技术创新外部性与重复技术创新博弈研究

从博弈论视角来看,技术创新中博弈参与人的个体利益与整体利益的不一致,可能造成“囚徒困境”的状况.企业之间无限次重复技术创新博弈模型表明,静态技术创新博弈中的“囚徒困境”可能在无限次重复技术创新博弈中解决,但这一可能性受到企业的得益贴现因子、本企业技术创新收益与成本、技术创新外溢收益、技术创新外溢学习成本等因素的影响.     

基于博弈分析的人的理性转化研究

与集体理性相对应的个人理性导向推动带有自利性质的个人行为选择。个人理性与集体理性之间存在矛盾与冲突的深层原因,在于由人的理性所导向的狭隘自利行为。本文立足于重复动态博弈理论,通过理论推演和模型构建,以及相关条件的探索与满足,促成个人行为导向从狭隘自利向合理自利转化或个人理性与集体理性的统一,亦即实现人的理性转化。从而不仅使各博弈参与人摆脱“囚徒困境”局面并走向共同合作,也使社会或企业组织中的博弈活动获得帕累托改进甚至帕累托最优的均衡结果。     

企业技术创新网络进化中的合作博弈分析

企业创新网络可以分散技术创新的不确定性和风险,但是网络在运行过程中会出现机会主义倾向。文章分析了技术创新网络的动态特征,运用数理模型来模拟企业技术创新网络中的成本,通过对技术联盟模型中博弈行为特征的分析,识别网络失衡的时间点,并针对技术创新网络的演化特点提出强化网络基础的建议和对策。     

基于Agent的演化博弈下的合作行为研究

文章在演化博弈的视角下,利用重复囚徒困境博弈（IPD）对合作的演化进行分析。在平均场假设下,合作策略无法在竞争中生存。而在基于Agent的演化博弈中,合作策略有可能获得成功。其原因在于通过限制合作行为的范围,可以使合作者聚集成簇状,从而防止合作的红利被背叛者占有。通过理论推导与计算机仿真,文章证明了利他策略获得成功的条件是c/b/1/m,并对此结果做出了解释。     

产业集群中技术创新扩散的学习机制——一个动态博弈分析的视角

产业集群中技术创新通过技术扩散系统在企业之间传播、推广和应用,从而提高了产业集群中各企业的技术水平,增加了集群内企业的经济效益和竞争能力.对于产业集群中的技术创新企业间的创新扩散学习机制,本文认为产业集群中技术创新采用者的信息获取过程是一个不断修正过程,对于初始采用者与潜在采用者之间的学习过程是一个三阶段的动态博弈过程,从技术创新成果属性对于采用企业的综合成本角度,如果使得采用者潜在该成本满足扩散条件便成为激励集群中的其他采用者学习模仿的充要条件,结果使得创新成果在集群中扩散开来.     

基于两维的集群供应链技术创新行为演化分析

集群供应链技术创新行为实质上是一个多维度的动态演化发展过程.本文分别建立了集群供应链横向同质性企业群体和纵向异质性企业群体创新合作的演化博弈模型,分析了不同维度下的集群供应链技术创新行为的演化路径和影响因素.研究结果表明:基于横向和纵向两个不同维度的集群供应链技术创新行为的演化结果主要受创新合作收益、创新投入成本、补偿收益和创新网络收益4个要素的影响;最后根据研究结果,给出了相关政策建议.     

低碳经济下企业节能减排技术改造进化博弈分析

为了分析低碳经济环境下环境监测部门与企业在节能减排技术改造过程中的博弈,假设博弈双方在有限理性条件下,建立了环境监测部门和企业在各自不同的策略选择时的成本争收益模型,运用进化博弈理论研究了博弈双方的稳定性策略.博弈分析结果表明:企业的技术改造成本和通过技术改造后为企业带来的收益、政府对企业是否进行节能减排技术的奖励和惩罚,以及环境主管部门的重视都将直接影响企业的行为选择.     

技术创新扩散的博弈

本文将经济博弈论引入技术创新扩散,认为技术创新扩散过程是一个博弈过程,讨论了技术创新扩散博弈的四个要素,并具体论述了讨价还价模型。     

企业绿色技术创新不确定条件下碳达峰路径优化研究北大核心

绿色技术创新是实现双碳目标的重要路径,企业对不同绿色技术的采纳和投资等行为影响了技术创新效应在减排目标实现中的贡献。本文构建了技术不确定发展下企业最优投资策略的期权博弈模型,分析企业最优投资时机和技术采纳的动态变化。分析表明:(1)绿色技术预期减排收益、不确定程度和投资成本影响企业投资时机,企业出于先于对手研发而占领市场的考量会使投资提前;(2)当收益率先到达两企业同时投资临界值时,两企业会对一项技术进行同时投资,否则企业为争当领导者会在更小的临界点进行投资;(3)企业面临一项成熟技术作为追随者和一项不确定性更高的新技术作为领导者的投资选择时,即使新技术当前收益低于成熟技术,当领导者价值函数值大于追随者价值函数时,企业会跳过成熟技术而率先选择新技术进行投资。     

我国企业技术创新缺失的博弈分析

本文在分析我国企业技术创新缺失的现实表现基础上,从我国企业存在的比较优势刚性、产品同质性、打击同业竞争者、所属行业协会软约束等4个方面阐述了我国企业技术创新缺失的主要成因,并着重分析各企业进行技术策略选择的重复博弈进程,从而提出充分认识较高贴现率对企业技术创新行为缺失的抑制作用以及加大经济惩罚力度等极具针对性和可操作性的博弈对策.     

