Beyond the contract: Managing risk in supply chain relations

As a consequence of the development of intensified relations with suppliers, for many firms the supply chain has become a significant source of risk exposure. In this paper we examine firms’ use of control practices to manage risks associated with intensified collaboration with supply chain partners. Specifically, we examine how buyers manage risks associated with interfirm transactions through their choice of supply partner, in terms of perceived goodwill and competence trust, and their use of multiple interrelated supply chain management (SCM) control practices. These control practices include contractual contingency planning, performance target setting, operational reviews, information sharing, supplier support and joint problem solving. We collect survey data from Japanese manufacturing firms about their relations with part suppliers to test hypotheses about the associations between transaction risks, selection of trusted suppliers and use of SCM practices. Our results support that transaction characteristics that are at the basis of transaction risks significantly affect the selection of trusted partners to collaborate with as well as their use of various control practices to manage relationships. We also find that in particular competence trust facilitates the use of control practices to support effective SCM.     

Executives’ professional ties along the supply chain: The impact on partnership sustainability and firm risk

This paper investigates the effect of management-level professional ties between suppliers and customers on the sustainability of business partnerships. We find that the presence of cross-firm professional ties between directors and senior executives along the supply chain significantly reduces the probability of relationship termination around customers’ industry negative shocks and during financial crises. The results are robust using professional-tie strength as an alternative measure. Exploring contingency effects, we find that, for suppliers who lack R&D, face high competition, are smaller in size, or are less important to customers in terms of sales, such professional ties are more helpful in sustaining such relationships. Furthermore, we find that professional ties also significantly reduce firm risk during periods of market turbulence. Taken together, our results suggest that professional ties along the supply chain can facilitate information flow and build mutual trust, which can lead to healthy long-term relationships and can help firms survive economic and industry downturns.     

会计信息的供求分析与政府适度监管体系的构建

本文从会计信息的供给与需求分析入手,指出由于供需者的信息不对称性、信息生产的垄断性以及会计信息质量的"隐性"特征,使得信息供需双方在市场交换中处于不对等地位.文章认为,解决该问题需要适度的政府监管,关键在于合理界定政府的监管范围,即应基于成本效益分析、将之严格限制在会计信息市场失灵领域中能够修补的缺陷部分.     

管理会计应用中的问题及对策

目前管理会计在我国企业管理中的应用正处于一个关键的转折时期,随着经济的发展,管理会计更为重要,必须加强对管理会计应用与发展的研究,寻求加速管理会计在我国企业管理中推广应用的有效途径。     

管理会计教学方法改革之我见

教学方法直接影响着教学的效果和学生的学习兴趣,本文针对管理会计学课程的教学方法现状从问题设置、案例教学等五方面提出了改革的建议,期望对于达到更好的教学效果、实现教学目的有所帮助。     

The propagation of liquidity imbalances in manufacturing supply chains: evidence from a spatial auto-regressive approach

The number of distressed firms increased sharply during the last recessionary phase. The scope of the paper is to analyze determinants of distress by focusing the attention on trade-credit chains as the key source of contagion effects in 2009–2013. Financial and liquidity imbalances propagate along the supply chain: firms respond to late payments from customers by defaulting on payments to suppliers. The novelty of our approach consists of applying spatial econometric techniques to assess spillover effects of trade debt. We employ a representative sample of around 12,000 Italian manufacturing firms that combines balance sheet items with information collected in the Credit Register of the Italian central bank. Our proxy for supply-chain interconnections is a matrix of firm-to firm transactions which mirrors the networked structure of the industrial system. Estimates show that trade debt has been affected by spillover effects during the great crisis of 2009–2013. Moreover, trade debt and financial indebtedness exerted an impact of almost identical magnitude on firms' distress likelihoods. This evidence sheds light on the importance to move away from a static view of the trade-credit phenomenon, and to integrate solvency models with detailed information on firm-to-firm transactions which is increasingly available through big data collection.     

The effect of shared auditors in the supply chain on cost stickiness

Do supply chain audits have real effects?We focus on the effect of shared auditors in the supply chain on corporate cost stickiness.When a supplier shares audit...     

Integrating sustainability performance measurement into logistics and supply networks: A multi-methodological approach

This paper seeks to address the way in which economic and environmental performance can be measured simultaneously, taking a multi-methodological approach to the logistics and supply chain management field in order to address sustainability challenges. The multi-methodological approach relies on the merits of different methodologies, provides more flexibility in tackling problems under investigation, and tolerates inaccurate estimation of parameters during the process. An illustrative case study (Westgate Ports) is undertaken in Australia in order to examine the ways in which the multi-methodological approach is applied, and how it assists during the decision making process in the adoption of green practices for freight transport logistics. The case validates the applicability and usefulness of the approach and highlights comparative outputs of costs and carbon emissions in freight transport logistics. Rail transport is identified as giving the opportunity to study the short distance container and freight distribution network, although initially this does not appear to be the most cost-effective option. This study finds that it is better to simultaneously consider performance indicators from different perspectives and to integrate them into one model of system measurement in order for corporations to improve their sustainability performance.     

Carbon Accounting: Challenges for Research in Management Control and Performance Measurement

Carbon reduction programs and corporate emissions reporting have expanded rapidly across firms in response to climate change and global warming. This development is partly driven by institutional demands and partly by value creation considerations. The consequences of these developments for management accounting and control (MAC) are not clear, despite anecdotal evidence that suggests an increasing effort to incorporate carbon accounting into traditional decision and reporting processes. The reasons for this lack of clarity are the disproportionate focus in practice on carbon disclosure, compared to a small number of empirical studies, and the absence of an academic debate in this novel area from a MAC perspective. This paper seeks to stimulate such an academic debate by reviewing the extant literature, identifying key theoretical and empirical shortcomings of extant academic research, and outlining some directions for future studies on carbon accounting. These directions are inspired by more established MAC research that may help to guide and organize MAC research in the emerging and exciting field of carbon accounting.     

