Too few university graduates. Inclusiveness and effectiveness of the Italian higher education system

Despite the absence of formal entry barriers, Italy is lagging behind the majority of the developed countries in the share of young individuals with tertiary education. Exploiting the administrative data of a large public Italian institution, we analyze student academic careers across recent matriculation cohorts. We propose a flexible discrete-time competing risks estimation that allows overcoming some major limitations of conventional competing risks models. We find that student pathways vary tremendously across prior schooling profiles: for example, the within 4-year dropout probability ranges between 10% and 77%. We observe improvements over time in retention and time-to-degree, and by decomposing changes into components related to the composition of the enrolled population, the choice of the field of study and ‘individual behavior’ after enrolment, we find that the latter plays a major role. However, the improvement is limited in size and does not interest students from the vocational track. Since this progress is not accompanied by an increase in the share of students making the transition from high school to university, altogether our results call for great concern over the inclusiveness and effectiveness of the Italian university system.     

高校教师间知识转移的分析研究

知识转移和共享是知识价值链的一个重要环节,如何促进教师知识的转移和共享,已成为高校知识管理的重要组成部分。本文在分析知识转移的内容及特性的基础上,应用博弈论的有关方法,对教师间的知识转移行为进行了分析研究,并提出了激发教师自愿进行知识转移和共享的激励措施。     

An evaluation of higher education sector to the economy

Economic sectors consider the contribution of higher education sector. The big majority of the students studying at universities in North Cyprus come from overseas and they compose a big proportion in the population of North Cyprus and they contribute to the economy of North Cyprus as well as to the others involved. According to educational economists, the main source of economic development is the quality and level of education individuals receive. The quality of education has a big effect on the socio-politic and economic structure of a community. This, obviously, indicates the importance of universities for the communities and economy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of individual education to economy and the development of the country as well as the positive contribution of the universities to the economy of the country. A case study, one of qualitative research models, was conducted in this study. As for the study group, an “intentional sampling”, a model without selection, model was used. In this process, representatives from sectors, public organizations, and organizations in economy operating in the North Cyprus were interviewed and questioned through semi-structured interview forms. The research data was analyzed through content-analysis method and the contribution of the research has been presented as suggestions for the future.     

高职院校素质教育的探索与思考

本文明确了高职院校素质教育的科学涵义,简要总结概括了国内外高职院校素质教育的做法和经验,依照高职教育人才培养目标构建了高职学生的素质教育体系,探索了高职院校素质教育的方式和途径,以及高职院校素质教育的评价体系。     

Quality assurance in higher education: analysis of grades for reviewing course levels

In quality assurance, degree courses in European higher education have to demonstrate the course level by means of results. These courses produce many results, among them grades, referring to teachers’ evaluations of students’ performances, and it is our proposal to use them as an effective mean to reflect the course level. Our study examines the criteria that are needed to analyze grades as significant indicators for course levels. We considered what might constitute empirical proof of valid grades and from this analysis we established that the main proof of valid grades consists of measurements of construct validity, scale reliability, intercorrelation and face validity. The analyses delivered insights into the relationship between the proof of valid grades and elements of the curriculum. In the light of these insights we developed four characteristics as reference points for curricula realizing the course level. Following these points, we draw up a procedure to create such curricula. This procedure is explored in a study with eight bachelor degree courses. The conclusion is that the procedure traces the causes of invalid grades and confirms that valid grades are significant indicators of the course level.     

高等职业院校人才培养督导评价调研报告

本文通过对北京市部分高职院校以及其他省市的实地走访调查,梳理了北京市高等职业院校督导评价的现状,同时借鉴英国苏格兰地区继续教育学院督导评价的方法和经验,从提高督导的权威性、科学性、适用性、体系性、专业性五个方面提出了完善高等职业院校督导评价的政策建议。     

校企合作人才培养模式下高职教学及其管理改革探讨

建立校企合作人才培养模式,是发展高职教育、提升高职人才培养质量和学生就业率的必然选择,同时也对高职院校传统的教学模式和教学管理提出了新的挑战。本文结合北京经济管理职业学院的实践探索,就校企合作人才培养模式下高职院校专业教学及其教学管理的改革进行了探讨。     

基于职业能力培养的“双主”教学系统设计及应用--以高职会计专业为例

本文在调研分析的基础上,根据会计人员职业能力的基本要求,针对高职会计专业教学系统设计的现状和问题,提出了运用“双主”（教师为主导、学生为主体）教学系统设计模式改进教学的方式方法,以期在提升教师教学水平的同时,提升学生的职业能力,提高高职院校的人才培养质量。     

我国高职教育质量管理的基础框架及有效路径探析

本文提出我国高职教育应树立科学的质量观,并以此解构了高职教育质量管理体系的基础框架,探讨了高职教育质量管理的有效路径。     

浅谈我院图书馆建设如何适应高职教育

我国教育领域中"高职教育"这一层面的出现,将会引起教育理论和教育实践方面的变革.随着我院高职生源的不断增加,作为成人院校的图书馆,必须面对这一现实,积极转变观念,勇于创新实践,在创新中加强管理,在改革实践中使图书馆建设与"高职教育"相适应.     