Technological and non-technological innovations,performance and propensity to innovate across industries: The case of an emerging economy

Innovation in a firm may be non-technological, such as organizational and marketing innovation, and technological, such as product and process innovation. The aim of this article is to explore how different types of innovation affect the innovation development of the firm across industries. We chose Chile as an emerging market context. Our results show that only product innovations affect significantly innovation performance across industries. However, different types of propensities to innovate are affected differently by technological and non-technological innovations. We discuss implications for managers and policy makers in emerging economies, in which data tends to be scarce to develop new policy models and increase the effect of non-technological innovation on innovative performance.     

Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks

The pendulum appears to be swinging away from the merger mania of the 1980s, with many leaner-and meaner organizations refocusing on their core competencies. However, these more focused organizations often lack the breadth of skills and expertise necessary for developing products and services which cut across traditional technological and marketing boundaries. Complex product systems such as those under development in the home automation industry include elements from such disparate sectors as consumer electronics, telecommunications, construction, and energy. A narrow focus may prevent the novel forms of innovation necessary for successful development of such products. Using the home automation industry as an example, Joe Tidd examines the challenges involved in the development of complex product systems. When products and services cut across traditional marketing and technological boundaries, radical innovation is difficult because different firms and industries are typically responsible for developing the various subsystems and components. Successful development efforts may require novel forms of innovation–for example, architectural innovation and technology fusion. Architectural innovation involves changes in the way the components of a product are linked together, but leaves the core design concepts untouched. Technology fusion creates new products and market opportunities through the blending of diverse technologies from various fields. Two organizational factors affect a firm's ability to develop and commercialize new products based on novel forms of innovation: the internal organization of the firm, and the firm's links with other organizations, including suppliers, customers, and networks of collaborating organizations. Within a firm, the development of complex product systems is likely to require managing across traditional product-division boundaries. The breadth of competencies required may necessitate strong interfirm linkages. Comparing organizational approaches and the networks of alliances for home automation in the United States, Europe, and Japan, it appears that European firms tend to be more narrowly focused then American and Japanese firms. A rigid focus on core competencies may cause these European firms to overlook the potential for new products. Because various technologies and industries are involved, open networks are more effective than closed networks or alliances. European and American firms tend to favor closed strategic alliances, while Japanese firms typically participate in open networks and overlapping consortia. This approach gives Japanese firms an edge in the home automation industry.     

大数据成为现实生产要素的企业实现机制:产品创新视角

数字经济的崛起,使数据成为新的生产要素,但现有研究对数据成为现实生产要素的企业实现过程缺乏理论剖析与实证研究。鉴于产品创新是企业活动中各种生产要素最具集成特征的一环,本文从产品创新视角,构建“大数据资源—企业能力—产品创新绩效”链式中介模型开展实证研究,探讨大数据从可能的生产要素成为企业现实生产要素的实现机制。基于特征映射逻辑,将大数据分析、组织学习、惯例更新、行业竞争压力、行业信息技术使用强度分别视为劳动、知识、管理、资本、技术的替代变量,将企业的产品创新实现机制映射为数据与其他五个生产要素相结合成为现实生产要素的实现路径模型,提出数据是将现有生产要素进一步联系起来的桥梁型生产要素的观点,形成对数据作为生产要素的新认知。本文结论为数据作为新生产要素的思想提供了企业产品创新视角的理论解释,也为企业大数据创新实践提供了管理启示。     

Brand Community Members as a Source of Innovation

Brand community members have a strong interest in the product and in the brand. They usually have extensive product knowledge and engage in product‐related discussions; they support each other in solving problems and generating new product ideas. Therefore, brand communities can be a valuable source of innovation. So far, little is known about the member's ability and willingness to participate in a company's innovation process. How does passion for the brand, affiliation to the brand community, and trust in the brand affect the willingness to engage in a company's innovation process? What is the effect of brand passion on brand knowledge and on domain‐specific skills, which are considered important prerequisites for qualified and creative contributions to new product development? What is the effect of personality traits on the willingness and ability to engage in new product development? This research addresses these questions, which are interesting for managers who are thinking about opening up their innovation process and collaborating with brand communities and for academics exploring the opportunities of online communities for new product development and trying to develop promising new forms of open innovation networks. Drawing on brand community literature, relationship theory, creativity theory, and personality traits research, this paper introduces a comprehensive set of antecedents affecting brand community members' willingness to engage in new product development. It is argued that consumer creativity, identification with the brand community, and brand‐specific emotions and attitudes (passion and trust) as well as brand knowledge are important determinants of consumers' willingness to share their knowledge with producers. The paper also identifies two personality traits (i.e., extraversion and openness) that have significant influence on brand passion, creativity, and identification with the community. The hypotheses are tested on a sample of 550 members of the Volkswagen Golf GTI car community. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationship among the constructs. Though a positive disposition toward a brand may be advantageous for consumers that are willing to interact with producers during new product development, our results show that it is consumer interest in innovations and the innovative process that drives them to get involved. Further, brand community members with more knowledge and more innovative skills seem to be more willing to contribute than less qualified community members.     

