沂蒙山区红色旅游资源的现状分析与开发建议

通过分析沂蒙山区红色旅游资源特点,梳理了沂蒙山区红色旅游资源种类,指出该地区发展红色旅游存在的问题,对沂蒙山区红色旅游资源未来的开发利用提出建议。     

沂蒙山区的蜜源植物

沂蒙山区主要蜜源植物有 1 3科 ,1 8种 ;辅助蜜源植物有 63科 ,1 46种 ;有毒蜜源植物 2科 ,2种。介绍了其分布、保护和开发利用状况     

山区退耕还林的调控对策分析--以临沂市沂蒙山区为例

退耕还林是改善山区生态环境,促进地区经济可持续发展的重要途径。尤其在沂蒙山区,多年来由于自然和人为因素的影响,生态环境恶化,严重制约着社会和经济的发展,所以退耕还林工作具有艰巨性和长期性。在论述临沂沂蒙山区退耕还林的现状和存在的问题及有利条件的基础上,分析了退耕还林的调控对策。     

增强贫困山区农村自身的造血功能——略论沂蒙山区贫困县的治穷致富之路

一、贫困症结所在 山东省沂水、沂源、沂南、蒙阴、费县、平邑属于沂蒙山区贫困县。现有433.6万人口,1,816个自然村,总面积11,070平方公里,其中耕地面积549万亩。党的十一届三中全会以来,贯彻执行中央的方针政策,实行了联产承包制,初步调整了农业内部结构,林、牧、副、渔业产值在农业总产值中所占比重有所提高,林果和养殖业有了恢复和发展。但是,目前沂蒙山区仍然是贫困     

公告信息

<正>《江苏省水土保持条例》3月1日起实施《江苏省水土保持条例》3月1日起施行。《条例》为江苏省更好地依法预防和治理水土流失,保护和合理利用水土资源,维护生态安全提供了法律依据。各级政府及有关部门要严格依法行政,采取积极措施,努力担当起防治水土流失的责任。要充分利用各种媒体,采取多种形式,广泛开展水土保持国策宣传教育,努力增强全民水土保持     

论黑龙江省黑土地区低产田的水土保持

本文对黑土区基本情况作了介绍;对水土流失在粮食产量方面影响及危害作了分析并指出其原因;通过系统诊断反映了水土保持与粮食产量之关系;说明了水土保持在本区低产田改造中的作用;提出了保持水土,改造低产农田的途径措施。     

水土保持投资效果及影响评价

以公共物品和外部性等经济学理论为依据,揭示了水土保持投资的经济学含义.以水土保持投资对发展区域农业生产和减小农民贫困度的作用为重点,研究了水土保持投资的激励机制,分析了影响水土保持投资的主要因素,提出了水土保持投资效果及影响的评价框架、评价方法.通过与国际水土保持经济研究进展进行比较,提出了中国水土保持投资影响评价有待改进之处.     

坡地果草间作,提高水土保持综合效益

指出坡地单独种植果树对水土保持不利的方面;分析了果树下种牧草对水土保持、培肥地力、形成局部小气候和的促进牧业发展的优越性;林草间作要因地制宜、科学实施。     

云南省水土保持监测工作 全面铺开 重点突破 取得较好成绩

近年来，云南省的水土保持监测工作依据水土保持法律法规和水利部《水土保持生态环境监测网络管理办法》，扎实推进全省水土保持监测预报工作，取得了较好成绩。一是积极开展了全省2004年土壤侵蚀现状遥感调查，基本形成了全省水土流失状况本底数据库，为发布全省的水土保持公告做好了技术资料准备；二是配合水利部水土保持监测中心完成了全国水土保持监测网络和信息系统工程云南部分的建设，     

