浅谈拟建桥梁对河道行洪和河势稳定的影响——以孔雀河复线大桥工程为例

描述了河槽一般冲刷、桥墩局部冲刷、壅水、河道稳定性等的计算理论,以孔雀河复线大桥这一工程实例,运用计算理论分析孔雀河复线大桥修建后对河道行洪及河势稳定的影响,最后得出拟建桥梁方案是否可行的结论。     

基于泄洪移民区域分汊河道泄流相互影响的模型试验研究

基于政府的组织行为、政府的协调行为和政府的监督行为与行洪移民区域后期扶持的具体工作的研究,治淮工程移民安置方案产生31.2亿元的投资。移民区域的大小与安全行洪区范围直接相关,分汊河道行洪的最佳分流比决定了行洪的安全与否。为了探讨复杂并联泄洪河道中不同的闸门控制对泄流的影响,论文结合淮河入江水道归江控制段模型试验,对复杂分汊并联河道的分流比及其流态对河道的稳定等进行了分析研究。通过对所采集的水位流量资料进行理论分析,按照不同的闸门开度组合,结合水面流态,系统分析入江水道中下段分汊并联河道在不同的流量下最优闸门开度组合及支汊分流比。单闸控制,主汊河道闸门开度一定时,分流比随着总泄流量增加而减小,两支汊河道分流比基本相同,且随总泄流量增加而增加。双闸控制,主汊河道和支汊河道闸门组合调节时,主汊分流比同单闸控制,支汊分流比变化量来自主汊,不影响其他支汊河道分流比。最优闸门开度为主汊单闸控制2/3开度,最优分流比为76%、12%、12%,在此分流比下行洪,将保持移民后期区域不扩大或缩小。     

Application of aerial LSPIV to the 2002 flood of the Yodo River using a helicopter mounted high density video camera

Conventional Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) implementation to river flow measurement is based on video recordings acquired with the camera set at a fixed location. During floods, it is of high interest to map reach of rivers that are at bankfull stage or flowing over the floodplain. In order to accommodate this interest a new approach is proposed in this paper, whereby images are taken from a helicopter that survey the region of interest. Visualization of the free surface during the high flood flows is obtained by taking advantage of the floating debris, ripples at the free surface, and water color gradients created by the high velocities. The new image acquisition procedure requires adjustments in the image processing protocols. The paper describes the adjustments made to the conventional software to accommodate the implementation of aerial LSPIV accompanied by considerations of its uncertainties. The unique capabilities of the aerial LSPIV in comparison with any other existing velocity and discharge measurement means is demonstrated by its implementation during the 2006 flood in Yodo River (Japan).     

桥墩群对河道行洪影响的研究 ) 以上海机场快速公交工程为例

以原规划的上海机场快速公交工程( 以下称/ 磁悬浮工程0) 为例。磁悬浮工程与白莲泾河道共线 3 1 75 km, 121 座桥墩布置于河道内, 并多次不规则与河道小夹角相交, 严重影响了白莲泾河道的防洪、 排涝功能的正常发挥, 类似工程对行洪影响的研究尚不多见。采用物理模型试验和一维数学模型计算相结合的研究方法, 探讨了复杂桥 墩群对河道行洪的影响, 为河道管理和类似涉水建设项目防洪影响评价提供参考。     

长江感潮河段设计流量及流速推求方法研究

感潮河段受潮汐影响水流极其复杂，呈往复运动，影响潮流量的主要因素是潮差的大小和上游来水的大小，为给拟建的苏州至南通长江公路大桥初步设计提供设计流量和流速，对感潮河段设计流量及流速推求方法进行了深入的研究，提出了相关法推求感潮河段设计流量及流速的方法，该方法概念清楚，计算成果精度较高，适用性强，可供感潮河段推求设计流量及流速借鉴。     

Effects of river discharge on abundance and instantaneous growth of age‐0 carpsuckers in the Oconee River,Georgia, USA

