中国家族企业核心竞争力识别与测评

中国家族企业核心竞争力的培育与提升,是促进中国家族企业快速发展必须解决的一重大理论和现实问题。本文试图探索一条新的识别与测评中国家族企业核心竞争力的途径。首先我们对家族企业的内涵进行了科学的界定,对中国家族企业的经营特点进行了系统的分析;然后通过采用文本信息挖掘的方法,提炼出中国成功家族企业的核心竞争力的若干要素;最后模糊综合评判网络方法构建了一个中国家族企业核心竞争力的自我判别模型,以期待帮助中国家族企业经营管理者对所属企业进行科学定位,从而达到采取有效措施提高企业治理水平,提升企业核心竞争力的目的。     

Knowledge Management as the Basis of Sustained High Performance

abstract    By deconstructing some of the key elements of the resource-based view and the knowledge-based view of the firm, we suggest that there are three components to knowledge management systems that influence firm performance: the firm's ability to produce new knowledge, its ability to build on that knowledge, and its effectiveness in capturing a high proportion of the subsequent spin-offs. Using regression analysis to analyse data from 30,022 patent records from 42 firms, we find that a firm's growth rate is positively associated with its ability to generate rare and valuable knowledge, and to build on that knowledge.     

The dynamic annihilation of a rational competitive fringe by a low-cost dominant firm

A low-cost dominant firm will drive all competitive fringe firms out of the market if all firms have rational expectations; however, the dominant firm will not predate (price below marginal cost). Since a dominant firm will not drive out fringe firms if they have myopic expectations, it may be in the dominant firm's best interests to inform the fringe. The effects of governmental intervention on the optimal path and welfare are presented.     

THE TECHNO-ECONOMIC ECOLOGY OF CORPORATE STRATEGY

Abstract C orporate strategy is viewed as a set of guidelines or policy heuristics developed as a response to the contingencies faced by a firm. If the environment is rich in contingencies, as when it is dynamic, complex, and uncertain, the firm's corporate stratedgy is likely to be comprehensive or multi-faceted. If the environment is not rich in contingencies, as when the environment is stable or predictable, the strategy is likely to be quite limited in scope. Data from seventy-nine firms are consistent with this contingency view of corporate strategy. When the perceived importance of each of several activities is correlated with the perceived magnitudes of different forms of competition and technological change experienced by the firm, it is found that (i) the associations between these techno-economic environmental variables and the importance of these activities are generally positive; and (ii) there are striking differences, as between the techno-economic variables, in their relationships with the importance of four areas of stratedgic import that are secured by classifying these activities by function. The observed relationships are explained in terms of contingencies that the techno-economic variables may create for the firm. Plans for further research are briefly outlined.     

Reputation, Product Quality, and Warranties

This paper studies the firm's choice between implicit and explicit contracts as alternative methods of assuring product quality. The relationship between these two contractual forms is studied using a dynamic model with imperfect monitoring and team moral hazard where both the firm and the consumer take unobservable actions that affect product performance. The firm chooses the contractual arrangement that maximizes expected profit. Identified are conditions on the primitive attributes of the transactions and on the firm's environment that can help explain why firms might decide to use explicit contracting, implicit contracting, or a combination of the two. I also show that there are conditions under which the introduction of reputation causes explicit contracts to be more uniform and less sensitive to the details of the transaction than implied by static models.     

Wage Bargaining Under the National Labor Relations Act

Sections 8(a)(3) and 8(a)(5) of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) prohibit the management of a firm from unilaterally increasing the wage during contract negotiations without the union's approval. We show how the management can strategically increase the wage during negotiations without violating the NLRA. Increasing the wage during negotiations will upset the union's incentive to strike and decrease the union's bargaining power, thereby shrinking the set of equilibrium contracts in the firm's favor. Indeed, as the union becomes more patient, the set of equilibrium wages converges to the best equilibrium outcome to the firm.     

