测符号不一致以外,其他各质量与权益资本成本之间均呈负相关关系,但持续性、价值相关性与稳健性的影响不显著;在对权益资本成本的影响程度方面,盈余的质量影响程度最大,其次是平滑度、及时性和可预测性;以会计为基础的质量对资本市场的影响整体大于以市场为基础的质量。     

应计盈余管理、高管持股与权益资本成本

文章以2014—2018年沪深A股上市公司面板数据为样本,分析了应计盈余管理、高管持股对权益资本成本的影响.研究发现,公司应计盈余管理程度与权益资本成本显著正相关,高管持股与权益资本成本之间显著正相关.进一步研究表明,赋予高管一定的股权激励可以减弱应计盈余管理的资本成本效应.且在不同的控股公司背景下,应计盈余管理对权益资本成本的影响存在异质性,即国有控股公司削弱了盈余管理对权益资本成本的正向作用.     

会计盈余波动性的经济后果——基于权益资本成本的研究

本文通过研究盈余质量维度中盈余波动性对权益资本成本的影响,发现盈余波动会影响企业的权益资本成本,即企业的盈余波动性越大,其权益资本成本就越高,进一步的研究发现控制了行业因素的情形下,应计项目的波动性也与权益资本成本呈显著的正向关系,即企业盈余中应计项目波动性越大,权益资本成本越高,没有证据表明现金流波动会影响到权益资本成本。     

准则革新、会计信息质量与权益资本成本——来自深市A股上市公司的经验证据

本文利用1998年至2008年深市A股上市公司财务报表和股票交易方面的数据,以2002年至2007年上市公司为样本,计算应计质量和权益资本成本,检验了上市公司披露的会计信息质量是否随着我国会计准则体系的不断改革而逐渐提高,探讨了会计信息质量与股票流动性的关系,分析了证券市场上投资者是否根据所获得的会计信息来调整预期投资报酬率,进而影响公司权益资本成本。结果发现：2002年至2007年间上市公司披露的会计信息质量逐年提高,会计信息质量与股票流动性正相关,与权益资本成本负相关。     

企业内部控制质量影响权益资本成本的路径分析

文章提出财务报告信息质量是内部控制影响权益资本成本的中间路径,并以2010—2012年度全部中小板上市公司为样本,采用基于自举的中介效应检验程序对内部控制质量与权益资本成本的直接影响路径关系进行了检验。结果表明,财务报告信息质量尤其是应计质量是内部控制质量与权益资本成本间关系的中介变量。该研究弥补了现有文献中对内部控制、财务报告信息质量以及权益资本成本三者之间进行割裂研究的不足,同时对于进一步厘清我国内部控制制度实施的经济后果具有一定的现实意义。     

公司治理、盈余质量与经理人代理成本研究

文章用工具变量和面板数据模型等方法考察了盈余质量对股东——经理人代理关系的影响.以应计质量为盈余质量的度量研究发现,盈余质量高的上市公司经理人代理成本较低,盈余质量改善的上市公司经理人代理成本发生了显著下降.文章的研究结论为会计信息的公司治理效应提供了新的证据.     

内部控制质量、产权性质与盈余持续性

通过对沪深两市A股主板上市公司2009—2013年间数据样本的实证检验，探寻上市公司内部控制质量的提高是否伴随着公司盈余持续性的提高，比较分析国有控股和民营控股公司内部控制质量的变化对盈余持续性的影响差异，同时为了进一步探究内部控制对盈余持续性的影响，将其划分为应计持续性和现金流持续性。研究结果表明：内部控制质量的提高与盈余持续性的提高存在显著的正相关关系；将盈余持续性细分后仍然可以得到内部控制质量提高，应计持续性与现金流持续性也相应提高的结论。通过国有控股和民营控股公司的对比，发现在国有控股公司中，内部控制质量越高，盈余持续性也越高，但当内部控制质量提高时，盈余持续性并没有显著改善；而在民营控股公司中，内部控制质量与盈余持续性的相关性有所减弱，但当内部控制质量提高时，盈余持续性明显提高。     

盈余管理、股东积极行为与权益资金成本

公司要取得廉价的权益资金成本日益艰难。文章选取2008—2018年沪深A股上市公司作为研究样本,试图探索盈余管理、股东积极行为与权益资金成本之间的关系,以及公司如何获取廉价的权益资金成本。研究结果发现:公司的盈余管理程度越大,权益资金成本越高;公司取得的权益资金成本越高,对竞争优势越不利;股东积极行为能调节盈余管理与权益资金成本,这说明我国资本市场存在一定程度的市场有效性,股东积极行为获得投资者青睐,进而降低了权益资金成本。     

