Accuracy of self-reports on donations to charitable organizations

In this paper we assess overall accuracy in survey self-reports on giving to charitable organizations, direction of bias in self-reports, and the influence of this bias on relationships. We compare donations to one specific health charity reported in the Giving in the Netherlands Panel Study 2003 with donations recorded in the database (n =  191). We find that (a) reported donations are significantly higher than recorded donations; (b) reported amounts contributed are correlated very strongly with recorded contributions; (c) differences between amounts reported and amounts recorded are positively related to education, religious affiliation, and the tendency to social desirability, and negatively to household income. This suggests that effects of education are overestimated and effects of income and religious affiliation are underestimated using self-reports on donations rather than archival records.     

Urbanization effects on survey nonresponse: a test within and across cities

This paper addresses differences in survey response across city size by applying an explanation from House and Wolf to areas within cities. The data are from Toronto, Hamilton and Kitchener, in Canada. Consistent with other literature, response falls sharply from largest to smallest place, but variation in response rates within the cities is negligible. The intra-city analysis is accomplished by factor analyzing variables such as population density, crime rate and ethnic structure, mostly computed for census tracts, into a variable labelled social disorganization. What House and Wolf termed compositional variation in response is handled by record linking with municipal assessment information. The analysis is based on micro data taking the people listed for the sample as unit of observation.     

Price,wage and employment response to shocks: evidence from the WDN survey

We analyse the relative intensity and character of price vs. cost and wage vs. employment firm-level adjustment to cost-push shocks in the European System of Central Banks Wage Dynamics Network (WDN) survey data set. The results document several statistically significant and theoretically sensible relationships: price increases are less likely when product market competition is more intense, and more likely when collective wage agreements or employment protection legislation constrain firm-level reactions. We discuss how changes of such structural and institutional features of firms and of their environment may underlie the evolution of macroeconomic adjustment mechanisms in Europe.     

论水电安装在建筑工程中定位偏差的质量问题

文章阐述了住宅建筑中的水电安装定位偏差问题,并提出了相应的预防措施。     

Improving retrospective life course data by combining modularized self-reports and event history calendars: experiences from a large scale survey

Event history calendars (EHC) have proven to be a powerful tool for collecting retrospective autobiographical life course data. One problem is that they are only standardized to a limited extent. This restricts their applicability in large-scale surveys. However, in such surveys, a modularized retrospective CATI design can be combined with an EHC. This data revision module is directly integrated into the interview and used as a data revision module, allowing insights from cognitive psychology to be applied. The data revision module stimulates the respondent’s memory retrieval by detecting both temporal inconsistencies, such as gaps, and overlapping or parallel events. This approach was implemented in the IAB-ALWA study (Working and Learning in a Changing World), a large-scale representative telephone survey involving 10,000 respondents. By comparing the uncorrected data with the final data after revision, we can investigate to what extent the application of this data revision module improves data quality or, more precisely, time consistency and dating accuracy of individual reports.     

I didn't tell,and I won't tell: dynamic response error in the SIPP

Using state administrative records matched to the 1984 Survey of Income and Program Participation, we examine intertemporal relationships in response errors. False negative errors in reporting food stamps are highly correlated across interviews for the same household. Hypotheses that the error process can be explained by learning behaviour are not supported. Bivariate probit of response error in two periods reveals that responses to covariates are stable over time and the latent error terms are positively correlated. These findings support the hypothesis that respondents have a latent tendency to cooperate (or not cooperate) with surveys. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

To merge or not to merge: That is the question

In this paper we analyze the implementation of socially optimal mergers when the regulator is not informed about all parameters that determine social and private gains from potential mergers. We show that implementation requires a certain degree of agreement between social and private incentives. The most important example where this congruence is present is when the uncertainty refers to cost savings, because in this case society and firms want costs savings to be as high as possible. Then, it is possible to induce firms to truthfully reveal the costs savings induced by the merger.Received: 7 June 2001, Accepted: 14 June 2004, JEL Classification: D78, L13, L41This paper was presented at the First CODE meeting held in Barcelona, June 1997 and in seminars at the universities of Alicante, Caen, Carlos III, Bilbao, Complutense (Madrid) and Málaga. We would like to thank P. Amor ós, D. Cardona-Coll, P. Hammond, A. Lozano, C. Martinez, V. Merlin, D. Moreno, B. Moreno, D. Mookherjee, J. Naeve, P. Pereira, R. Renault, A. Snoy and F. Vega-Redondo for their useful comments. The authors are solely responsible for any remaining errors. They acknowledge financial support from CICYT BEC2002-02194, PB97-0120, BEC2001-0535 and the IVIE.     

