中小企业创业绩效影响因素:一个结构方程模型

本文利用战略管理理论、组织行为理论、组织理论、企业家理论建立了一个中小企业创业绩效的结构方程模型。这一模型包含17个观测变量。以来自计算机制造业的318个企业的数据检验模型。CEO的特殊能力和动机、企业竞争战略是影响创业绩效的直接指标,CEO的个人特质及一般能力和环境对创业绩效有显著的间接效应。     

中小企业创业绩效影响因素：一个结构方程模型

本文利用战略管理理论、组织行为理论、组织理论、企业家理论建立了一个中小企业创业绩效的结构方程模型。这一模型包含17个观测变量。以来自计算机制造业的318个企业的数据检验模型。CEO的特殊能力和动机、企业竞争战略是影响创业绩效的直接指标。CEO的个人特质及一般能力和环境对创业绩效有显著的间接效应。     

创业自我效能与企业家认知及创业行为关系研究

在对社会认知理论在创业研究领域应用新趋势及成果总结的基础上,对创业自我效能形成的认知因素及与创业行为的关联机制进行分析。提出了综合研究模型,提出沿着新创企业起源和发展历程中企业文化形成的脉络来考察创业自我效能对创业期企业家认知及创业行为的影响的研究思路,以及未来的研究趋势、研究重点与分析要点,为进一步深入到领导与学习过程,探索在此过程中企业家的认知发展,以及对创业绩效的影响奠定了理论基础。     

创业环境、资源整合能力与创业绩效关系结构模型构建

新创企业绩效表现悬殊以及存活率低成为学术界及实业界关注和探讨的热点。本文基于对新创企业外生的创业环境变量与新创企业内生的资源整合能力变量如何影响新创企业绩效进行思考,给出了三个创业要素的维度划分,通过分析三个创业要素之间的关系,继而构建了创业环境、资源整合能力和创业绩效关系结构模型。     

双重理论视角下新创企业竞争优势的实现路径——基于模糊集定性比较分析法与必要条件分析法

新创企业竞争优势是战略管理和创业的共享研究主题。现有研究主要基于某种特定理论视角，关注单个或几个前因条件的净效应。基于此，整合企业家理论和资源基础理论，以187家新创企业为样本，采用模糊集定性比较分析法和必要条件分析法，剖析个体与组织层次的4个前因对新创企业竞争优势的影响。研究表明，单个前因不构成新创企业竞争优势的必要条件；存在3种产生高水平新创企业竞争优势的实现路径，即企业家精神与企业资源协同驱动型组态、资源主导下的企业家精神促进型组态、资源主导下的动态能力促进型组态；存在3种产生非高水平新创企业竞争优势的实现路径，且与高水平新创企业竞争优势实现路径存在非对称性关系；企业家精神与动态能力在产生高水平新创企业竞争优势的组态中互为替代关系；而在动态能力和资源拼凑均缺失时，企业家精神和企业家资源的匮乏均可引致非高水平新创企业竞争优势。为实现高水平新创企业竞争优势，创业者应将创业当作事业，注意创业前与创业中各类资本的积累；新创企业应充分注重对现有资源的整合与利用，积极培育动态能力；政府则需要进一步营造良好的营商环境，让好政策“落地”；失败并不一定是成功之母，创业者不能依靠失败的创业经验反向推...     

民间借贷能提升返乡创业企业的绩效吗?——基于2019年全国返乡创业企业的调查数据

基于2019年全国返乡创业企业调查数据,使用稳健的OLS回归方法研究民间借贷对返乡创业企业绩效的影响.研究发现,民间借贷能够缓解金融约束,显著提升返乡创业企业的绩效.进一步研究民间借贷对不同层次创业企业的影响,发现民间借贷对生存型、发展型和价值型返乡创业企业的经营绩效、社会效益均产生显著的正向影响,对生存型、发展型返乡创业企业可持续发展能力的正向影响要大于价值型返乡创业企业;对不同行业的创业企业而言,民间借贷对批发零售业、住宿餐饮业和制造业返乡创业企业的经营绩效、可持续发展能力、社会效益均产生显著的正向影响,只是对住宿餐饮业企业社会效益的影响要大于批发零售业和制造业;对不同区域的创业企业而言,民间借贷对东中西部地区的返乡创业企业经营绩效、社会效益均产生显著的正向影响,对中西部地区返乡创业企业的可持续发展均产生显著的正向影响.因此,建议政府主管部门应正确引导民间金融流向,发挥民间借贷在解决中小微企业和返乡创业企业融资难方面的积极作用,同时要发挥好政策性金融的补充与引导作用.     