碳税政策对我国工业企业技术创新行为的政策绩效研究

本文以碳税政策对我国工业企业技术创新行为和创新绩效问题为研究对象,分别研究了碳税政策对工业企业研发投入、研发创新模式选择以及研发创新绩效的影响,进而分析了我国工业企业技术创新能力的收敛性。通过研究发现,碳税政策的实施有助于激励工业企业技术创新的自主性,也有利于企业创新绩效的实现。提出我国在碳税政策设计和实践中应坚持建立激励与约束相容的碳税政策、促进碳税征收与碳排放交易协同、匹配碳税征收行政管理体系建设以及利用碳税发起设置低碳产业基金等政策实施路径。     

基于产业集群升级的创新网络核心节点能力传递研究

在集群创新网络中,核心节点企业的创新能力较其他企业更强,研究核心节点企业创新能力传递对于集群升级至关重要。本文提出创新网络核心节点企业创新能力传递强度概念,并构建其概念模型。通过实证研究发现,创新网络核心节点企业创新能力传递强度对集群升级具有显著的正向影响,其中,创新能力传递速度和创新能力传递深度对集群升级促进作用显著;集群其他节点企业创新吸收能力调节了创新网络核心节点企业创新能力传递强度与集群升级的关系,并指出了研究结论的实践意义。     

中国技术创新激励政策:激励了数量还是质量

中国创新驱动发展战略的实施助推了整体科技创新水平的提升,但也带来了微观层面策略性创新和宏观层面“数量长足、质量跛脚”的创新困境。在迈向创新强国之路上,作为创新驱动发展战略的核心内涵和重要工具,以税收优惠、创新补贴为核心的一揽子技术创新激励政策是否导致了中国技术创新上述困境?基于对这一问题的回答,本文利用中国企业授权发明专利数据,以及机器学习和语义引用方法,测度了企业技术创新质量;在此基础上,利用中国税收调查数据、中国工业企业科技活动调查数据和中国高新技术企业名录等,实证检验了中国技术创新主要激励政策对企业技术创新质量和数量的影响。研究发现:①以“研发费用加计扣除”为代表的普适型政策仅促使了企业增加技术创新数量,对企业技术创新质量的影响不显著;②以“高新技术企业认定”以及“高新技术企业所得税减免”为代表的选择支持型政策,同时激励了企业提升技术创新质量和创新数量;③以“政府科技活动资金投入”为代表的自由裁量型政策,则对企业技术创新数量和质量都无影响。本文为企业技术创新质量提供了新的测度方法,更为合理评估中国技术创新激励政策提供了重要依据。     

产业链整合对建筑工业化协同创新绩效的影响研究

市场竞争日趋激烈，创新过程日益复杂，协同创新成为主流的创新范式。而我国建筑工业化正处于创新驱动发展不足的初级阶段，如何通过产业链整合实现建筑工业化的协同创新，进而提高创新绩效是值得研究的问题。本文从产业链整合着手，探讨建筑工业化的技术链整合、产品链整合、创新协同性、创新绩效之间的相互影响关系。首先根据理论分析提出假设，然后运用26家代表性企业的278份问卷作为样本数据进行验证。实证分析表明：产业链整合对创新协同性、创新绩效均有正向显著作用；技术链整合在产品链与创新协同性之间、创新协同性在产业链整合与创新绩效之间起完全中介作用；政策在产品链整合与创新协同性之间起正向调节作用，而在技术链整合与创新协同性之间的调节作用却不显著。研究结论对于建筑工业化政策制定、产业链完善、企业管理等方面具有重要意义，同时展望了需要进一步关注的方向。     

建筑企业的知识管理

在阐述知识管理含义的基础上，分析现阶段建筑企业知识管理存在的问题，从企业战略、知识共享、企业化和虚拟建设等方面入手，建立知识共享体系，组建学习型组织、虚拟企业，从而提高建筑企业的应变能力、创新能力和核心竞争力。     

我国新能源汽车产业破坏性创新的政策支持研究

提高新能源汽车产业创新水平、将新能源汽车产业置于国民经济战略性新兴产业的地位予以支持已成为世界大国博弈的重要命题.文章将破坏性创新理论用于指导我国的新能源汽车产业政策,在公共科技政策分析的基本政策工具框架下,采用内容分析法分析了2009年至今我国新能源汽车产业创新的政策支持体系;对特斯拉汽车成功进行破坏性创新的案例及对我国的启示作了实证研究,进而提出我国新能源汽车产业破坏性创新的政策建议.