高新技术企业认定存在的问题及完善建议

1 高校技术企业认定存在的问题 （一）关于核心自主知识产权问题 《高新技术企业认定管理办法》（以下简称《认定办法》）规定,高新技术企业须在近三年内通过自主研发、受让、受赠、并购等方式,或通过5年以上的独占许可方式,对其主要产品（服务）的核心技术拥有自主知识产权。由此可见,拥有核心自主知识产权并产生产品（服务）收入是成为高新技术企业的首要条件。     

当前我国企业发展自主知识产权的若干问题

自主知识产权是知识经济全球化日益加深及中国知识产权弱势的现状而提出的创新概念。当前我国企业在发展中面临着因深层次的若干自主知识产权问题而产生了诸如高昂的专利权使用费、版权侵权引发的高赔偿和贴牌生产导致的低利润等。自主知识产权框架问题、自主知识产权形成企业核心竞争力、自主知识产权与国家竞争优势、自主知名品牌的创建与运用、国外自主知识产权经验的移植、自主知识产权的制度与文化、中国自主知识产权战略等若干问题,是当前我国企业培育和提升知识产权战略能力的关键。     

发展吉林省高新技术企业自主知识产权的对策建议

改革开放以来,吉林省高新技术企业不断壮大、重点领域集群发展、区域布局日趋合理、整体效益稳步提高.但和发达地区相比发展依然滞后,一个重要的原因就是缺乏自主知识产权的技术支撑.因此,吉林省必须采取各种方法发展高新技术企业自主知识产权,提高高新技术企业核心竞争力,带动全省产业结构快速升级.     

我国企业自主知识产权的发展现状及对策分析——以我国汽车工业知名品牌为例

企业的自主知识产权和知名品牌不仅影响着本国企业的生存和发展前途,更关系着整个国家的经济实力和发展前途.目前我国企业的自主知识产权和知名品牌发展还很薄弱,这与我国在世界贸易中的地位很不相称.本文主要就我国汽车企业自主知识产权的现状、存在的主要问题及其原因进行了分析,并提出相关对策建议.     

知识产权证券化:知识产权融资的有效途径

知识产权证券化作为资产证券化技术的纵深发展,为促进高新技术转化,推动科技进步提供了有力的金融支持手段,已成为国外发展高新技术企业的重要融资方式。本文首先介绍了知识产权证券化在国外的发展历程,然后阐述了知识产权证券化的基本交易流程,接着分析了知识产权证券化的功效,最后从我国的实际情况出发,研究了我国实施知识产权证券化的可行性。     

高新技术企业研发支出存在的问题及对策研究

近年来我国不断加强科技创新力度,高新技术企业作为科技创新领域的重要组成部分,引发了各界人士的关注,但我国高新技术企业的研发支出依然存在大量问题。本文在对这些问题进行研究后发现,其主要是由于我国知识产权制度与企业制度的不完善所导致。未来,为优化我国高新技术企业研发支出的投入,需要进一步加强对知识产权的保护,明确研发支出资本化和费用化的界限,提高我国科技创新人才的创新能力与创新意识,高新技术企业应该进行适当的企业制度调整,适当地引入QFII。     

知识产权证券化:高新技术企业融资新途径

为了解决高新技术企业融资难的问题,为高新技术企业的进一步发展创造良好的资金支持。文章采用规范的分析方法,提出通过知识产权证券化可以切实缓解高新技术企业的融资难问题,提升企业的综合竞争力。具体的路径可以是:鼓励高新技术企业加大科技创新力度、进一步完善知识产权证券化评级体系、拓展知识产权证券化的交易市场、给予适当的税收优惠政策、完善相关法律法规。     

知识产权证券化方向

<正>知识产权证券化是资产证券化的重要表现形式之一,为知识产权变现提供了新思路,有助于激活知识产权的潜在价值。高新技术企业是我国创新发展的主要动力,而知识产权作为高新技术企业的核心资产,尽管储备十分丰富,但是变现能力却不强,市场转化率低,知识产权的价值并没有得到充分利用。知识产权证券化的独特优势,在于为企业融资提供新渠道的同时,可以助力中小科技企业创新发展。     

开发自主知识产权的企业与税收当局的博弈分析

自主知识产权开发具有投入大、研发难的特点,其产品一经开发,又极易被仿制。因此,企业一般不愿意进行自主知识产权开发。税收当局通过税收优惠的方式对进行自主知识产权开发成功的企业进行支持,可以促进高新技术产业的发展。但是,开发不成功的企业也会向税收当局申请税收优惠,税收当局对企业申请税收优惠也会采取准许和不准许两种方式。于是,企业和税收当局之间就构成了博弈。对他们之间的博弈进行分析,对今后制定支持自主知识产权开发的税收优惠政策有很大的现实启示意义。     