企业家社会关系网络、创业机会识别与企业国际创业海外市场选择——基于中小型国际创业企业的实证研究

企业家社会关系网络是否会影响企业国际创业海外市场选择是企业国际化理论研究的重要议题之一。文章在相关文献基础上,以国际创业机会识别与开发为研究视角,提出相关假设,并以京津地区中小国际创业企业为样本进行实证检验。结果显示,利用企业家社会关系网络进行国际创业机会识别对企业海外市场运营绩效影响显著;对海外市场目标国的选择虽然不受地理、文化及心理距离影响,却受语言距离显著制约;同时企业年龄及企业家从业经历也成为利于企业家社会关系网络进行国际创业机会识别的显著影响因素。本文研究结论将对企业家或创业者海外市场商机获取方式及海外市场选择战略规划具有重要启示。     

新服务企业绿色创业导向、绿色动态能力与企业成长的关系

绿色创业导向转化为组织绩效的路径一直是国内外学术界关注的焦点。本研究提出绿色动态能力构念,并将绿色动态能力作为中介变量,环境不确定性作为调节变量,构建了新服务企业绿色创业导向对企业成长影响的概念模型,以国内215家企业为样本对其进行实证检验。研究发现,绿色动态能力在新服务企业绿色创业导向与企业成长之间发挥着部分中介作用,环境不确定性发挥着正向调节作用,同时,环境不确定性还在绿色创业导向与绿色动态能力之间发挥着正向调节作用。     

跨国创业导向对国际化绩效的作用路径——基于价值链位势视角的研究北大核心CSSCI

本文在对创业导向、全球价值链及国际化绩效相关文献进行梳理的基础上,构建概念模型,设计价值链位势调研量表,提出并验证了企业价值链位势在跨国创业导向与国际化绩效关系中发挥的中介作用及影响机理。文章基于Likert七度量表调研问卷获得数据的实证研究结果表明:创新性和先动性通过改变价值链位势正向影响企业国际化绩效,而风险承担性的作用并不显著。价值链位势是国际化绩效的关键驱动要素,在跨国创业导向与国际化绩效的关系中发挥着重要的中介效应。本文可能存在的创新之处,一是提出了价值链位势概念并进行量化测度,二是从跨国创业导向视角分析了企业获得国际化绩效的路径。     

基于MAIR模型分析的社会资本对新创企业绩效影响

社会资本对新创企业绩效的影响已成为创业网络研究关注的热点,但关于社会资本的作用机理研究明显薄弱。本文基于影响创业成功的MAIR模型核心要素,通过构建整合模型阐述社会资本影响新创企业绩效的路径,对两种不同类型的创业动机与社会资本利用水平关系进行推理,依据创业想法的创新程度提出社会资本利用方式的不同,剖析社会资本网络结构特征不仅影响创业资源获取的效率效果,而且通过提升创业学习来强化创业者创业能力,同时创业能力可以正向调节创业资源与新创企业绩效关系,深化基于社会资本视角的创业研究。     

National institutional systems,foreign ownership and firm performance: The case of understudied countries

We analyse the relationship between institutional systems (configurations of countries with similar institutional characteristics) and firm performance. We use a large sample of firms from understudied countries to explore whether the performance impact of these configurations is the same (“equifinality”), whether this holds across different measures of firm performance (“Tversky effect”), and whether some institutional configurations better support foreign-owned firms. We find that it is possible to rank institutional systems according to their impact on firm performance, but the ranking differs according to the performance measure. Although foreign ownership on average confers performance advantages, the magnitude of the impact depends on the configuration. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the importance of institutional similarities across countries, and to the implications of these similarities for the theory of the MNE.     

Institutional Ownership and Corporate Investment Performance

This paper examines the role of institutional investors in improving firm performance through the channel of corporate investment decisions. We find that the interaction effect between institutional ownership and capital expenditures is significantly related to firm performance. We examine this relationship for different types of institutional investors, and find that investment advisors are most effective monitors in improving firm performance through corporate investment. Moreover, we find that the monitoring role of institutional investors becomes more important when internal governance is weak. Institutional ownership and other forms of corporate governance mechanisms (including CEO incentive compensation and control, shareholder right provisions, and board of director monitoring) operate as substitutes, rather than complements, in improving capital expenditure decisions. Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Toward a Social Ontology of the Firm: Reconstitution,Organizing Entity,Institution, Social Emergence and Power

In the past half century, the theory of the firm has become a specific and prolific research field. However, the social ontology of this central institution of capitalism has never truly been the subject of investigation. I consider this negligence harmful for organizational economics and management and, more broadly, for the social sciences, notably because the first and central question raised by the theory of the firm relates to its nature: What is a firm? For this reason, I propose some novel considerations for a social ontology of the firm by focusing on social emergence, reconstitution, the two-level institutional logic of the firm, complex organizational dynamics and interacting mechanisms, and power.     

