美国石油天然气会计准则的发展历史及启示

由于石油天然气工业生产过程的独特性 ,决定了其会计核算方法与一般工业有所不同。在美国和其他一些西方国家普遍采用以历史成本为基础的成果法或全部成本法。但是 ,对这两种方法的优劣一直争论不休。为了石油天然气行业会计信息的可比性 ,AICPA、FASB和SEC等组织做了不懈的努力 ,先后制定了FAS19、FAS2 5和FAS6 9三个专门石油天然气会计准则以及ASR2 5 3、ASR2 5 7和ASR2 5 8。其中有经验 ,也有教训 ,值得我们正在研究中的石油天然气会计准则借鉴。     

完善石油天然气会计准则的建议

我国财政部于2006年2月颁布了《企业会计准则第27号-石油天然气开采》,该准则同现行的石油天然气会计制度相比,突出了油气开采会计与其生产工艺相适应的特点,并初步实现了国际油气会计准则的趋同,但在许多具体问题的处理上还有很大差异。本文从石油天然气行业的特殊性出发,结合我国国情,对完善我国石油天然气开采会计准则提出了很好的建议。     

新会计准则下石油天然气开采准则初探

<正>石油天然气行业是一个比较特殊的行业,具有高风险、高投资等特点,而且石油天然气资源的会计处理具有显著的行业特点,但是我国一直没有一套完整的适应油气资源的会计准则规范,同国外准则相比,我国油气企业使用的会计规范一直都不适应油气行业的生产特点,这对于石油天然气开采行业的发     

新会计准则对我国石油天然气行业的影响

<正>财政部于2006年颁发的《企业会计准则第27号——石油天然气开采》(ASBE27)对油气行业的会计行为作了具体的规定。因此,笔者基于对《准则》相关规定的分析,探讨新准则下我国石油天然气会计核算的相关问题以及对我国石油天然气企业的影响。     

关于制定石油和天然气特殊行业会计准则的探讨

现行的石油和天然气生产企业的对外会计报告既不能满足投资者的需要 ,又不能充分反映企业的财务状况 ,应该通过制定特殊行业会计准则对其进行改革。特殊行业会计准则的制定应该从以下几个方面进行工作 :1 确认特殊资产 ;2 划分石油和天然气的生产阶段 ;3 对各生产阶段的特殊资产的会计处理进行规定 ;4 特殊资料的对外披露。     

浅议石油天然气开采会计准则——基于资本支出核算改进对预算管理的影响

鉴于石油资源是现在最重要的战略性资源,而石油行业相对于其他行业又具有高投资、高风险、高回报等特点,该行业会计的该如何计量,如何披露,一直是石油天然气行业财务人员面临的难题。因此．时石油天然气开采制定专门的会计准则具有重要的意义。那由中国财政部在2006年颁布的《企业会计准则第27号——石油天然气开采》做出了哪些改进,对预算管理产生何种影响呢？     

中美石油天然气会计准则的比较及启示

石油天然气是一个特殊的行业,其生产经营有着自己的特点。它有着特殊的风险一勘探风险、价格风险和政治风险,加之石油天然气作为战略资源,对一国经济和安全起着基础性作用。文章从颁布背景及内容两个方面对中美石油天然气会计准则进行了比较,简单的论述了中美两国会计准则在矿区权益、油气勘探等方面的异同,并对我国会计准则中存在的不足提出了改进建议。     

浅析2006新油气会计准则

本文阐述了我国目前石油天然气行业会计现状,并对新颁布的油气会计准则的主要特点进行了简单描述,通过与旧准则和国际惯例的两方面的主要差异比较,探讨并展望了新准则对我国大型油气企业的重要影响,旨在抛砖引玉,以期引起更多同仁对我国油气会计准则的理解和重视。     

油气行业特征与会计方法选择

油气行业是为国民经济提供战略物资的流体采掘行业。勘探支出的会计处理是油气会计核心问题,两种基本方法——成果法与完全成本法孰是孰非争论至今未果。本文对国内外油气会计发展、油气行业特征、成果法和完全成本法的特点进行梳理,提出完全成本法才是适宜我国国情的会计方法。     

我国石油、天然气行业税费制度探析

本文首先介绍了我国石油、天然气行业的相关税费制度,归纳了国外石油税制的经验。在此基础上,对我国石油、天然气税费制度中存在的问题进行了分析,并对完善我国石油、天然气行业的税费制度提出了若干政策建议。     

International Accounting Standards: An Alternative Rationale

International aspects of financial reporting have begun to receive an increasing amount of attention by a range of organizations. There is a need then, to appraise critically the performance and the underlying rationale of those agencies responsible for influencing international practices. Identification and appraisal of the rationale underlying the existence of those agencies is a necessary step in determining their potential for achieving the objectives which they have been set. This paper examines the rationale behind one of these agencies, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC, 1977). Unlike many others, the paper does not attempt to explain why we should have an organization such as the IASC and the standards it produces. Rather, it represents an attempt to explain why we do have an organization such as the IASC. To that end, an alternative rationale is suggested for the output of the IASC, based on theories of professional selfinterest, agency, and property rights. It is argued that that rationale is likely to have significantly greater explanatory power in respect of the present output produced by the IASC than those traditionally presented.     