我国科技保险发展问题探讨

科技保险是对在高新技术创新过程中遭遇风险所造成的损失承担赔偿责任的新型保险品种．它对促进企业高新技术创新．掌握核心技术．提高核心竞争力有着不可估量的作用。由于高新技术创新活动本身蕴含各种风险．科技保险便成为了在风险与利益对称原则下实现科技风险社会分摊的一种有效形式。然而目前科技保险在我国的发展严重滞后．不利于保障我国自主知识产权的研发．因此大力发展科技保险已成为当务之急。[第一段]     

Using a robust performance measurement system to illuminate intellectual capital

The central premise of the “fit-as-mediation” view states that knowledge-related factors could determine the usage and design of specific organizational systems, such as management accounting and control systems. This could, in turn, facilitate information processing and bring about positive organizational outcomes. While the influence of knowledge-based assets on measurable performance has been examined extensively in the intellectual capital literature, little is known concerning the role of an organizational control system in fostering the management of intellectual capital as the most strategic asset for organizations. As such, this study primarily aims to explore what role a performance measurement system plays in terms of the diversity of measurement in the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance. We incorporate social capital into the general three-dimensional classification of intellectual capital; namely, human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, to provide a more comprehensive measure of intellectual capital. Further, we conceptualize the diversity of measurement by supplementing the original Kaplan and Norton's BSC model with a new perspective, social and environmental measures. Such integration of financial, customer, internal business process, learning, and growth, along with social and environmental measures could result in an overarching and robust conceptualization of performance measurement; a concept that was barely mentioned in previous literature. We conducted a questionnaire survey involving chief financial officers of 128 Iranian public listed companies. Using the partial least squares (PLS), we find that companies with higher levels of intellectual capital emphasize a greater diversity of performance measures. The findings also show that the diversity of measurement mediates the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance. This paper may offer guidance to companies concerning the competencies needed for securing positive organizational outcomes from their knowledge resources, such as intellectual capital.     

我国企业智力资本报告建立的现实基础：来自上市公司年报的检验

本文提出我国企业智力资本报告可以建立在企业年度报告基础上。为此,以中国社会科学院公司治理中心评出的2006年度上市公司100强中在A股上市的49家企业,2001年至2005年五年间共226份年度报告为样本,发现我国上市公司年度报告中有关人力资本、组织资本与客户资本等构成的智力资本信息内容已经存在。进一步运用内容分析法,对企业智力资本的信息披露状况进行量化并实证检验。研究发现企业越来越愿意披露智力资本信息;我国企业对智力资本信息披露对市价影响显著;智力资本信息披露具有行业差异。在此基础上,提出建立与规范我国企业智力资本报告的建议。     

高管背景特征、产品市场竞争与智力资本信息披露——来自我国A股高科技行业的经验证据

以沪深两市高科技上市公司为样本,依据高层梯队理论,实证考察高管背景特征与公司智力资本信息披露行为间的相关性以及产品市场竞争对这一关系的调节效应。结果表明：高管年龄与智力资本信息披露水平显著负相关,而高管学历、任职时间与智力资本信息披露显著正相关;产品市场竞争不仅直接对智力资本信息披露行为产生显著的负面影响,而且强化了高管年龄与智力资本信息披露间的负相关程度,弱化了高管学历、任职时间与智力资本信息披露间的正相关程度。     

纵向兼任高管能提升智力资本价值创造效率吗?——基于中国A股农业上市公司实证分析

基于智力资本理论,依据中国A股农业上市公司2008—2021年年度数据,考察纵向兼任高管对智力资本价值创造效率的影响。结果显示：纵向兼任高管与智力资本价值创造效率呈负相关,增加机构投资者持股可以改善这种负向效应;纵向兼任高管职位越高,对智力资本价值创造的抑制效应越明显;纵向兼任高管与智力资本技术创新专利产出呈负相关。鉴于此,农业上市公司应重视纵向兼任高管对智力资本价值创造效率的负面影响,可通过增加机构投资者持股来降低对它产生的不利影响,提升智力资本价值创造效率。     

Corporate reporting of intellectual capital: Evidence from UK companies

This paper reports the results of an empirical investigation into the intellectual capital reporting practices of UK companies in four distinct sectors. It differs from prior intellectual capital reporting studies in that it analyses a wide range of corporate reports for their intellectual capital content. It finds major differences between the elements of intellectual capital reported in each sector studied. The study also finds that a range of different types of corporate reports were used for communicating intellectual capital information, and that the annual reports were not a good proxy for the proportion of disclosures across all corporate reports analysed in this study.     

