概率归纳逻辑的兴起

从穆勒等人对或然性的探讨,经耶方斯对概率归纳逻辑的开创,到卡尔纳普代表的现代概率归纳逻辑体系,考察了概率归纳逻辑的发展历程,从中揭示其兴起的原因,并分析现代归纳逻辑发展的一些新趋势。     

基于行为决策理论的投资决策研究：发展及实践意义

以“理性人”假设为基础的传统财务决策理论将决策者独立于投资决策过程之外，认为决策者完全能够依据理性决策模型做出最优的决策，但现实并非如此。本文对行为决策理论中关于投资决策的研究文献进行了梳理，揭示了决策者的行为特征会影响到投资决策及投资回报率的设定，展望了行为决策理论在我国的发展前景及实践意义。     

劳动价值论的构图——一种马克思主义整体解读观

当下劳动价值论所遭遇的危机,需要实践性的根本解决。整体解读劳动价值论,其在方法论与理论的结合层面形成系统的扩展张力,展开为劳动-价值-价格的研究主线和逻辑发展图景。形成三个层面的结构性认识:(1)劳动是历史二重的规定,构图为本体论上的存在和机制,从中细化出同质劳动、异质劳动范畴;(2)价值是社会总体的规定,构图为关于社会实体的存在和机制,从中细化出同质商品、异质商品范畴;(3)价格是政治实践的规定,构图为关于现象运动的存在和机制,从中细化出社会价格、内部价格范畴。这些不同层级的存在及其运动机制,形成为系统总体的差别的统一。该研究表明:劳动价值论不仅是一种理论关系,更为主要地,也是一种实践关系,应在寻求逻辑(方法)和认识(理论)的现实统一中,实现对事实的全部理解。     

马克思价值规定的质的解析

马克思的价值规定有两个基本前提,即“政治经济学只研究财富的社会形式”和“交换必有共通物”,其价值概念具有自然属性与社会属性两重性质;价值的本质是社会分工条件下生产者个人与社会的矛盾关系;马克思的价值规定存在着既排斥使用价值又严格依赖于使用价值的内在矛盾。马克思通过从“社会总劳动”到“社会劳动”的概念替代“化解”了内在矛盾,并通过劳动二重性理论构建起价值规定的完整逻辑形式。但事实上,概念替代和劳动二重性仅仅掩盖了矛盾,并没有真正化解它,反而使价值规定更加远离了其现实基础——使用价值。     

A taxonomic review of methods and tools applied in technology assessment

Technology Assessment (TA) has been a growing field of management study for the past four decades. An increasing number of studies have been carried out over the years contributing to the development of TA literature. Some of these studies summarized the history and growth of the field during its evolution. However, there has been no effort made to present an overview of the methods and tools that have been cited in TA literature. This paper attempts to fill that void. A thorough review of the TA articles published in leading journals in the management of technology field is conducted to identify the research methods or tools in those studies. The paper provides an introductory review of the use of technology assessment terminology during its development, which helps the readers avoid the confusion of the TA concept since its origination in public decision making forty years ago and where it is now — widely adopted in other sectors. A thorough presentation of the approaches, methods and tools that have been introduced or employed in both mainstream TA and “inverted TA” studies is then provided. The main content of the paper is related to the works published in leading international journals that involve certain research methods or techniques.     

组织学习影响科技型企业连续并购决策的实证分析

并购是科技型企业的重要成长方式,并购中的组织学习对科技型企业提高并购绩效至关重要。利用生存回归方法,分析科技型企业并购经验惯例和并购绩效反馈对连续并购决策的影响,探究并购中组织学习机制。研究结果显示,并购次数多、并购绩效反馈好,则企业作出连续并购决策的概率大,好的并购绩效反馈会强化并购次数对连续并购决策的影响。     

马克思劳动价值论的现实性

任何社会经济理论都需要有现实性才能确立其地位.马克思劳动价值论的现实性来自对所处时代基本特征的准确把握及演绎,在半个多世纪里经受住了实践的检验.随着资本主义社会发生重大变化,劳动价值论的现实性不可避免地转变成了它的历史局限性.     

论坚持和发展马克思劳动价值论的思想方法

当前 ,马克思的劳动价值论面临着类似于李嘉图学派解体的危险。要坚持和发展劳动价值论 ,至关重要的是端正思想方法。在理论与实际出现差距时 ,既不能放弃理论 ,也不能固守和诡辩 ,而必须根据实践修正理论 ;在修正理论时 ,必须采取正确的提问方式 ,不能采取纯粹经济学和“工具主义”的视角 ,而必要从深层次对理论本身进行提问 ;在坚持和发展理论方面 ,必须采取正确的态度 ,不能采取笼统坚持或否定的态度 ,而必须采取在区分理论本身的不变成分和可变成分的基础上予以辨证扬弃的态度     

论社会主义社会的劳动和劳动价值

本文探讨了社会主义社会劳动和劳动价值理论。文中指出 ,必须全面、准确地把握马克思关于价值创造的理论与方法 ;澄清传统政治经济学中一系列并不完全符合马克思原意、更脱离现实经济生活的观念 ;发展马克思主义的劳动价值理论 ,扩展价值创造和生产性劳动的领域     

基于行为决策理论的腐败行为分析及其治理

通过对行为决策理论的腐败选择行为模型的分析和研究,我们发现,对于面对损失具有风险偏好倾向的腐败者,虽然位卑权小时廉洁守法,升职后却可能走向腐败.而且,一个弹性的惩罚制度环境会增加行为人的违规价值预期,强化行为人逃避严惩的侥幸心理,加剧腐败行为蔓延.所以,建立科学合理的用人机制,优化监督环境,提高惩罚制度的执行力,是遏制腐败蔓延的有效手段.     

