Fiscal announcements and real exchange rate dynamics

This paper examines the dynamic impact of anticipated government spending on real exchange rates in a general-equilibrium framework. I show that an increase in government spending causes persistent movements in real exchange rates, and that the time profile of real exchange rates differs with patterns of government spending. Hence, one of the explanations for the misalignment and excess volatility of real exchange rates during the flexible exchange rate system may be volatile changes in government spending.     

本币名义汇率低于真实汇率是保持国际竞争力的有效手段

本文表达了如下想法:①名义汇率围绕真实汇率上下波动的调整,会促使一国国际收支恶化或者改善;②美元对人民币贬值并不一定能够满足马歇尔———勒纳条件和解决中美国际收支失衡问题,因为失衡问题主要是美国的国内因素以及限制对华技术出口与中国商品进口所引起的;③我国作为一个发展中国家,应该适度控制名义汇率,使其低于真实汇率,才能支持劳动力优势,保持国际收支顺差;④国际收支长期盈余,是我国经济增长和经济安全的保证。     

Free trade and income redistribution in some developing and newly industrialized countries

A competitive general equilibrium model of production is specified and the long-run comparative static elasticities of changing prices on factor prices are examined in eight developing and newly industrialized countries. Unskilled labor in these developing countries stands to gain from a program of global free trade characterized by increased manufacturing exports and falling prices of imported business services, while capital owners and skilled labor lose. Results are contrasted with developed countries, the United States in particular, where unskilled labor will lose while capital and skilled labor enjoy gains with global free trade.     

The Swedish real exchange rate under different currency regimes

This paper presents evidence on the behaviour of the Swedish real exchange rate relative to Germany under different currency regimes during the period 1973:1–2001:4. The results suggest that the real exchange rate is cointegrated with Swedish and German productivity, which is consistent with Balassa (1964) and Samuelson (1964). In the short run, the exchange rate regime has mattered for the dynamics of the real exchange rate. Deviations from long-run equilibrium have been adjusted more quickly when the nominal exchange rate has been allowed to float freely. JEL no. C22, E31, F41     

国际惯例的保税区核心要素及其适用性研究

本文通过对符合国际惯例的保税区等经济区域进行分类,归纳出其成功的核心要素,主要包括3点:彻底的关税优惠、良好的外部条件、贸易的便利性。并对符合国际惯例的核心要素在我国的适用性进行分析,得出一些政策建议。     

建立中国-东盟自由贸易区对广西外贸的影响及对策

广西是中国-东盟自由贸易区的前沿阵地。中国-东盟自由贸易区的建立给广西的发展带来了巨大的机遇,使广西与东盟各国的贸易越来越健康地发展,使广西与东盟双向投资越来越频繁,但也带来了挑战。我们要以自由贸易区为平台,抓住合作环境改善、经贸投资地域和领域扩大等机遇,克服产品竞争力弱等不利因素,运用经贸对象和领域的合理选择、投资策略的调整等办法,推动双方经贸合作关系不断发展。     

中日贸易逆差与汇率之间关系的实证分析

文章基于VAR模型的研究方法,应用季度数据,分析2001--2007年间汇率和需求等因素对中日两国双边贸易收支的影响。结果显示：长期中汇率与中日贸易收支不满足马歇尔-勒纳条件,短期内实际汇率对贸易逆差的调节作用很小。无论在短期还是长期,真正影响中日双边贸易收支的因素是日本的国内需求和政治因素。葛兰杰因果检验显示中国对日本的贸易逆差是日本经济复苏的原因。     

Chinese RMB exchange rate and local currency price stability in ASEAN trade

The article uses trade data between China and ASEAN countries to test hypotheses related to pricing to market (PTM) and consequent local currency price stability (LCPS). The degree of price discrimination associated with real RMB exchange rate changes between China and ASEAN + 2 shows evidence of local currency price stability in some industries in which exporters may be less competitive. China's trade policy may have also played a role in the local currency price stability. The article finds no evidence that RMB appreciation creates a larger impact on price adjustment than RMB depreciation.     

Real exchange rates and U.S./Korean bilateral trade

This study examines the impacts of the real exchange rate on the bilateral trade between the U.S. and Korea using a highly disaggregated data set. In doing so, we estimate real exchange rate elasticity for 59 exported commodities （SITC two-digit classification） and 48 imported commodities （also SITC two-digit classification）. Furthermore, we classify commodities according to their attributes in order to examine whether commodity attributes influence the exchange rate elasticity of exports and imports. According to this study＇s results, there have been large changes across those commodities that are ranked as being top contributors to U.S. exports to and imports from Korea for the time periods before, during, and after the Korean financial crisis. Commodity attributes are shown to influence the exchange rate elasticity but are not always consistent with the a priori expectations.     