Do regulatory policies matter to corporate innovation?

This paper examines the relationship between regulation and innovation from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The theoretical model focuses on the role of competition policy (measured by increases in the number of firms) and the strength of intellectual property rights in fostering cost-reducing R&D, under both R&D competition and R&D cooperation. It is shown that, theoretically, competition policy and intellectual property rights are complements under R&D competition, while they are substitutes under R&D cooperation. Moreover, under R&D competition, innovation is maximized through strict competition policy and strong intellectual property rights; whereas under R&D cooperation, innovation is maximized through strict competition policy and weak intellectual property rights. The empirical model tests the effect of several regulatory policies on innovation in several MENA countries. The results of dynamic panel data regressions point that competition policy and intellectual property rights are complements. In addition to competition policy and intellectual property rights protection, the following country/regulation characteristics are considered: human capital, government efficiency, foreign direct investment, natural resources dependence, labor market regulations, and GDP level. The paper finds that the extent of regulations in all categories has statistically significant effects on R&D, except FDI. One explanation is that most FDI to the MENA region flows to natural resources and non-tradable sectors, which are less relevant to R&D than other sectors (e.g., manufacturing and information and communications technology sectors).     

Developing a Community of Practice: Michael Gaffikin and Critical Accounting Research

This paper demonstrates the role of a community of practice in academic endeavour, focusing on the influence of place and the role of thought leaders in guiding academic development. This is illustrated with reference to the influence of Emeritus Professor Michael Gaffikin in establishing a critical accounting community of practice at the University of Wollongong (UOW) through his PhD supervisions. Social network analysis (SNA) is used to visualize the 43 PhD supervisions undertaken by Gaffikin during his career, and subsequent PhD supervisions of his students, and students of those students. SNA illustrates the structure of relationships, and the paths through which scholars learnt from one another, which we combine with qualitative analysis of recollections, acknowledgments, and doctoral theses. We demonstrate the role of Gaffikin, as the intellectual thought leader, and UOW, as the intellectual place, in the development of the critical accounting community of practice. The development of critical accounting scholarship was a function of Gaffikin's intellectual and professional leadership, which he executed through PhD supervision, the annual Doctoral Consortium, and his direction at UOW. This paper highlights the importance of local communities for the development of research agendas, and the influence of PhD supervisors on the professional development of students.     

当代大学应有的知识功能观

当代社会已进入知识社会,知识社会是以知识为基础的社会。本文在对大学与知识的密切关系进行论证的基础上,审视了知识社会大学的知识功能,将其概括为:吸纳知识、保存与加工知识、传递知识、创新知识、应用知识、交流知识。并指出在知识社会时代,多元融合是大学应有的知识功能观。     

Where is the ethical knowledge in the knowledge economy?: Power and potential in the emergence of ethical knowledge as a component of intellectual capital

There is a growing discussion of intellectual capital and the knowledge economy more generally within the accounting literature. This literature, however, has focused narrowly on the considerable discrepancy between book and market values and the inability of traditional accounting concepts and methods to deal with the intangible nature of key sources of corporate competitive advantage. This essay contributes to this literature by providing a broadly poststructuralist reading of the emergence of ethical knowledge as a component of intellectual capital, a category of asset that has almost been completely overlooked within the extant accountant literature on the knowledge economy. The paper does three things. Firstly, it draws on a broad review of the accounting literature to explore how intellectual capital is being defined and constructed within that literature. Secondly, it provides a poststructural analysis of the way ethical knowledge emerged within the intellectual capital statements of an early innovator in Intellectual Capital reporting. Finally, the paper tentatively hints towards the moral and civic potential of alternative conceptualisations of ethical knowledge networks at the margins of the knowledge economy and considers some areas for further research in this regard.     

Intellectual capital disclosures by South African companies: A longitudinal investigation

Most of the previous studies on intellectual capital disclosures have been conducted from developed countries' context. There is very limited empirical evidence in this area from the context of emerging economies in general and Africa in particular. This paper is one of the early attempts in this regard. The main purpose of this study is to examine the extent and nature of intellectual capital disclosures in ‘Top 20’ South African companies over a 5 years period (2002–2006). The study uses content analysis method to scrutinise the patterns of intellectual capital disclosures during the study period. The results show that intellectual capital disclosures in South Africa have increased over the 5 years study period with certain firms reporting considerably more than others. Out of the three broad categories of intellectual capital disclosures human capital appears to be the most popular category. This finding stands in sharp contrast to the previous studies in this area where external capital was found to be most popular category.