知识产权保护和FDI对中国行业工资差距影响的实证分析

本文首先对中国行业层面的工资差距的发展趋势进行了动态分析,得出的结论是中国行业层面的工资差距在2000-2007年间在总体上呈现出发散的态势。在此基础上,选取劳动生产率作为参照基准,对行业间工资差距的公平性进行了价值判断,对比劳动生产率,行业工资差别未能合理地反映行业的劳动差别,背离了按劳分配原则。为了减缓和扭转行业工资差距不合理的状况,本文选取了九大行业作为分析对象,对中国行业间工资差距的引致因素进行了实证分析。证实了知识产权保护通过直接效应和间接效应的作用,促进了行业间工资差距的收敛。FDI通过产出效应、技术溢出效应和示范效应的作用,扩大了行业间的工资差距。基于实证分析的结论,增强知识产权保护力度,设立统一的FDI准入门槛以便提高引资质量,有助于缩小我国行业间的工资差距。     

FDI对发展中国家工资分配效应的述评

由于很多国家内部工资差距的日益恶化,"FDI-工资分配关系"正受到越来越多的关注.本文从三方面综述了FDI流入对发展中东道国工资分配的影响,分别为FDI对不同地区之间工资分配的影响;FDI对行业间工资差距的影响;FDI对东道国平均工资率的影响.最后一部分对相关文献进行评述并得出相应的结论.     

外商直接投资对城镇居民收入差距的影响——基于2002年中国家庭住户收入调查数据的实证研究

文章采用2002年CHIP中的城镇数据,从微观上控制劳动者的个体特点、职业特征和企业所有制特征对劳动者收入的影响,将FDI引入收入方程,实证研究了FDI对城镇居民收入差距的影响。结果发现,FDI对低技能劳动力收入的促进作用小于对高技能劳动力收入的促进作用,FDI拉大了技能劳动力的收入差距,相关结论通过了稳健性检验,并且发现FDI拉大了国有企业劳动力与非国有企业劳动力的收入差距,FDI拉大了资本收入者和劳动收入者的收入差距。     

FDI对发展中国家工资分配效应的述评

由于很多国家内部工资差距的日益恶化,“FDI-工资分配关系”正受到越来越多的关注。本文从三方面综述了FDI流入对发展中东道国工资分配的影响,分别为FDI对不同地区之间工资分配的影响;FDI对行业间工资差距的影响;FDI对东道国平均工资率的影响。最后一部分对相关文献进行评述并得出相应的结论。     

我国双向FDI对碳排放的空间效应研究

我国省域碳排放的空间效应使碳减排具有系统性、复杂性，影响了碳减排政策的精准性、有效性。本文基于2003—2019年我国30个省（直辖市、自治区）的面板数据，构建空间杜宾模型（SDM）实证研究我国双向FDI对碳排放的空间效应影响，并构建中介效应模型进一步发掘其影响机制。研究发现：（1）我国省域碳排放具有显著的空间正相关特征，且2003—2019年间，我国省域碳排放空间集聚性呈削弱趋势；（2）双向FDI对省域间碳排放空间溢出效应均有抑制作用。进一步地通过传导机制检验发现：（1） FDI通过“环境规制效应”抑制省域间碳排放空间溢出，通过“资本逐利效应”促进省域间碳排放空间溢出;（2） OFDI通过“技术传播效应”抑制省域间碳排放空间溢出，通过“人力资本效应”促进省域间碳排放空间溢出。     

我国金融发展促进FDI的出口增长效应实证研究

运用我国1991至2010年商品出口额、金融发展和FDI相关的时间序列数据,考察我国金融发展对FDI的出口增长效应的促进作用。实证结果表明：我国金融市场规模的扩大未能促进FDI的出口增长效应,而金融市场效率的提高能促进企业对FDI技术溢出的吸收能力,进而促进出口的增长。建议我国加快提高金融市场的效率,努力发挥政策性金融支持出口的作用。     

影响外商直接投资因素的实证分析——以上海市为例

本文以上海市为例实证分析影响外商直接投资的因素,其中GDP、固定资本投资对FDI的影响比较显著,劳动力成本对FDI的影响不显著、出口与GDP具有多重共线性.对模拟方程进行相关检验,得到最终回归方程,提出吸引FDI的相关建议.     