The theory of optimum currency areas,trade adjustment,and trade

This article seeks to provide a closer integration of the theory of optimum currency areas with the theory of international trade. A currency area is treated as a continuous variable ranging from zero to one: zero if there is no enlargement, and some positive value otherwise, corresponding exactly to the percentge of trade in the enlarged area. The benefits of widening a currency area are then regarded, in terms of conventional trade theory, as equivalent to a reduction in transportation cost. The costs of widening a currency area are seen, instead, with reference to open economy macroeconomics, as a drop in the speed of adjustment of the terms of trade to their long-run equilibrium level. On this basis, it is shown that the marginal benefits of enlarging a currency area fall, the marginal costs rise, and an optimum size arises. But this size depends heavily on the optimal composition of the members.CEPR     

论外贸企业对人民币汇率风险的防范

随着人民币汇率制度进一步改革,人民币汇率更加具有弹性,汇率浮动范围日益扩大,外贸企业面临的汇率风险与日俱增。本文探讨了外贸企业应如何正确认识人民币汇率风险,提高汇率风险防范意识,选择合适措施,化解汇率风险,增强企业竞争力。     

人民币实际汇率变动对我国进出口贸易影响:1997-2006

本文选取1997-2006年的月度数据运用VAR方法,控制了FDI存量和我国加工贸易特征影响后,对贸易收支与人民币实际汇率变动关系进行了动态分析,并得出6大结论。     

人民币实际汇率与外商直接投资的实证分析

本文通过运用协整分析和格兰杰因果关系检验方法对1980-2004年间的外商直接投资与人民币汇率的关系进行了研究,文章认为外商直接投资的增加会导致人民币汇率的升值,其研究结果表明:人民币汇率与外商直接投资之间存在着长期的均衡关系,而且外商直接投资是人民币汇率的格兰杰原因。     

Estimating the equilibrium exchange rate of the Central and Eastern European acceding countries: The challenge of euro adoption

This study estimates the equilibrium real and nominal exchange rates for five Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. A new approach is adopted, which combines the fundamental equilibrium exchange rate (FEER) with the behavioural equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) methodology. In a VAR-based 3-equation cointegration system, we estimate structural equations for internal and external balances and link them to the real exchange rate. The estimated misalignment is used to derive equilibrium nominal exchange rates. The sustainability of an ERM-II-type exchange rate regime is investigated on ex post data, and the credibility problem of fixing the currencies of CEE countries vis-à-vis the single European currency is analysed. JEL no. E31, F31, O11, P17     

我国外汇储备影响因素分析与汇率制度选择

本文通过误差修正模型分析了我国外汇储备长期和短期的影响因素,认为短期影响因素是进出口额与外商直接投资。根据模型结论,本文认为继续深化汇率体制改革,适度加快人民币升值和扩大波动区间,利用汇率自身与对进出口额的杠杆作用,直接和间接地将外汇储备控制在合理的范围内。     

商业银行国际贸易融资汇率风险防范研究

国际贸易融资业务目前已成为许多国际性银行的主要业务之一。针对我国汇改后商业银行开展国际贸易融资业务中最主要的汇率风险,商业银行应利用金融衍生产品规避风险,并采取相应的对策措施。     

论汇率问题对中美关系的影响

近年来,随着中美贸易总量的持续扩大,汇率问题逐渐成为影响中美关系的重要问题。美国几届政府在人民币汇率升值问题上向中国不断施加压力,为此,中美双方的分歧、协商、合作一直存在。本文将阐述汇率政策上的磋商与合作对两国国内经济稳定增长及两国经贸关系健康发展的作用,并分析汇率问题对中美关系的短期和长期影响。     

金融危机下内地和香港进出口贸易与汇率变动分析

本文运用单位根检验和协整分析对内地和香港进出口贸易与人民币汇率之间的关系进行了估计,还对两地贸易结构进行了分析。结论表明,尽管两地进出口受全球消费市场疲弱和信贷市场萎缩的影响有所减少,但两地间经贸合作关系受人民币汇率变动影响小,价格是拉动两地经济发展的主要原因。     

中日韩自由贸易区的构想与难题

中日韩自由贸易区的构想，是在东亚国家地区主义意识觉醒、区内贸易不断扩大以及中日韩三国经贸联系日趋紧密条件下提出的。然而，要想使构想转化为现实，还有待于诸如农产品市场开放、政治互信及主导权等诸多棘手问题的解决。