浅析GPS在地籍测量中的信号传输误差及应对方法

文章结合GPS测量技术在地籍测量工作中的应用,分析了GPS信号传播中出现延迟、接收机误差等原因和解决方法。     

New technology: a survey of trade union response in Britain*

In this article, which is a version of a much larger report, the authors assess how the major trade unions, at conference and executive committee level, are responding in their policies and attitudes to the new technology.     

Optimal estimates and optimal predictors of finite population characteristics in the presence of nonresponse

Summary When samples from a finite population are studied, for instance by interview, there will usually be some units from which no response is obtained. In this paper optimal predictors of finite population characteristics, when nonresponse is present, are studied. The predictors are studied under simple regression superpopulation models. The optimal predictors are connected to the classical weighted sample estimates which are shown to be maximum likelihood estimates, provided the probability function is fully described by the sampling design. The predictors are compared with respects to their efficiencies for some simple models and a possible explanation to the fact that the poststratification estimate which compensate for nonresponse does no better than the simple estimate, is pointed out.     

Certification response: A response to Lengnick-Hall and Aguinis

Lengnick-Hall and Aguinis (2011) proposed a research agenda for determining the real value of human resource certification. Their proposal draws upon research on assessment, prediction, and adopts a multi-level approach for suggesting several research propositions that could be tested as part of a theory-based assessment of HR certification. The present response focuses on some challenges, not acknowledged by Lengnick-Hall and Aguinis (2011), that might make their proposals more difficult to carry out. The basic idea of assessing the value of this, or any type of certification, however, is not questioned and is surely worth pursuing.     

如何提高预测精度：作为一种过程的研究

预测未来很复杂,预测精度无疑是关键性的评价因素。为此,本文以提高精度为主线,试图通过对预测全过程的扫描,发现一些可能会带来预测理论突破的环节。本文从数据问题、时间影响、序列类型、方法选择、检验和校正等环节系统地分析了提高预测精度的一些方法或提出一些思路,其中有的是经验性的,有的则具有理论上的价值。     

The power of online panel paradata to predict unit nonresponse and voluntary attrition in a longitudinal design

The objective of this study is to identify factors affecting participation rates, i.e., nonresponse and voluntary attrition rates, and their predictive power in a probability-based online panel. Participation for this panel had already been investigated in the literature according to the socio-demographic and socio-psychological characteristics of respondents and different types of paradata, such as device type or questionnaire navigation, had also been explored. In this study, the predictive power of online panel participation paradata was instead evaluated, which was expected (at least in theory) to offer even more complex insight into respondents’ behavior over time. This kind of paradata would also enable the derivation of longitudinal variables measuring respondents’ panel activity, such as survey outcome rates and consecutive waves with a particular survey outcome prior to a wave (e.g., response, noncontact, refusal), and could also be used in models controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. Using the Life in Australia? participation data for all recruited members for the first 30 waves, multiple linear, binary logistic and panel random-effect logit regression analyses were carried out to assess socio-demographic and online panel paradata predictors of nonresponse and attrition that were available and contributed to the accuracy of prediction and the best statistical modeling. The proposed approach with the derived paradata predictors and random-effect logistic regression proved to be reasonably accurate for predicting nonresponse—with just 15 waves of online panel paradata (even without sociodemographics) and logit random-effect modeling almost four out of five nonrespondents could be correctly identified in the subsequent wave.

     

From the British worker question to the impact of HRM: understanding the relationship between employment relations and economic performance

The long‐running UK debate over the relationship between employment relations and economic performance is examined. Its four phases are identified as: British worker question, British economic miracle, ‘what do unions do?’ and Human Resource Management (HRM) and performance. Change in the terms of debate is observed. Important common threads are identified. Recommendations for future research are made.     

提高煤质分析准确性的措施

煤炭是人们生产和生活中不可或缺的重要能源,并且具有不可再生性,在短时间内也无法使用其他的能源作为代替。积极开展煤质分析工作,保证该项工作的准确性,是提升煤炭能源使用效率的重要前提。在开展煤质分析工作的过程中,需要积极采用一些切实可行的措施和手段,提升分析结果的准确性。     

Recruitment of new direct response donors: some implications for the future based on a survey from the past

The constant need to enlarge the universe of charitable donors has driven innovation and imagination in direct response fundraising for over fifteen years. Each time there is a new development in media and creativity, charities are stimulated to adopt a different approach when trying to cold recruit potential donors. This process dates back to early exploitation in the mid-70s of mass mailing to prospects, using the new medium of direct marketing. It has continued with key creative changes to the ‘call to give’ with experimentation with other media, from door-drops to direct response TV and with the introduction of banking systems that facilitate the collection of small monthly donations. This evolution will continue, as will the search for the most cost-effective route to increasing the value and reliability of donors. The quest for funds is increasingly competitive and is behind some of the most interesting developments in donor analysis and profile. Copyright © 1999 Henry Stewart Publications