我国投资性房地产会计准则国际比较及影响

财政部2006年2月15目正式发布了我国新的会计准则体系，其中包括为规范我国企业房地产投资方面的业务核算而首次发布的《企业会计准则第3号——投资性房地产》。该项准则的发布和实施，为我国企业合理进行相关业务核算提供了法规支持。这体现我国在会计准则方面与国际会计准则实现了趋同。本文对我国投资性房地产准则与国际会计准则作比较，以明确二者的异同，并说明新准则对企业的财务影响。     

Goodwill Accounting in Selected Countries and the Harmonization of International Accounting Standards

Economic and financial markets interpenetrate and national economies are increasingly interdependent. This results in a growing need for comparability of accounting procedures internationally. Accounting for goodwill illustrates this phenomenon. By specifying the recommended asset treatment for purchased, positive goodwill, and the five-year amortization period, IASC has taken a significant step towards harmonization of goodwill accounting. As noted in the article, however, the implications for consolidated income may be quite drastic. This is especially so with respect to the implications of the revised IAS 22 (following IAS ED 32) for potential leveraged corporate buy-outs.     

税务会计模式的国际比较

税款的会计处理不是税务会计。根据不同的标准,世界各国的会计模式可以有不同的分类。而根据税法对会计的导向作用不同,税务会计的模式可分为统一模式和独立模式。我国税制改革与会计改革的不断推进,使两者的目标和原则出现差异,建立适合我国国情的税务会计理论体系,已经成为现代税收制度(特别是企业所得税)应对差异、不断发展与完善的必然选择。     

权证会计处理的国际准则及其借鉴

本文在简要介绍权证产品及其要素、种类和功能的基础上,重点围绕国际会计准则关于金融工具会计的相关规定,对权证的会计处理原则和方法进行了探讨,并就其对我国会计及信息披露发展的启示进行了分析,以期为我国权证产品的成功推出进行一些有益的探索.     

论会计准则的国际协调

由于经济发展所处的环境不同，各国制定的会计准则存在很大差异，这种差异赞成的障碍给世界经济带来的困扰日益增加。国际经济愈发展，会计准则的国际协调就愈迫切。本文分析了形成这种迫切性的原因以及促进国际协调所遇到的阻力，阐述了我国参与国际会计协调的思路。     

The Withdrawal of Current Cost Accounting in the United Kingdom: A Study of the Accounting Standards Committee

Evidence from the archives of the U.K. Accounting Standards Committee (ASC) is used to trace the events leading to the withdrawal of the current cost accounting standard, SSAP 16, from 1980 to 1988. Three central issues are addressed. First, the ASC's role as a regulatory body is considered in the light of the failure to obtain compliance with SSAP 16 and to find an acceptable replacement. Second, the decline in support for SSAP 16 is explained in terms of changes in the economic environment. Third, the roles of different interest groups in the process are analysed.     

The Impact of Adopting International Accounting Standards on the Harmonization of Accounting Practices

Over the past few decades numerous organizations have been actively participating in the efforts to improve the comparability of financial reporting. Many studies have discussed the benefits and drawbacks of comparability. This study investigated the affect on the harmonization, or comparability, of accounting practices when a sample of companies choose to use international accounting standards (IASs) when preparing financial reports.This study analyzed trends in the I index, a measure of concentration for the use of a particular accounting practice introduced by van der Tas, to determine if the choice of accounting methods by a sample of Swiss companies became more aligned with a sample of companies from three other countries. The study included a control sample of Swiss companies that did not switch from reporting using local Swiss standards during the same time period, 1988 through 1995. Four accounting practices were included; depreciation, inventory, financial statement cost basis, and consolidation practices. The practices used were compared with a sample of companies from three countries; Japan, the UK, and the US.The results indicated that across the 8-year period, the majority of the I indices comparisons were positive and statistically significant. However, the results did not support that these increases were due primarily to the adoption of IASs.     

Examining the differences between United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP) and International Accounting Standards (IAS): implications for the harmonization of accounting standards

Current trends indicate continued movement towards the harmonization of accounting standards, but not without difficulty and concern. At times, the political and financial market pressure, push the movement in opposite directions. The paper discusses the conceptual framework used in establishing Global Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) (International Accounting Standards, IAS) and U.S. GAAP. Numerous transactional examples are illustrated under both Global GAAP and U.S. GAAP treatment. Several country specific references are presented demonstrating the difficulty in achieving harmonization. Implications for harmonization of accounting standards include arguments “for” and “against” Global GAAP.     

Relative Value Relevance of the Successful Efforts and Full Cost Accounting Methods in the Oil and Gas Industry

This paper examines the value relevance of two alternative accounting methods for exploration and development (E&D) expenditures for oil and gas firms. I find that full cost (FC) accounting data is more value-relevant than successful efforts (SE) accounting data. Further analysis reveals that the smooth earnings provided by the FC method contributes to the higher value relevance of the FC method. This study concludes that a policy of full capitalization of expenditures with uncertain future economic benefits better summarizes information relevant to investors relative to a policy of partial capitalization.