中国与欧盟纺织品贸易的博弈分书

我国是纺织品生产、消费和出口大国，纺织品出口在中国对外贸易中占有非常重要的地位。2005年1月1日，全球纺织品配额体制宣告结束，纺织品国际贸易将进入自由化时代。中国与其他国家在纺织品贸易方面经常会出现一些摩擦，本文将对中国与欧盟最近在纺织品贸易方面产生的贸易摩擦进行博弈分析。文中还研究了取消出口关税对中国福利的影响，并讨论了中国在博弈中的占优策略。     

中国与欧盟纺织品贸易的博弈分析

我国是纺织品生产、消费和出口大国,纺织品出口在中国对外贸易中占有非常重要的地位。2005年1月1日,全球纺织品配额体制宣告结束,纺织品国际贸易将进入自由化时代。中国与其他国家在纺织品贸易方面经常会出现一些摩擦,本文将对中国与欧盟最近在纺织品贸易方面产生的贸易摩擦进行博弈分析。文中还研究了取消出口关税对中国福利的影响,并讨论了中国在博弈中的占优策略。     

内蒙古羊绒业对外贸易发展探析

根据乌拉圭回合达成的《纺织品与服装协议》，从2005年1月1日起，控制世界纺织品贸易40多年的配额制度划上句号。世贸组织成员间的纺织品出口配额全部取消，标志着全球纺织业进入纺织品贸易一体化。在中国加入WTO之初，世贸成员专门针对中国设置了限制措施，规定在2008年12月31日之前，进口成员可以对造成所谓“市场扰乱”的原产于中国的纺织品服装采取临时数量限制。因此，2005年1月1日至2008年12月31日，被称为中国纺织品出口的“配额时代”。     

废除纺织配额中国成最大赢家

美国和欧洲将从明年1月1日起取消纺织品和成衣进口配额．这将给规模接近5000亿美元的全球纺织品和成衣市场带来巨变。原因是根据1995年世界贸易组织(简称WTO)达成的一项协议．各成员国将于2005年取消主导全球纺织品贸易长达30年之久的配额制度．中国将成为纺织品配额制度取消后的赢家。     

配额取消呼唤有序竞争——专访中国纺织品进出口商会副会长曹新宇

自2005年1月1日起。延续了长达40多年的纺织品服装配额制度终于寿终正寝。与此同时中国海关总署发布公告自即日起开始对部分纺织品征收出口关税。国际上。配额取消所带来的影响和冲击也逐渐凸显出来。带着相关问题。近日我们专程拜访了中国纺织品进出口商会的曹新宇副会长。     

纺织品专题——“无形的手”推动中国纺织品前行——采访中国纺织品进出口商会副会长姜哲

2005年1月1日，对中国纺织品行业来说是一个特别的日子，这一天，长达数十年的纺织品配额体制终结——这标志着一个时代的结束。欧美等国家应该不再对中国纺织品加以配额限定，但好日子才过了5个多月，欧美等国却开始或准备对中国的出口成衣加以限制，其他方面的贸易摩擦也接踵而至。     

深圳纺织服装业如何面对“后配额时代”

从2005年1月1日起，世界贸易组织成员间的纺织品和服装进口配额全部取消，这意味着世界纺织品服装贸易实现了一体化。虽然中国摆脱了纺织品服装配额体制的长期困扰，但是纺织服装业又面临“后配额时代”的诸多新问题。因此，对此作进一步的探讨和研究是十分必要的。     

配额取消后中国纺织品服装出口的市场空间

2005年1月1日，全球纺织品服装贸易配额制度正式取消。这既是国际纺织品贸易体制的重大历史性转折，也意味着全球纺织品服装市场面临重新洗牌的大变化。不仅对受配额保护的欧美纺织服装业将造成巨大的冲击，对依赖配额保护纺织品服装出口的国家和地区，也将形成巨大的挑战。但对于一直受配额压制、并具有低成本竞争优势和雄厚生产能力的中国纺织服装业来说，则是难得的发展机遇。     

无配额时代中美纺织品贸易壁垒及应对措施

随着2005年1月1日的日益临近,全球纺织品贸易配额将被取消。但是相关的资料和时事显示出,利益相关国家特别是美国,将出现对纺织品贸易前所未有的管制。因此,在纺织品贸易的无配额时代,面对如此多已经存在和可能出现的贸易壁垒,作为纺织品市场的供给大国,为了维护自身的利益,应该采取必要及时的措施来预防和抗衡主要针对我国纺织品出口的贸易壁垒。     

我国纺织品出口特别保障措施的应对

中国是纺织生产，贸易大国。尽管从2005年1月1日起，根据WTO相关协议规定，在全球范围内取消纺织品配额，但是我国纺织品出口仍然受到中国入世承诺的一些特殊条款的制约，受到发达国家和发展中国家更加严厉的双重挤压。在入世过程中，一些WTO成员特别是美国坚持认为中国是非市场经济国家认为中国庞大的纺织品出口贸易总额给其他成员方的国内工业造成了严重的威胁。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.