外商直接投资对我国三大地区发展差距的影响

改革开放以来,我国经济有了飞速发展,但是,在中国经济快速增长的过程中,东部地区和中西部地区之间的发展差距也越来越明显,成为尽快解决的一个重要问题.本文从外资的角度对地区发展不平衡的问题进行了实证分析.实证分析结果显示,在1985-2004年1的整个分析期间.三大地区中东部的FDI对地区经济增长的影响都是最为明显的,中部地区其次,西部地区FDI对地区经济增长的影响最小.不仅如此,随着时间的推移,东部地区FDI对经济发展的影响越来越大,而西部地区FDI对地区经济发展的影响则越采越减小.分析结果表明,外商直接投资是造成三大地区之间发展差距的一个重要影响因素.     

基于行业差异的FDI技术外溢效应及其门槛水平的测定

本文通过对我国制造业各行业1995-2009年间的面板数据建立相应的计量经济模型,对我国入世以来外商直接投资(FDI)的技术溢出效应做实证分析.结果表明,FDI对我国的制造业确实存在技术溢出效应,但FDI的技术溢出效应受行业属性的影响,并且技术溢出存在门槛效应.     

金融深化、FDI溢出效应与地区TFP——基于省级面板门槛模型的实证分析

在考虑经济运行互动关系中内在非线性结构的前提下,从金融深化角度探究了外商直接投资（FDI）对地区全要素生产率（TFP）的溢出效应的影响机制,采用1992-2011年我国29个省级单位的面板数据,通过运用非线性理论的“门槛模型”检验和回归方法,以金融深化为门槛变量,实证研究了外商直接投资对地区全要素生产率的影响.结果发现,总体上金融深化和外商直接投资都有利于提高全要素生产率,且存在基于金融深化的“双门槛效应”,即不同地区的金融深化水平对外商直接投资的溢出效应的影响存在非线性的结构变化,随着金融深化和发展水平的不断提高,外商直接投资的溢出效应呈区间递增的态势.     

Determinants of Regional Investment Decisions in China: An Econometric Model of Tax Incentive Policy

This paper examines whether concessionary tax rates and tax incentives can attract foreign direct investment (FDI) into certain designated areas in China. Since China opened its doors to foreign investors in 1979, tax benefits have been used extensively to attract FDI into different areas. In 1991, a new tax law was introduced which superseded two previous income tax laws. This new law provides additional tax benefits which improve the investment environment for foreign investors. This study investigates the effect of China's tax rates and tax incentive policy on FDI and on the locational choices of foreign firms. Our empirical results indicate that tax rates and incentives are important determinants of regional investment decisions in China, after controlling for potential confounding variables covering infrastructure, unemployment rate, wage rate and agglomeration economics. Specifically, areas offering lower tax rates and increased tax incentives are found to attract greater amounts of FDI. The impetus of the tax effect on FDI is more apparent in the post-1991 period due to changes in the tax laws. Our results also suggest that infrastructure variables are important determinants of regional investment decisions.     

FDI and Economic Development: Evidence from China’s Regional Growth

Abstract:

Using China’s provincial data for 1978–2011, we examine the channels through which foreign direct investment (FDI) affects China’s regional growth and inequality. We find that FDI facilitates growth by enhancing physical and human capital accumulation. FDI also has a negative effect on output growth by crowding out domestic investment, reducing local government revenue, and increasing the opportunity cost of technology innovations. The imbalance of FDI inflows among regions widens the interregional growth gap through its effect on physical capital accumulation and technology progress while it narrows the growth gap by affecting the level of higher education, industrial structure, government revenue, degree of openness, and trade surplus.     