中小企业板上市公司财务重述与盈余质量的关系

本文以2005～2011年深交所中小企业板上市公司为研究对象,以盈余管理程度、盈余持续性、盈余平滑度和会计稳健性作为盈余质量的衡量标准,考察财务重述对盈余质量的影响。结果表明:与财务非重述公司相比,财务重述公司的操控性应计额、盈余持续性和平滑度没有显著差异;但是财务重述公司的会计稳健性低于财务非重述公司。     

会计盈余持续性对盈余质量影响的实证研究

本文主要从盈余持续性的角度对盈余质量进行了评价,将会计盈余分为应计成分和现金流成分,并用实证研究的方法分析了会计盈余中各成分的持续性,论述了持续性对盈余质量的影响。     

利润操纵、股权再融资与资本配置效率研究

本文研究了资本市场参与者的行为与利润操纵之间的关系,并分析了对资本配置效率的影响效应。大股东通过操纵报告盈余来改变会计盈余的时间分布和误导投资者,从而攫取更多的隐性收益,造成资本市场配置效率的降低。研究结果表明:(1)大股东通过利润操纵在股权再融资过程中可以获得中小股东无法得到的隐性收益;(2)大股东的收益随着利润操纵程度的增加而提升,中小股东的财富随着利润操纵程度的增加而降低;(3)利润操纵程度的增加将降低上市公司的资本配置效率和企业价值。     

The Valuation-relevance of Earnings and Cash Flows: an International Perspective

We investigate which variable, earnings or cash flows, provides greater information for equity valuation within the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and Japan. We regress returns on earnings and cash flow metrics. We generally find earnings developed in three Anglo-Saxon countries—where capital is traditionally raised in public markets and reporting rules are unencumbered by taxation requirements—to have greater explanatory power for stock returns than cash flow metrics. Conversely, in two non-Anglo-Saxon countries—where capital is traditionally raised from private sources—earnings are generally not superior to cash flows for equity valuation, except in Japan, non-consolidated sample. While sensitivity analyses generally support the conclusions of our primary tests, in some of the additional analyses, earnings were superior to cash flows for samples from all countries. As expected, in all countries earnings have incremental information content over cash flows in explaining returns. Collectively, our findings provide two contributions. First, we generalize the findings of prior US research by showing that earnings are more important than cash flows for equity valuation in other Anglo-Saxon countries. Second and more importantly, our findings demonstrate that the superiority of earnings over cash flows is not universal. Rather, it depends on the national reporting regime and attendant institutional factors.     

The impact on the cost of equity capital in the effects of integrated reporting quality

Integrated reporting is a new reporting tool that includes financial and nonfinancial information, which represents a natural evolution of the corporate reporting movement. Although this practice has gained increasing attention in recent years, both from an academic and professional perspective, the quality of the reports still represents a critical aspect due to inadequate investigation. Only a few studies have focused on integrated reporting quality, and contributions on the effects of quality have been even rarer. This study aims to investigate on the impact of integrated reporting quality on the firm's cost of equity capital, owing to the paramount importance of this parameter for firms and investors. Our results highlight that integrated reporting quality has a significantly negative association with the cost of equity capital, suggesting that integrated reporting quality represents an innovative way to reduce the cost of equity. To our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the relationship between integrated reporting quality and a firm's cost of equity.     

经营分部信息披露对权益资本成本的影响——基于分析师关注视角

以制造业上市公司2014—2019年数据为样本,首先从分部划分确定性、会计信息完整性和经济特征差异性三个维度逐层深入检验经营分部信息披露对企业权益资本成本的影响,然后探究分析师关注的调节作用,最后以是否产能过剩为标准分组进行异质性检验。研究发现：(1)经营分部信息披露的三个维度均无法直接影响权益资本成本,但在分析师关注下,分部划分确定性、会计信息完整性可以降低企业权益资本成本,经济特征差异性则会提高权益资本成本,说明目前我国投资者对经营分部信息处理成本较高,分析师关注是该信息能够发挥效能的必要条件。(2)异质性检验结果显示,产能过剩企业提升分部划分确定性、会计信息完整性可以有效降低权益资本成本,而非产能过剩企业采取该措施会产生相反结果;尽管分析师关注可在一定程度上抑制非产能过剩企业提升分部划分确定性、会计信息完整性对权益资本成本的正向影响,但同时也会加剧产能过剩企业突出经济特征差异性带来的专有成本。     

Real Earnings Management and Information Asymmetry in the Equity Market

The literature suggests that real earnings management (REM) activities can increase adverse selection risk in capital markets. Due to their opacity and the difficulties in understanding their implications, REM strategies may increase the level of information asymmetry among investors. This paper examines the association between earnings management through real activities manipulation and information asymmetry in the equity market. To estimate the level of adverse selection risk we use a comprehensive index of information asymmetry measures proposed by the market microstructure literature. For a sample of Spanish listed firms, we find that firms’ strategies of increasing earnings through REM are associated with higher information asymmetry in those firms that meet last year’s earnings. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that earnings management through real activities manipulation garbles the market, enhances private information production, and exacerbates information asymmetry in the stock market.     