经理股票期权的效用分析--以美国的ESO制度为例

经理股票期权被认为是解决国有企业效率低下的一剂良药，而上市公司要求使用ESO的呼声也越来越高。但是期权计划的成功与否的关键因素之一是使用对其了解程度，尤其是关于它的理论基础和实践效果。     

Value of information analysis in healthcare: a review of principles and applications

Background:

Economic evaluations are increasingly utilized to inform decisions in healthcare; however, decisions remain uncertain when they are not based on adequate evidence. Value of information (VOI) analysis has been proposed as a systematic approach to measure decision uncertainty and assess whether there is sufficient evidence to support new technologies.

Scope:

The objective of this paper is to review the principles and applications of VOI analysis in healthcare. Relevant databases were systematically searched to identify VOI articles. The findings from the selected articles were summarized and narratively presented.

Findings:

Various VOI methods have been developed and applied to inform decision-making, optimally designing research studies and setting research priorities. However, the application of this approach in healthcare remains limited due to technical and policy challenges.

Conclusion:

There is a need to create more awareness about VOI analysis, simplify its current methods, and align them with the needs of decision-making organizations.     

现代科学劳动探索

本文在研究科学劳动基本原理的基础上,创造性地提出由科学劳动发展为现代科学劳动的新概念,分析了现代科学劳动一系列基本原理,指出它是当代劳动价值论的本质范畴和核心理论,是“对事实的全部理解的基础”,象劳动二重性那样,成为发展劳动价值论的重要内容。     

Finite-dimensional utilities

Summary. Sufficient axioms are identified for the existence of a finite- dimensional quasilinear utility function whose lexicographically ordered vectors preserve a decision maker's preference order on a mixture set . It is shown that those axioms are also necessary for the linear lexicographic representation when the underlying set is a mixture space. Received: August 20, 1998; revised version: December 14, 1998     

基于前景理论的科技型小微企业合作研发决策研究

合作研发是科技型小微企业寻求可持续发展的重要途径,现实中却存在着科技型小微企业合作研发意愿强烈,但鲜有合作研发行为的矛盾。基于前景理论,以技术溢出率、利润分配、知识转化率和信息搜寻成本为关键变量,分别构建了合作研发、独立研发和模仿3种决策方案的价值函数、决策权重函数和期望效用函数。通过比较前景值分析科技型小微企业合作研发行为的实现条件,并运用算例分析验证了模型的有效性。研究表明：技术溢出率、利润分配、知识转化率和信息搜寻成本通过影响3种方案的收益增量影响风险态度;面临合作研发与独立研发决策时,科技型小微企业表现为风险偏好,倾向于选择独立研发;面临模仿与合作研发决策时,科技型小微企业表现为风险规避,倾向于选择模仿。     

马克思劳动价值论的数学原理

根据马克思的劳动价值理论,明确提出了价值函数的基本假定和基本公式;在此基础上,通过引入短期和长期生产函数,推导出相应的短期和长期价值函数;并借助短期和长期价值函数,具体分析了商品价值量在短期和长期中的变化规律,特别是详细讨论了劳动变化、资本变化、劳动和资本同时变化、劳动和资本同时和同比例变化以及生产函数变化对价值量的影响.     

The irreversibility effect in environmental decisionmaking

We provide a new, more general, definition for the irreversibility effect and demonstrate its relevance to problems involving environmental and other decisions under uncertainty. We establish several analytical and numerical results that suggest both that the effect holds more widely than generally recognized, and that an existing result (Epstein’s Theorem), giving a sufficient condition for determining whether the effect holds, can be applied more widely than previously indicated, in particular to problems involving intertemporally nonseparable benefit functions. We further show that a low elasticity of intertemporal substitution will however result in failure of the effect.      

严复自由主义经济思想的哲学思辨

严复借助于经济人模式和建立自由主义经济的思路,重新解读人性和人的存在,解构了传统人性论生物性与社会性对立的思维,并由抽象的人性观照转向关注人的个体性,使对人的理解,由传统的群体本位转向个体本位.在自由主义经济的语境中重构价值理念,肯定了两利基础上利益追求的舍道德性与合人性.确立利益主体与权力主体合一的主体意识,引发利益基础上人权的制度诉求.     

对劳动和劳动价值理论几个问题的思考

自马克思《资本论》发表 1 3 0多年来 ,世界发生了翻天覆地的变化 ,导致劳动领域的扩展和劳动形态的变化 ,对劳动价值论提出了一系列需要深化研究的新问题 ,诸如商品生产中的活劳动是不是价值创造的唯一源泉 ,物化劳动是不是参与价值创造 ,第三产业尤其是流通、服务领域的劳动是否创造价值 ,如何看待科技劳动、管理劳动 ,生产要素为什么要参与收入分配等等。本文试图运用唯物史观和唯物辨证法 ,结合人类社会发展历史和当前实践 ,对这些问题进行分析研究 ,并提出了一些初步的看法。     

Externalities,communication and the allocation of decision rights

The assignment of authority entitles the decision maker to undertake decisions that impose externalities on the payoffs of other members of the organization. This paper studies how the optimal allocation of decision rights depends on the preferences of the organization’s members. It adopts a mechanism-design approach to show how the communication of private information affects the efficient allocation of authority. An extension to multiple decision areas shows that decentralized control rights may enhance organizational efficiency unless there exist strong complementarities between different decisions.