休闲:经济学分析与统计

作为现代经济社会的一个重要特征，日益凸现的休闲需求和不断丰富的休闲活动促使我们众理论角度对其进行深入分析。本文结合理论和应用两个方面，在回顾并分析经济学对休闲的理论诠释及某些国家的相关统计的基础上指出，要深化对“休闲产业”的理论探讨，加强对休闲消费的调查研究。     

浅谈我国休闲旅游与休闲产业、休闲社会的发展关系

休闲旅游、休闲产业和休闲社会虽然看似三个不同范畴的概念,但却密切相关,在我国这三者的发展关系与西方发达国家相比还存在一些特殊性.     

我国发展休闲旅游产业需要注意的问题

我国正在融入整个国际休闲社会的背景中,我们从政府正在出台的政策以及新的产业布局的调整中,看到了休闲产业的社会条件支持系统正在建立。然而,不容乐观的是,我国是发展中国家,离休闲时代还有一大段遥远的路,我们必须从思想观念、政策引导和人文关怀等多个方面推进休闲旅游的发展:     

论休闲产业发展与和谐社会建设

和谐社会包含着人与社会的和谐、人与自然的和谐、人与人的和谐以及人的自我和谐.休闲和休闲产业的发展与和谐社会的建设目标具有高度的一致性,休闲产业可以为和谐社会的建设提供服务,并找到在和谐社会建设中休闲产业的着力点.     

湖南长沙休闲产业现状分析

调查表明：湖南长沙的休闲产业可分为歌厅休闲、酒吧休闲、洗浴休闲、电视休闲、“农家乐”休闲、广场与公园休闲等七种类型。歌厅休闲始于20世纪80年代,年接待170万人次,营业收入逾亿元;上规模的酒吧20多家;足浴城17000多家,长沙已成为“脚都”;“农家乐”877家,年接待273万多人次,营业收入2亿元。居民休闲最主要的目的是愉悦身心,放松自己。95％的居民认为长沙休闲消费水平为中上,可以接受。73％的居民1周至少休闲1次。     

城市休闲产业与产品发展导向研究——基于休闲需求结构与行为的分析

本文运用产业经济学原理,将理论研究与统计分析相结合,研究说明两个问题:(1)基于休闲需求结构分析的城市休闲产业发展导向;(2)基于休闲消费行为分析的城市休闲产品发展导向.研究成果的指导意义在于:试图为城市休闲产业与产品发展指明道路.     

城市休闲产业与产品的发展导向研究——基于休闲需求结构与行为的分析

本文运用产业经济学原理,将理论研究与统计分析相结合,研究说明两个问题：（1）基于休闲需求结构分析的城市休闲产业发展导向;（2）基于休闲消费行为分析的城市休闲产品发展导向。研究成果的指导意义在于：试图为城市休闲产业与产品发展指明道路。     

国际休闲研究动向与我国休闲研究主要命题刍议

西方关于休闲学的研究已有100多年历史,也已具备相当的理论与实践积累,成果颇丰,当前呈现出多学科综合交叉研究动向.我国休闲研究起步10年,出现了一批理论成果.随着社会经济文化的发展,我国面临诸多与休闲相关的问题,休闲研究显得极为紧迫.本文借鉴国外研究动向与现实课题,尝试性提出我国目前休闲研究的主要命题.     

我国居民的休闲时间、旅游休闲与休闲旅游

人类进入21世纪之后,休闲成为世界范围内的热门话题.随着经济的快速发展,我国居民的休闲时间也在逐渐增加,旅游休闲的需求在扩大,休闲旅游也逐步取代观光旅游,成为我国大众旅游的主题之一.     

城市休闲与休闲城市

随着休闲概念的普及与发展,城市休闲与休闲城市建设成为城市发展的一个前沿课题.本文在研究城市休闲影响因素和城市休闲体系构建的基础上,对建设休闲城市进行了初步探索.     

Leisure sciences and leisure studies: Different concept,same crisis?

This article suggests that although United Kingdom leisure studies and North American leisure sciences are characterized by different epistemological, methodological, and theoretical perspectives, they have both arrived at a similar recognition: their relative failure to develop an understanding of the societal, cultural, and individual meanings associated with leisure. The predominantly sociological leisure studies has adopted a society in leisure approach, exploring how broader sociocultural structures are reflected in leisure and largely ignoring issues of individual meaning. The predominantly sociopsychological leisure sciences, with its stress on positivist methodology, has often produced analyses of leisure without society and failed to address issues of the social and cultural meanings associated with leisure. Assertions about a “postmodern condition”; have highlighted the gaps in leisure studies’ understanding of leisure meanings, and critics within leisure sciences have argued that the predominance of one methodology mitigates against adoption of the qualitative methodologies necessary to address the increasingly important issues of leisure diversity and meaning.     

国内外休闲研究扫描--兼谈建立我国休闲学科体系的设想

本文全面地介绍了国内外休闲研究的发展背景、演变历程、研究现状、相关机构和代表文献，提供了一个把握休闲研究脉络和体系的图景，并就建立适合我国国情的休闲学科研究体系提出了设想。     

也谈休闲城市与城市休闲

本文对休闲城市的标准做了较为系统的整理,对城市休闲的基本问题从规划实践的角度做了较为全面的阐述,对城市休闲的产业体系、城市休闲的游憩方式与城市休闲的空间构成等问题进行了深入研究。     

Leisure Constraints,Leisure Satisfaction,Life Satisfaction,and Self-Rated Health in Six Cities in Taiwan

Extensive research shows that individuals in lower socioeconomic statuses experience higher levels of morbidity and mortality than those of higher social status. This disparity remains even after lifestyle changes such as reduced smoking, improved diet, more exercise, and better access to medical care are afforded to those of lower status. According to Fundamental Social Cause Theory (FSCT), access to valued resources, including environmental, social, and psychological factors, mediates the relationship. The purpose of this study is to determine if leisure constraints, leisure satisfaction, and life satisfaction are among the variables that mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and self-rated health in six cities in Taiwan. Results indicated that leisure related variables, including leisure constraints and leisure satisfaction, mediate the relationship between SES and self-rated health. The results suggest the value of FSCT as a framework for examining the relationship of leisure related variables to health.     

The Contribution of Leisure Participation and Leisure Satisfaction to Stress-Related Growth

This study examined the contribution of leisure participation and leisure satisfaction on the experience of stress-related growth (SRG). Some types of leisure activity may be beneficial for SRG under certain circumstances. In addition, leisure satisfaction may be positively related to the stress-related growth experience. The participants of this study were 318 undergraduate students at an eastern Canadian university. The results indicated that frequent participation in civic activities and leisure satisfaction were statistically significant predictors of SRG. The findings in this study provided further evidence that positive leisure experiences and specific types of leisure activity not only help people cope with various stresses, but also facilitate growth-related changes.     

Perceived Parental Control,Restructuring Ability,and Leisure Motivation: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

ABSTRACT

Leisure is viewed worldwide as an important developmental context for adolescents. As leisure research and programs are shared across nations, it is crucial to examine the cultural equivalence of leisure-related constructs and how they are related. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study explored the influence of perceived parental control and leisure restructuring ability on leisure motivation (amotivation and autonomous motivation) using samples of eighth grade adolescents in the United States and South Africa. Results of multiple-group structural equation modeling showed that the measurement model of the constructs was equivalent across the two samples, but the determinants of leisure motivation differed between the two samples. The findings provide implications for future cross-cultural research in leisure and offer insights on design and adaptation of leisure-based intervention and education programs in different cultural contexts.