浅谈高等职业教育的发展

文章介绍了我国高职教育的特点和发展概况,分析了高职院校的生源特点,并有针对性地提出了因材施教的方法。     

湖南移动公司移动数据业务深度运营策略研究

文章通过分析移动数据业务的营运环境、发展趋势及消费需求变化,提出了湖南移动公司移动数据业务深度运营的＂三转一化＂基本策略,即实现运营商职能和角色转变,实现＂产品模式＂向＂运营模式＂转变,实现粗放式营销向体验营销、融合营销、聚合营销、精确营销等多元化营销转变,以及实现业务平台化发展,聚焦核心价值。     

Non‐parametric bounds on quantiles under monotonicity assumptions: with an application to the Italian education returns

Within the inferential context of predicting a distribution of potential outcomes P[y(t)] under a uniform treatment assignment t ∈ T, this paper deals with partial identification of the α‐quantile of the distribution of interest Q_α[y(t)] under relatively weak and credible monotonicity‐type assumptions on the individual response functions and the population selection process. On the theoretical side, the paper adds to the existing results on non‐parametric bounds on quantiles with no prior information and under monotone treatment response (MTR) by introducing and studying the identifying properties of α‐quantile monotone treatment selection (α‐QMTS), α‐quantile monotone instrumental variables (α‐QMIV) and their combinations. The main result parallels that for the mean; MTR and α‐QMTS aid identification in a complementary fashion, so that combining them greatly increases identification power. The theoretical results are illustrated through an empirical application on the Italian returns to educational qualifications. Bounds on several quantiles of ln(wage) under different qualifications and on quantile treatments effects (QTE) are estimated and compared with parametric quantile regression (α‐QR) and α‐IVQR estimates from the same sample. Remarkably, the α‐QMTS & MTR upper bounds on the α‐QTE of a college degree versus elementary education imply smaller year‐by‐year returns than the corresponding α‐IVQR point estimates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于高职课程目标的再探讨

课程目标是课程开发和实施的逻辑起点,是高职从业者从事高职教育必须深入思考的问题.能力的内涵包括专业能力、方法能力和社会能力,以能力为目标设计和实施课程,首先课程内容要从工作岗位实际需要的技能选取,否则难以培养学生的专业能力;教学方式应以学生为主体,激发出学生参与课堂的内在动能,否则难以培养学生的方法能力和社会能力.以实际岗位的项目为载体,在学生学习中训练学生的合作能力和工作责任感,恰恰是高等职业教育属性所要求的.因此,只有坚持高职课程目标的能力定位,课程内容的选择和教学方法才有理论支点.     

高职教育考试考核方式改革探讨

考试是检验教师授课水平和学生学习成绩的重要手段,在整个教学环节中具有举足轻重的地位和旗帜鲜明的导向作用。本文以北京经济管理职业学院为例,结合高职教育的培养目标和人才培养特点,分析了现行考试考核方式存在的主要问题,在此基础上,试图构建一套科学客观的评价体系。     

品质管理探究——以上海慧高为例

伴随目前经济增速放缓的趋势,产品质量的保证是企业在竞争激烈的市场环境中保持竞争优势的关键。本文通过对上海慧高品质管理问题的现状,对影响产品质量的关键因素进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了产品质量管理改善的相关对策。     

高等学校教育成本的影响因素分析

本文从高等学校的自身特征、宏观环境和微观环境等方面,对高等学校教育成本的影响因素进行了分析,并指出高等学校教育成本持续上升是社会发展的必然趋势。     

The economic returns to schooling for Italian men. An evaluation based on instrumental variables

We study the relationship between (log) hourly earnings and schooling for male household heads in Italy, using cross-sectional data from the 1993 and 1995 waves of the Bank of Italy (BI) survey on the income and wealth of Italian households. In line with international evidence, we find that OLS under-estimate the return to schooling. When the endogeneity of schooling is taken into account, the return to an additional year in school increases from 4.8% to 5.6%. This estimate is lower than the estimates tabulated by Card [Card, D., 1994. Earnings, Schooling and Ability Revisited. NBER Working Paper no. 4832.] for the United States. We also find evidence that this return increases with higher levels of educational attainment.     

从数学的文化价值探讨高等数学教育

文章从数学文化价值的角度出发,结合我国高等数学教育的实际,探讨了两者间的关系。