Managerial political ties and firm performance during institutional transitions: An analysis of mediating mechanisms

This study examines the role of mediating mechanisms impacting the relationship between managers' political ties and firm performance, with a focus on institutional transitions in China. Relying on both resource dependence and institutional theories, the analysis posits that three factors: organizational regulatory legitimacy building, institutional support, and institutional entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, mediate the relationship between managerial political ties and firm performance. Using survey data collected from 195 Chinese firms, the study concludes that institutional support and institutional entrepreneurial opportunity recognition represent two significant mediating mechanisms by which managerial political ties can result in improved firm performance. But, though a reliance on political utilization enhances organizational regulatory legitimacy, the results show that regulatory legitimacy does not directly contribute to firm performance. This study also discusses theoretical contributions, implications for managers, study limitations, and suggestions for future research.     

基于制度理论的企业非相关多元化与绩效关系研究

传统战略管理理论认为非相关多元化对企业绩效有负向影响。然而在中国这样的转型经济国家,由于制度的缺失导致市场有效性相对较弱,非相关多元化可以使企业形成内部市场从而弥补制度的欠缺,通过对中国500强企业的实证研究也证明非相关多元化与企业绩效正相关。由于中国民营企业的非相关多元化程度较国有企业更高,民营企业非相关多元化与企业绩效的关系也较国有企业更为显著。     

Institutional investors, shareholder activism, and earnings management

The widespread practice of earnings management adversely impacts the quality of financial reports and increases information asymmetries between owners and managers. The present study investigates the effect of shareholder activism (as expressed by the proxy proposals sponsored by shareholders), and monitoring by the largest institutional owner on earnings management. Our longitudinal analyses indicate that the number of shareholder proposals received by firms is positively related to subsequent earnings management, yet concurrently, monitoring by the largest institutional owners is negatively related to earnings management. Our findings shed light on the equivocal results reported by prior research regarding the impact of shareholder activism on firm performance, on one hand, and ownership monitoring and performance, on the other.     

When One Size Does Not Fit All: A Problem of Fit Rather than Failure for Voluntary Management Standards

Voluntary management standards for social and environmental performance ideally help to define and improve firms?? related capabilities. These standards, however, have largely failed to improve such performance as intended. Over-emphasis on institutional factors leading to adoption of these standards has neglected the role of firms?? existing capabilities. External pressures can drive firms to adopt standards more than their technical capacity to employ them. This can lead to problems of ??fit?? between institutional requirements and a firm??s existing capabilities. We describe a conceptual model that considers the impact of an interaction between a firm??s institutional requirements and its existing capabilities on standards failure. We suggest solutions that align institutional requirements to appropriate governance forms as a means to improve standards success. We contribute to theory by describing the role of firms?? internal capabilities to the success of voluntary management standards and the reliability of self-regulation generally.     

Web Adoption and Firm Performance in the Fashion Industry: The Moderating Role of Social and Economic Rational Managerial Perceptions

This article draws on an integrated perspective of institutional theory and the resource-based view of the firm by studying the causal relationships among Web technology adoption, social and economic rational managerial perceptions, and firm results. It does so in the context of the fashion industry. The article suggests that both resource-based view and institutional factors may better explain firm performance. Isomorphic rationality as institutional forces of firm homogeneity are proposed as determinants of rent potential that complement and extend resource-based explanations of firm success variation and sustainable competitive advantage in the fashion industry.     

Ownership structure and earnings management in emerging markets—An institutionalized agency perspective

Previous earnings management research has largely focused on firm-level governance mechanisms in single countries or on macro-level variables in multiple countries. Building on this research, we incorporate firm ownership predictors along with national institutional dimensions to explore why firm decision makers in emerging markets vary in their earnings management behavior. Our theoretical framework integrates agency and institutional theories proposing that firm-level ownership mechanisms do not function in isolation, but are reinforced or attenuated by elements of the institutional governance environment. The multilevel empirical analysis of 1200 firms in 24 emerging markets indicates that controlling ownership is positively related to earnings management. We find that the level of minority shareholder protection in a country weakens this positive relationship. We also find that regulatory quality strengthens the negative relationship between institutional ownership and earnings management activity. It is hoped that awareness of how firm ownership structures interact with national-level institutions in affecting firm-level behavior will help managers and investors develop skills and practices to better cope with business norms in emerging economies.     

How do cross-country differences in institutional trust and trust in family explain the mixed performance effects of family management? A meta-analysis

Cross-country research finds mixed performance effects of family involvement in management (FIM) but consistently positive performance effects of family involvement in ownership (FIO). We argue that cross-country differences in institutional trust and trust in family can help explain this discrepancy. We reason that trust in family normalizes family managers’ use of firm resources to satisfy family needs. In contrast, institutional trust orientates family managers’ attention toward improving firm performance. A meta-analysis supports our theory: greater trust in family increases and greater institutional trust reduces the gap between FIM and FIO's performance effects across countries.