会计准则制定的制度博弈思考

会计准则的经济后果特征促使各利益主体在制定过程中形成了一个多方博弈的局面,而准则由政府机构主导制定及制定博弈中行动的不经济性,导致了上市公司管理当局的"袖手旁观"的态度,加快了我国会计准则由政府制定制度到经济主体利用其不足机会行事到完善制度的形成路径.而适当公开会计准则制定程序及增强会计准则制定机构的独立性将改进会计准则的制定.     

财务精细化：政府会计改革的突破点之一

现阶段,我国政府会计改革已进入到了深水区,众多专家学者结合国内外的相关经验,提出了包括采用基金会计核算法,重视资产及负债的确认、计量、记录等应对措施。作为政府会计改革最急需解决的问题之一——政府资产及负债如何精确得确认、计量、记录,政府在日常管理服务过程中的业绩如何确认已成为政府会计改革过程中必须逾越的一道鸿沟。本文通过引企业财务精细化管理理念于政府财务管理过程中,并通过分析政府财务精细化管理中的关键点,结合A政府机关的探索实践,拟对我国政府会计改革提出探索性的应对措施。     

战略管理会计概念和实务研究

战略管理会计是建立在企业战略管理有关理论基础上 ,以管理会计手段 ,运用会计信息有效地服务于企业战略的新领域。对战略管理会计定义内涵的研究的主要目的在于界定归属于战略管理会计的实务范围 ,并寻求战略管理会计的整体框架和运行规律。研究表明 ,凡是体现战略性属性方法和举措 ,均可列入战略管理会计实务的范畴。目前 ,在实际应用中常见的战略管理会计实务主要包括三大类 :战略性成本计算和定价、竞争对手会计和品牌价值会计。随着我国市场经济的发展以及我国进入国际市场的步伐的加快 ,战略管理会计的应用前景将会十分广阔     

医药连锁企业成本管理与会计核算模式创新研究

本文依据当前医药连锁经营企业的实际情况,按照企业会计准则和企业会计制度等有关规定,较系统地对医药连锁企业成本管理、会计核算模式提出一些新见解。     

Micro-processes of justification and critique in a water sustainability controversy: Examining the establishment of moral legitimacy through accounting

To analyse the micro-processes of moral justification and critique, this paper explores how managers combine different moral principles through the use of accounting, in order to establish the moral legitimacy of water sustainability practices. Drawing on the Economies of Worth framework and based on an exploratory case study of a water utility, this paper reveals four micro-processes of justification and critique - neutralising, enlisting, summoning and sensegiving - that reflect the different ways of moral legitimation mobilised by the managers. It also reveals the presence of different orders of worth which refer to the market, industrial, civic and green moral principles, and the dynamic role of accounting as a test of worth used to combine and bring them together. The findings suggest that moral legitimacy is not necessarily a dichotomous variable, but that it operates on a continuum established by managers and negotiated through the use of accounting. The paper illuminates the role of accounting in the unfolding of moral legitimation processes, and advances the micro-analysis of moral legitimacy in sustainability accounting research. It also contributes to sustainability disclosure research by showing that external disclosure reflects internal deliberations, and together they participate in the establishing of moral legitimacy.     

新会计准则下固定资产处置的会计处理和税法的差异

本文简要分析了新会计准则和税法产生差异的原因,而后从固定资产处置入手,详细分析了固定资产的会计处理和所得税、流转税处理的差异。经过分析,得出的结论是会计准则和税法产生差异是不可避免的。     

会计稳健性对权益价值评估的影响——基于沪深上市公司的经验研究

本文通过使用2001～2009年上市公司的面板数据,对沪深上市公司会计稳健性定价系数进行测定,发现与美国资本市场类似,我国样本公司会计稳健性定价系数的均值小于0。进一步研究发现,由于我国特殊的制度背景,亏损公司盈余管理是影响会计稳健性定价系数异象的主要因素。具体来说,我们发现亏损样本公司组的会计稳健性定价系数的均值显著小于0,而盈利样本公司组的该系数大于0,市场在一定程度上能对好消息公司和坏消息公司进行区分。但是,在我国弱有效的资本市场上柠檬效应导致盈利公司会计稳健性系数的定价过低。     

公共价值创造与政府会计改革研究

新公共管理理论自提出以来,对削减成本、提高效率等起到了重要的作用,但是难以反映政府提供公共服务的其他价值内涵。公共价值管理模式解决了新公共管理理论过于强调技术理性的缺陷,对政府活动、政策制定和服务提供产生重大的影响,政府会计作为信息收集、价值判断和管理矫正的重要工具,其改革应以公共价值为导向,充分发挥其在公共价值创造中的重要作用。     

管理会计变迁的制度经济学分析

"细节决定成败".近年来,管理会计研究开始关注其细节的变迁问题,并从制度的核心概念入手,设计出由制度领域向行为领域转化的框架结构.研究管理会计的变迁可以正确认识管理会计工具(如成本企画)中存在的问题,便于积极寻求解决对策.     

还本销售会计处理和税法规定的差异

还本销售方式的会计处理和税法规定之间存在三个方面的差异。本文结合实际工作,对还本销售方式销售货物所产生的差异在原理阐述的基础上辅以实例说明,深入浅出地解析了还本销售会计处理和税法规定的差异。