金融生态环境质量的资金“洼地”效应——基于空间计量模型的检验

在理论上,金融生态环境的改善能够提高本地区对外来资本的吸引力,从而促进本地区的资本积累。本文以外商直接投资实际利用额作为外来资本的代理变量,基于中国分省面板数据,采用空间计量模型检验了金融生态环境质量的资金"洼地"效应。结果发现,金融生态环境的改善具有显著的资金"洼地"效应,并且实证结论具有稳健性。     

中国农民收入差异分析

本文利用泰尔指数来测算我国农民收入的差异,发现新世纪以来我国农民收入的不平等经历了一个先上升后下降的阶段;进一步对农民收入按来源进行分解发现工资性收入造成的不平等仍是不平等的主要来源,但是财产性收入和转移性收入对不平等的贡献逐年增大,转移支付并没有成为缩小收入差距的一种有效手段;最后文章基于VECM模型研究了抚养系数与工资性收入的长期动态关系,一定程度上解释了造成工资性收入巨大差异的原因.     

Financial factors in foreign direct investments: A dynamic analysis of international data

In contrast to existing empirical foreign direct investment (FDI) studies that examine the static effects of strategic or real economic variables, this paper focuses on the impacts of financial variables on FDI outflows for four largest industrial countries using dynamic time series methods. The results show that FDI outflows are non-stationary but have a long-run cointegrating relationship with real exchange rates. In addition, there are causal effects of exchange rates on direct investments in the short run. Multivariate cointegration analysis shows the significance of financial channels such as cost of capital and real wealth through which the real exchange rate effects operate. The effects of financial channels are comparable to those of the real wage rate channel. Overall, the present paper provides significant and methodologically consistent international evidence for dynamic interactions between FDIs and financial variables.     

The Effect of Inflation on Wage Inequality: A North–South Monetary Model of Endogenous Growth with International Trade

This study analyzes the effects of inflation on intra- and intercounty wage inequality, specialization, and growth, using a North–South endogenous growth model with international trade and money. The relationship between inflation and intracountry wage inequality depends on firms' credit constraints and on the inflation levels. Our results indicate that inflation decreases specialization in skilled production and increases intracountry wage inequality. Moreover, increasing inflation in the South increases the wage inequality gap between countries. Theoretical results are confirmed through calibration and match with existing empirical evidence.     

Trade Liberalization and Industry Wage Structure: Evidence from Brazil

Industry affiliation provides an important channel through whichtrade liberalization can affect worker earnings and wage inequalitybetween skilled and unskilled workers. This empirical studyof the impact of the 1988–94 trade liberalization in Brazilon the industry wage structure suggests that although industryaffiliation is an important component of worker earnings, thestructure of industry wage premiums is relatively stable overtime. There is no statistical association between changes inindustry wage premiums and changes in trade policy or betweenindustry-specific skill premiums to university graduates andtrade policy. Thus trade liberalization in Brazil did not significantlycontribute to increased wage inequality between skilled andunskilled workers through changes in industry wage premiums.The difference between these results and those obtained forother countries (such as Colombia and Mexico) provides fruitfulground for studying the conditions under which trade reformsdo not have an adverse effect on industry wage differentials.     

FDI与公共支出促进经济增长的实证分析

大部分研究认为FDI或公共支出分别独立的对经济增长发生作用,关于经济增长的理论模型很少将两个因素放在一起研究它们对经济增长的影响。本文通过建立一个含有FDI和公共支出的动态模型,其中把FDI作为技术进步的原因,利用我国1986-2003年的面板数据,分东部地区和中西部地区两个样本对公共支出和FDI促进经济增长的影响进行了实证分析。发现公共支出在两个样本中对经济增长都有促进作用,而FDI在中西部地区对经济增长有明显的促进作用,在东部地区对经济增长的促进作用不明显。     

汇改前后人民币汇率传递的贸易收支效应——基于各省市面板数据模型的实证分析

本文基于中国31个省市自治区1997-2012年的数据,分东部、中部和西部等样本实证分析了人民币实际有效汇率、GDP、FDI和汇改政策虚拟变量等对进出口影响的地区差异和动态效应,采用GMM分析方法,实证发现人民币实际有效汇率对进出口贸易有一定的影响,FDI和GDP对进出口有促进作用和替代作用,且存在着区域差异,因此建议在逐步进行人民币汇率改革的同时兼顾各地区经济的均衡和可持续发展,控制可能存在的风险。