Estimating the Precision of Information on Earnings and Non-earnings Announcement Days,and Its Relation with the Cost of Equity

ABSTRACT

Using daily stock returns, we estimate the precision of information during earnings and non-earnings announcement days, and find that although the precision of information in daily stock returns increases during earnings announcement days, it explains less of the variation in expected returns than the precision of information on non-earnings announcement days. Our findings suggest that the precision of earnings disclosures has a small effect on the cost of equity relative to the precision of information on other days of the year.     

Corporate carbon risk,voluntary disclosure,and cost of capital: South African evidence

The study examines the interplay among corporate carbon risk, voluntary disclosure, and cost of capital within the context of South Africa, a “rising power” in the climate policy debate. We develop a system of simultaneous equations models and analyze data drawn from firms traded on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE), for the period 2010 to 2015, using the three‐stage least squares procedure. We find that voluntary carbon disclosure is associated with lower overall (and equity) cost of capital, after controlling for corporate carbon risk. We also find that firms with higher carbon risk tend to provide better quality carbon disclosure and signal the possibility of high carbon risk to avoid negative market reactions resulting from concealing carbon information. Although the capital market does not appear to incorporate individual firm's carbon risk exposure into the required cost of capital, we find that it generally requires higher returns for companies operating in carbon‐intensive sectors. These findings suggest that firms could exploit the virtues of voluntary carbon disclosure to reduce their overall (and equity) cost of capital. Our findings also imply that regulators and policymakers could point to the cost of capital reducing role of voluntary disclosure to lure firms into voluntarily providing superior quality carbon disclosures.     

关于高校会计制度的重新审视与改革的构想

高等教育前所未有的新形势对高校会计提出了现行会计制度无法满足的全新要求,主要集中在核算投资者权益、教育成本、年度净收益(或盈余)、合理投资回报和成本控制、业绩评价等问题上,这一切都需要以权责发生制为会计基础。因此,新型高校会计制度应该先确定权责发生制为基础会计平台,根据利害关系人的信息需求,改革会计要素及其具体内容并提出满足所有利害关系人决策信息需求的全新会计报表体系。     

The Value Relevance of Earnings and Cash Flows: Empirical Evidence for Japan

The Japanese equity market is one of the largest in the world. In recent years, fund managers worldwide have substantially increased their exposure to the Japanese capital markets. In spite of the Japanese capital market's rapid growth and its increasing importance in the international financial world, there has been limited empirical evidence linking security returns to earnings and cash flows. This study extends the growing empirical literature on the association of earnings and cash flows with security returns by using a Japanese dataset consisting of 6,662 firm-year observations for the period 1984–93. We hypothesize that (i) earnings and cash flows are jointly associated with stock returns, and (ii) the association between cash flows (earnings) and security returns increases (decreases) when earnings are transitory. This study provides empirical evidence (i) that cash flows (earnings) have information content beyond earnings (cash flows) in explaining security returns, and (ii) that cash flows (earnings) play a more (less) important role in the marketplace when earnings are transitory. Moreover, results show that the explanatory power of our Japanese models is similar to the evidence provided in prior US studies, indicating that Japanese investors utilize earnings and cash flows in their pricing of equities as their US counterparts.     

The revision frequency of earnings forecasts and firm characteristics

This study investigates how the revision frequency of earnings forecasts affects firm characteristics. Previous studies generally focus on the number of analysts following a firm to measure a firm's information environment. The frequency with which news is updated is often defined as an analyst's effort. Analysts provide more information to investors if they update news more frequently. This study examines whether the frequency of information updating for a particular firm affects the firm's performance. We apply three proxies for firm performance: stock liquidity, the cost of equity capital, and firm value. Our findings indicate that the analysts’ effort as measured by the frequency of news updating is effective in providing additional power beyond the number of analysts to represent the information environment of a firm. Therefore, this study suggests that combining both the number of analysts following a firm and the frequency of news updating can be a better proxy for assessing a firm's information environment.