水土保持与农业经济增长、减贫关系的实证研究

本文运用计量经济方法,分析我国水土保持对农业经济发展、减贫的贡献。研究表明,以水土流失治理面积表示的水土保持对我国农业GDP直接影响不是很大,但将会有力地推动我国农业经济的长期增长;水土保持对提高农村居民人均纯收入具有统计上的显著影响,能有力地减缓贫困;但农业GDP的增长并不能直接增加水土流失治理的面积。     

经验水蚀预报模型的国内外研究进展

土壤侵蚀预报模型是土壤侵蚀科学研究的重点内容之一,其中,水蚀模型又是土壤侵蚀定量研究的重要方法。国内外对水蚀预报模型已开展了大量的研究,取得了显著的进展和成果,经验水蚀预报模型受到众多学者的普遍关注,推动了该模型的不断完善和发展,对于水蚀预报、水土保持和水土资源持续利用有着重要的意义。论文在梳理大量文献基础上,对国内外水蚀预报模型发展进行了对比分析,以期为经验水蚀预报模型的进一步研究和应用提供参考。     

小浪底库周与移民安置区环境影响研究

分析了小浪底工程对库周及移民安置区土地、生物、水资源以及公共卫生的影响,对该区的可持续发展提出了水土保持、调整农业结构、防止水土流失、小流域综合治理、建立保护区、加强环境管理等相应的对策。     

三峡库区退耕还林:机遇与挑战

三峡库区退耕还林是解决坡耕地水土流失的重要的措施 ,是保护、恢复与重建山地生态系统、调整农村产业结构、加快农村经济及绿色农业的发展的机遇 ,同时又是对传统耕作制度、农村科技服务体系及基层政府及组织职能的挑战。     

A pragmatic approach for soil erosion risk assessment within policy hierarchies

This paper presents a methodological framework for scale-specific assessment of soil erosion by water. The framework enables the definition of hierarchical, functional and modular nested reference units which result from the integrated consideration of policy, process and model hierarchies. The framework is applied on three planning levels: at first, large scale zones are designated that show a defined risk potential for soil erosion (first level: catchments and drainage areas in the German Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt, ca. 20,000 km²). By both increasing model complexity and spatio-temporal resolution of input data, the results are locally specified within these risk zones (second level: designated farms and fields in a study area of 141 km²). This is the basis for the prediction of soil erosion areas and sediment transport to hydrologic drainage networks as well as for small scale management and measure planning (third level: designated field blocks in the study area). On this level, the mitigation of soil erosion and sediment entry to the river system is demonstrated by simulating the introduction of conservation management practices, vegetation and riparian buffer strips.     

基于全极化SAR与多光谱的喀斯特山区农村林地提取

[目的]为加快推动贵州省"互联网+"林业建设,打破贵州喀斯特高原山区遥感监测瓶颈,选取了空间分辨率8m的Radarsat-2全极化SAR数据与空间分辨率6m的SPOT 6多光谱影像作为数据源,探究微波与光学遥感结合在喀斯特山区农村地区的林地提取技术。[方法]首先采用ENVI SARscape与NEST软件对SAR图像预处理。将Radarsat-2全极化数据与SPOT 6标准假彩色影像进行HSV融合。计算融合图像的平均梯度、信息熵、标准差与均值,评价出最优融合效果的极化方式。基于K均值(K-means)与最大期望(EM聚类)聚类算法分割图像,选择合适的算法,基于聚类分割的阈值进行面向对象的林地分类。最后,基于像素的混淆矩阵精度评价,结合贵州省林业厅调查数据、野外样方和航拍图,建立参考样本评价分类结果。[结果](1)融合之后,目视解译出林地边缘明显但较粗糙;对于在林地中小面积建筑物、农田中的较分散的林地小图斑能够识别,但边缘粗糙;有林地和灌木林地在色调上区分明显;在融合后的明度图中的灌木林地有明度较大的像元,此类像元为石旮旯地。(2)通过定量分析,融合之后的影像较SAR和光学数据信息量大。同极化平均梯度大于交叉极化,HH极化方式下各指标最大。图像EM聚类分割比K-means聚类更加细化。EM聚类图像的特征区分明显;(3)研究分类出了有林地、灌木林地和其他林地。面向对象的林地分类总体分类精度达到85.71%。[结论]研究将微波与光学遥感结合,为喀斯特山区中农村地区的林地提取提供新思路,与传统的林地监测相比,数据获取快捷,提高工作效率,精度准确。有助于通过遥感的手段解决地块破碎区域的林地提取问题,为提高多源遥感技术在喀斯特农村地区中的林地智能监测的能力提供借鉴。     

