中印机电产品贸易的互补性和竞争性分析

本文运用显示性比较优势指数和贸易互补性指数分析中印两国机电产品的贸易互补性,通过出口相似度指数以及出口市场结构的比较,分析两国机电产品出口世界市场的贸易竞争性,最后以贸易强度指数预测两国机电产品贸易的增长空间。结果表明,目前中国对印度机电产品出口的贸易互补性大于印度对中国机电产品出口的贸易互补性。中国和印度机电产品的贸易结构差异明显,竞争性不强。两国的机电产品贸易潜力巨大。     

中日分类服务贸易竞争力分解研究

中日两国存在频繁的经济往来,对比两国服务贸易竞争力并对其影响因素进行分解研究,这对加快东亚服务贸易合作十分重要。文章运用恒定市场份额法与波特竞争优势理论,就中日两国劳动密集型和知识密集型服务业贸易竞争力及分解状态进行分阶段分析,得出中日两国服务贸易竞争力的决定因素存在差异、中日两国服务贸易出口倾向不同、中日两国服务贸易生产和出口结构存在差异等结论,并在此基础上提出调整服务贸易竞争力驱动模式、拓宽服务贸易出口市场、优化服务贸易生产与出口结构等建议。     

后金融危机时期中印农产品出口贸易比较分析

中国和印度在地理位置、自然资源禀赋、生产条件、生产技术科学水平和产品市场等均有相似之处,这些都决定了中国和印度农产品出口的竞争性.文章利用后金融危机时期中印农产品贸易数据对中印农产品贸易关系进行研究,通过比较分析中印两国农产品出口的比较优势,最后提出了后金融危机时期提高中国农产品出口竞争力的建议.     

中国对日本农产品出口贸易的影响因素研究——基于引力模型的实证分析

近年来,中日农产品贸易规模迅速扩大,日本作为中国第一大农产品出口国,在中国农产品贸易中具有重要地位。本文利用引力模型,实证分析了中国对日本农产品出口的影响因素及贸易潜力。研究结果表明:中国农业产出的增加和日本经济规模的扩大对中日农产品贸易具有促进作用;中日农产品贸易成本对两国农产品贸易具有负作用;中国对日本农产品出口"贸易不足",双边农产品贸易规模依然有进一步扩大空间。     

多视角看中日农产品贸易互补性

中日农产品贸易问题日益成为中日两国经贸关系研究的热点。文章从比较优势指数、贸易互补指数及贸易强度指数三个不同视角进行分析发现,中日农产品贸易互补性较强并呈上升趋势,其中竞争力提升效应使中国对日本农产品出口的扩大贡献最大。鉴于上述分析,中日两国应发挥各自的比较优势,充分利用好“两个市场,两种资源”,加强农业领域的交流与合作,推动中日两国农产品贸易合作继续走向双赢。     

中国服务贸易进出口结构特征研究

基于2000—2018年中国贸易进出口数据,将服务贸易与商品贸易进行对比分析,从进口和出口两个角度研究中国服务贸易结构变化特征,并与服务贸易发达国家进行比较分析.结果表明:中国服务贸易占总体贸易比重偏低,服务贸易逆差额不断扩大;中国服务贸易出口结构渐趋优化,服务贸易进口结构则呈现两极分化的不平衡发展态势,运输、旅游等传统服务贸易依旧占据主体部分.因此,应高度重视国内服务业发展对服务贸易的基础性作用,优化服务贸易产业结构,扎实提升服务贸易国际竞争力,拓宽服务贸易合作新空间.     

人民币实际汇率变动对中日贸易影响的实证分析(2000～2011)

本文使用GARCH模型度量了人民币对日元实际汇率的波动性,并基于VAR的协整检验和误差修正模型实证分析了人民币实际汇率变动对中日进出口贸易的影响。结果表明,长期内,中国对日进出口存在正向的收入效应和负向的汇率波动效应,出口价格效应为正,进口价格效应为负,且出口价格弹性大于进口价格弹性;中国实际收入是推动中日进出口增长的重要动力。短期内,人民币贬值不能改善中日贸易逆差状况,并且向长期均衡的调整速度较慢;人民币汇率制度改革对中日贸易的长短期影响均不显著。因此,中日贸易问题的根本不在人民币汇率,而在于中国经济结构和出口贸易结构的优化。     

技术进步模式与服务贸易出口结构优化升级——基于美国与印度的数据比较

文章从理论与实证角度分析技术进步模式与服务贸易出口结构优化升级的相关性。文章先从理论上分析了技术进步对服务贸易结构优化的机理,特别是技术创新与技术模仿对一国服务贸易出口结构优化产生作用的影响与条件。接着,利用美国与印度的相关数据,运用实证方法验证技术进步与样本国家服务贸易出口结构优化的正相关性。结果表明技术进步与样本国家服务贸易出口结构优化存在很强的正相关性,且技术创新对美国的服务贸易出口结构优化具有显著影响,技术模仿对印度的服务贸易出口结构变化具有显著影响。     

外部冲击下中日贸易增长的内生性结构变化——基于LS单位根检验与GH变协整分析北大核心CSSCI

本文基于内生结构突变的平稳性与变协整检验方法对近年来中日两国进出口贸易的序列进行了分析。结果显示,中日贸易在2008年年底受到金融危机冲击和在2011年初受到欧债危机冲击下发生了两次显著的结构变化。金融危机的冲击效果表现为贸易额在短期的迅速下降和此后的快速回升,而欧债危机的冲击效果则表现为贸易总体增长趋势的减缓。中日两国主要商品的进出口贸易之间存在显著的变协整关系。总体上看,中国对日本的贸易增长趋势在2011年初发生了显著的结构调整,贸易逆差收窄的趋势逐渐明朗。     

中国对外贸易不平衡的结构分析——基于工业品要素密度视角

本文把635个贸易行业SITC 4位分类数据转换成27个工业行业ISIC 3位分类数据,利用工业品外部金融依赖度、实物资本密度、人力资本密度和自然资源密度4个行业特征指标对中国进出口贸易结构和贸易不平衡进行了量化分析。研究结果表明近年来中国在这27个行业中大部分是贸易顺差,这种顺差的变化趋势是向外部金融依赖度高的行业、实物资本密度低的行业、自然资源密度低的行业转移。根据贸易整体要素密度指数可以看出,中国四个维度表示的贸易结构中,多年来都是进口要素密度指数高于出口要素密度指数,进出口贸易结构不断升级,出口贸易结构升级更为显著。本文还分析了中国与9个主要贸易伙伴国之间双边贸易的净要素密度指数。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.