Initial Environmental Conditions and Technological Change

This paper provides a theoretical link between the initial environmental conditions surrounding a firm's birth and first few years of operations and its process of technological change. The main argument is that initial environmental conditions influence the technological trajectories of business firms. Four mechanisms through which this influence is carried out are technological paradigm, dominant logic, organizational structure, and configuration. These mechanisms act as carriers of initial influences and constrain the future technological developments, restricting thus the possible technological trajectories a firm can follow. This paper discusses the above mechanisms and a number of propositions concerning the kind of influence different initial environmental conditions have on technological change. The paper concludes with implications for further research.     

Business Strategy, Human Capital, and Managerial Incentives

We posit that the value of a manager's human capital depends on the firm's business strategy. The resulting interaction between business strategy and managerial incentives affects the organization of business activities. We illustrate the impact of this interaction on firm boundaries in a dynamic agency model. There may be disadvantages in merging two firms even when such a merger allows the internalization of externalities between the two firms. Merging, by making unprofitable certain decisions, increases the cost of inducing managerial effort. This incentive cost is a natural consequence of the manager's business-strategy-specific human capital.     

论保险业信息化的财务集中管理

信息科技的发展,改变了人类的生存环境和企业的经营管理模式,人类社会正由工业社会向信息社会过渡。企业信息化成为企业在经济信息化和经济全球化时代提高企业核心竞争力的重要手段。财务是企业管理的核心,在企业信息化进程中,财务管理信息化是重点,也是企业信息化的切入点。本文针对我国保险业经营管理的现状,分析财务集中管理的优势,认为保险公司的财务信息化应借助网络技术,建立财务集中管理模式。     

Diversificationas a Strategic Preemptive Weapon

This article examines the role that multimarket operations play in a firm's ability to preempt entry into new markets when presence in a market does not commit the firm to remain there. Success in one market affects a firm's incentives and, in turn, strategic power, to fight a rival fur survival in a related market. This is modeled as a way of attrition, and the risk-dominant equilibrium is derived. The model supports brand proliferation as a credible preemptive strategy for an established firm and also has implications regarding the strategic role of economies of scope and "deep pockets."     

The Role of Alliance Network Redundancy in the Creation of Core and Non-core Technologies

This paper studies the effect of a focal firm, and its partners' local alliance actions, on the creation of technological innovations by the former. More specifically, we study how two types of redundancy in a focal firm's ego network affect its ability to create new technologies in its technology core areas (exploitation) and/or non-core areas (exploration). We analyse this empirically in three different industry settings: chemicals, motor vehicles, and pharmaceuticals. One of our key findings is that individual firms can indeed boost both types of innovative output by shaping the degree of redundancy in their local alliance network, but that the way in which this should be done differs between the creation of core and non-core technologies. Next, we find that it is very useful to unpack the rather abstract notion of redundancy into more specific types of redundancy in ego networks. Overall, these findings reflect an action-oriented view on the role of individual firms in collaborative networks, which may complement the dominant view in the alliance literature emphasizing the role of the overall network structure and firms' network position within it.     

Examining green policy and sustainable development from the perspective of differentiation and strategic alignment

The study seeks to explain the influence of green policy on sustainable development from the perspective of differentiation and strategic alignment. The study examined the relationships among a divergent green management strategy, green competencies, and firm performance. The results indicate that a divergent green management strategy is associated with higher firm performance and that such relationship is moderated by green competencies. The study confirms that a differentiation strategy pays off for firms that implement green management. The study also confirms that green policy should consider the strategic alignment between green management strategy and green competencies.     

Externalizing the core: Firms' use of employment intermediaries in the information and communication technology industries

Recent research suggests that nonstandard employment relations may be a source of innovation for the firm. In this article, we analyze firms' strategic correlates and perceived benefits from using two types of employment in‐termediaries—consulting firms and temporary help agencies—in their core activities. Organizations with an innovation strategy are more likely to use consulting firms in their core activities, while organizations that compete on the basis of low cost are more apt to use temporary help agencies. Moreover, managers say that consulting firms are more likely than temporary help agencies to provide them with special competencies in their core activities. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Commitment-based HR practices,different types of innovation activities and firm innovation performance