The Oconee River in middle Georgia, U.S.A., has been regulated by the Sinclair Dam since 1953. Since then, the habitat of the lower Oconee River has been altered and the river has become more incised. The altered environmental conditions of the Oconee River may limit the success of various fish populations. Some obligate riverine fishes may be good indicator species for assessing river system integrity because they are intolerant to unfavourable conditions. For example, many sucker species require clean gravel for feeding and reproduction. Further, age‐0 fishes are more vulnerable than adults to flow alterations because of their limited ability to react to such conditions. In this study, we investigated the relationship between abundance and growth of age‐0 carpsuckers to river discharge in the Oconee River. A beach seine was used to collect age‐0 carpsuckers (Carpiodes spp.) from littoral zones of the lower Oconee River from May through July of 1995 to 2001. Regression models were used to assess whether 12 river discharge categories (e.g. peak, low, seasonal flows) influenced age‐0 carpsucker abundance or instantaneous growth. Our analysis indicated that abundance of age‐0 carpsuckers was significantly negatively related to number of days river discharge was >85 m³ s^?1(r² = 0.61, p = 0.04). Estimates of instantaneous growth ranged from 0.10 to 0.90. Instantaneous growth rates were significantly positively related to summer river discharge (r² = 0.95, p <0.01). These results suggest that (1) moderate flows during spawning and rearing are important for producing strong‐year classes of carpsuckers, and (2) river discharge is variable among years, with suitable flows for strong year‐classes of carpsuckers occurring every few years. River management should attempt to regulate river discharge to simulate historic flows typical for the region when possible. Such an approach is best achieved when regional climatic conditions are considered. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

洮儿河河湖连通系统洪水资源利用边界阈值研究

河湖连通工程的实施为洪水资源的引蓄利用提供了有力保障。洪水引蓄过程中,安全与效益并重。基于洪水的双重属性,文章利用MIKE11一维水动力学模型及相关的流量、水量计算方法对洮儿河白城境内的河湖连通系统洪水引蓄的安全值以及各受水单元(湖泡、湿地、灌区)的需水量进行了界定。结果表明:20年一遇及以下量级洪水可保证河道全线安全引水,河道最大安全流量为2 140 m~3/s;河道三个区间的生态基流分别为4.79 m~3/s、3.19m~3/s、2.97m~3/s;河道外受水单元需水量上限值为9.38×108 m~3,需水量下限值为5.60×108 m~3。河湖连通系统加强了河道内外的水力联系且河道内外供需水相互影响,边界阈值的确定将为洪水资源利用过程中的调度决策提供重要参考。     

The Sanaga discharge at the Edea Catchment outlet (Cameroon): An example of hydrologic responses of a tropical rain‐fed river system to changes in precipitation and groundwater inputs and to flow regulation

The Sanaga River is one of Sub‐Saharan Africa's largest and greatly regulated rivers. Available flow data for this hydrosystem largely cover the pre‐ and post‐regulation periods. From comparisons between unregulated (hypothetical) and observed scenarios, it has been possible to separate and to quantify hydro‐climatic (groundwater + rainfall) change effects from anthropogenic impacts (especially dam‐related alterations). To appreciate shifts in the river regime, discontinuity detection tests and the IHA model were applied to discharge data series reflecting average and extreme flow conditions, respectively. Results obtained principally from the Hubert segmentation method reveal that a major discontinuity occurred in 1970–1971 separating a surplus phase between 1945–1946 and 1969–1970, and a deficient and much contrasted one, from 1971/1972. This implies that the Sanaga catchment is dominantly affected by hydro‐climatic changes. However, wide land cover/land use changes experienced here since 1988 have resulted in an increase in surface runoff. Additional quickflows linked to these changes may have partly compensated for the substantial decline in the dry season rainfall and groundwater inputs observed from this date. Although at the monthly scale, dam‐related impacts on average flows increase with stage of regulation, the seasonal variability of the river regime remains generally unaffected. A comparison of the IHA statistics, calculated from unregulated and observed streamflow data, show that hydrologic shifts occurring in maximum and minimum discharges are mostly significant from 1971/1972 and are mainly due to the action of dams. Minimum flows appear, however, widely impacted, thus reflecting the prime objective assigned to the existing reservoirs, constructed to supplement flows for hydroelectricity production during the dry season. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.