Household adoption behaviour of improved soil conservation: the case of the North Pare and West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania

The mountains in the northeastern part of Tanzania have been experiencing declining soil fertility and severe soil erosion due to increased cultivation and other factors attributed to population pressure. This study gives the main results of an analysis of household adoption behaviour towards the use of improved soil conservation measures. An interdisciplinary analytical framework for analyzing household adoption behaviour is presented. The framework links three components of the adoption decision process: the perception of the erosion problem, the decision to use improved conservation measures and the level of investment or effort devoted to soil conservation among adopters. Data collected from a random sample of 300 heads of households was used to estimate logit models of perception of the erosion problem and of adoption of improved conservation measures, and a Poisson regression model of effort devoted to conservation. The results show that participation in promotional activities of soil and water conservation (SWC) programmes influences the adoption decision process at all three stages. Also, ranking of soil erosion as the priority problem in agricultural production, participation in labour-sharing groups and having off-farm income influence the willingness and ability to use improved soil conservation technologies and the level of soil conservation effort.     

中国水土流失防治机制的构建与发展

为促进水土流失防治研究,保障生态安全并与社会经济协调发展,探索科学、高效的防治机制,对中华人民共和国成立以来我国水土流失防治机制的演进过程和取得的成就进行了总结和梳理,对存在的机制上的问题进行了分析。建议加强和提升数据服务决策的能力建设、法制化防治工作的管理与协调,建立健全依据科学、行之有效的水土保持生态补偿机制,规范化、制度化、法制化地保障市场机制的稳健、高效运行。     

Land titling policy and soil conservation in the northern uplands of Vietnam

In Vietnam, a quasi-private property regime has been established in 1993 with the issuance of exchangeable and mortgageable long-term land use right certificates. Using primary qualitative and quantitative data collected in a mountainous district of Northern Vietnam, this paper investigates the role of the land policy in the adoption of soil conservation technologies by farmers. This issue is of crucial importance in the region where population growth and growing market demands have induced farmers to intensify agricultural production. While poverty has been reduced, environmental problems such as soil erosion, landslides, and declining soil fertility have become more severe over the past years. Our findings suggest that despite farmers’ awareness of erosion, soil conservation technologies are perceived as being economically unattractive; therefore, most upland farmers continue to practice the prevailing erosion-prone cultivation system. Focusing on agroforestry as one major soil conservation option, we estimate household and plot-level econometric models to empirically assess the determinants of adoption. We find that the possession of a formal land title positively influences adoption, but that the threat of land reallocations in villages discourages adoption by creating uncertainty and tenure insecurity. The analyses reveal that these two effects interact with each other but are of small magnitude. We conclude that the issuance of land titles is a necessary but not sufficient prerequisite to encouraging the adoption of soil conservation practices. However, current practices remain economically unattractive to farmers. This deficiency needs to be addressed by interdisciplinary research and complemented by strong efforts by local authorities to promote sustainable land use.     

水土保持在城市绿地规划设计中的应用

城市绿地的建设虽然可以在短时间改善城市植被覆盖率,提升人均绿地面积,但是其是否可以起到有效地防治水土流失的作用则是一个关键的问题。通过分析城市绿地可能发生水土流失的原因,探讨了在城市绿地中水土保持措施的布置原则,并且提出了水土保持措施的设计方法,以期为城市绿地规划设计进一步提供科学指导。