Research on human resource (HR) practices and innovation has increased in the strategic HR management literature over the last decades. Scholars suggest that commitment-based HR practices contribute to innovation performance of the firm. However, prior research puts little emphasis on the causal linkages among commitment-based HR practices, different types of innovation activities and firm innovation performance. This article opens the black box of the relationship between HR management and firm performance by examining the causal relationships among a bundle of commitment-based HR practices (i.e. a commitment-based HR system), different types of innovation activities and firm innovation performance. On the basis of a survey of 103 Turkish firms, empirical results show that a commitment-based HR system has a positive effect on process, organizational and marketing innovation activities. Furthermore, a commitment-based HR system mainly affects organizational innovation activities and shows that these innovation activities are the core drivers of process and marketing innovation activities, leading to higher rate of product innovation activities. Subsequently, product innovation activities enhance firm innovation performance, emphasizing their determinant role.     

资本结构与公司产品市场战略——一个模型分析

本文在总结了以前资本结构理论的基础上,提出了分析资本结构与产品市场战略关系的一般框架,按照公司债务是否能使公司在产品市场竞争中处于强势或弱势地位的标准,分别介绍不同的战略决策对公司财务杠杆的影响,得出了正的战略效应能够增加高负债水平的杠杆收益;负的战略效应会减少高负债水平的杠杆收益。与不考虑战略安排的情况相比,相应地应该举更多(更少)债务的结论。相反,我们也描述了负债对公司产品市场竞争战略的影响,得出了上述结论另一方面的解释。最后,讨论了结论的理论意义及现实意义。     

企业理论演变与财务管理目标的选择

理论界目前讨论的财务管理目标主要有:利润最大化、股东财富最大化、企业价值最大化和企业可持续发展能力最大化。财务管理目标的歧见,反映了财务管理目标的动态性和博弈性,体现了财务管理目标的经济学根源。财务管理目标随企业理论的演变而变化发展:古典企业理论的财务管理目标是利润最大化;与“剩余索取权假说”相对应的财务管理目标是股东财富最大化;企业治理理论的财务管理目标是企业价值最大化;企业能力理论的财务管理目标是企业可持续发展能力最大化。     

以知识为基础的企业理论的产生及其演进过程

以知识为基础的企业理论的理论渊源在于对企业竞争优势内生的考察,并依次经历资源决定论、能力决定论的理论演进过程,它强调企业竞争优势源于企业的默会知识。这一观点不仅对解释和预期企业行为提供了核心概念,而且对指导企业提升竞争优势的实践具有管理学意义。     

The Role of Debt in Procurement Contracts

This paper develops a theory of capital structure based on the attempts of a firm to alleviate a holdup problem that arises in its bilateral relationship with a buyer. It is shown that by issuing debt to outsiders, the firm can improve its ex post bargaining position vis-a-vis the buyer and capture a larger share of the ex post gains from trade. Debt, however, is costly because the buyer may find the required price too high and refuse to trade. Since debt raises the payoff of claimholders, it strengthens the firm's incentive to make relationship-specific investments, and therefore alleviates the well-known underinvestment problem. A comparative static analysis yields a number of testable hypotheses regarding the firm's financial strategy.     

物流企业如何塑造核心能力

深入分析了物流企业在发展过程中认识上存在的误区和导致企业核心能力较低的根源，同时从企业内部管理，信息技术和物流营销等方面探讨了塑造核心能力的主要策略。     

Limits to global sourcing?: Strategic consequences of dependency on international suppliers: Cluster theory,resource-based view and case studies

This paper argues for the inclusion of an analysis of industry clusters when making decisions about global or local sourcing. Suppliers are viewed as valuable resources that can contribute to a firm's competitive advantage. Two contrasting case studies illustrate that, contrary to common expectations, a high global sourcing quota does not necessarily improve a firm's competitiveness. Rather, there may be limits to global sourcing, if a firm is unable to become a preferred customer of its strategic suppliers. Achieving preferred customer status is easier for firms located in the same regional or national cluster than it is for foreign firms attempting to access a remote supplier. This paper contributes a new and more differentiated approach to global sourcing decisions by integrating the cluster concept. Furthermore, our findings enrich the discourse of strategic management by supporting the view that resources which enable a firm to achieve sustainable competitive advantages can be located beyond its legal boundaries.