Balancing the Australian National Accounts

This paper describes a method of balancing the Income and Expenditure Accounts. By formulating the accounts in a social accounting matrix, assigning reliability weights to the items in the accounts, and using an elegant balancing method advanced by Stone, the discrepancies in the accounts may be removed. Results of this are presented for the period 1970-71 to 1983–84.     

Fisher Ideal Indexes in the National Income and Product Accounts

The mastery of the spreadsheet technique has become almost universal in economics departments. The authors explain, step-by-step, how the spreadsheet can be used as an instructional aid to teach basic microeconomic concepts.     

现代化标准与国民经济核算体系研究

现代化标准是现代化理论研究中十分重要而无法回避的课题，现代化标准与国民经济核算体系有着密切的联系。     

The Welfare Economic Theory of Green National Accounts

This paper takes a critical look at the literature on green national accounts. The problem studied is to find a linear index of economic variables that responds to perturbations in the same direction as social well-being. The thesis of a large literature, that net national product (which is a flow) is that index in closed economies, is shown in some interpretations to be simply false and in others to suffer from deep estimation problems. It is argued that capital depreciation using shadow prices should certainly be included in national accounts, but that the right welfare index is a comprehensive measure of wealth, defined as the shadow value of an economy’s stock of all capital assets. It is shown that comprehensive wealth is usable as a criterion for policy evaluation as well as for determining sustainable economic development.     

Commercial Buildings Capital Consumption and the United States National Accounts

Commercial buildings are a major asset class, over 30 percent of the value of the stock of all produced assets according to the BEA. Yet, US commercial buildings depreciation has not been comprehensively studied since the highly influential work of Hulten and Wykoff almost 40 years ago. This paper's major contributions include: (i) More flexible and precise estimation of the net depreciation value/age profile, allowing much finer characterization of the building life cycle; (ii) Explicit quantification of the land value component of commercial property value, enabling net depreciation to be quantified as a fraction of remaining structure value; (iii) Inclusion of capital improvement expenditures, allowing estimates of “gross depreciation” (total capital consumption); and (iv) Implications of the paper's findings to and for the national accounts.     

Incorporating household production into the National Transfer Accounts for Slovenia

The National Transfer Accounts (NTA) have recently been developed to measure economic flows across age groups. In this article, we extend the NTA for Slovenia by including the value of unpaid household production. Based on time-use data, we discover that people in Slovenia spent even more time on household production than on paid work, which emphasises the necessity of including household production in the NTA analysis. We find that there are large net transfers of household production flowing from adults to children, and to a lesser extent also to the elderly. We calculate unpaid production separately for both genders, and discover that females provide much more unpaid production and total productive work than males. In addition, they face a much more intensive ‘rush hour of life’ than males. We expect that similar patterns may be found in other post-communist countries where equalising labour force participation by gender was central to the communist agenda, but where no similar efforts were undertaken to equalise household work burdens.     

《中国国民经济核算体系(2002)》刍议

经过 10年的发展 ,中国国民经济核算体系研究与应用方面取得了巨大成就。即将颁布实施的《中国国民经济核算体系 (2 0 0 2 )》相对于 1992年的《中国国民经济核算体系实施方案》无论是在基本框架、账户体系、主要指标、统计分类等方面 ,还是在理论上的系统性、应用上的可操作性、资料的使用价值以及国际可比性等方面都得到了进一步完善和发展。本文主要讨论《中国国民经济核算体系 (2 0 0 2 )》修订的主要内容及其实施的重要作用。     

大学生手机消费的规律性及重要启示--北方11所高校大学生手机消费市场的调查

通过对北方11所高校大学生手机消费市场的调查,梳理出大学生手机消费在使用目的、品牌分布、价格分布、手机拥有与家庭收入关系、生活费用对比、每月话费额、各类业务使用情况、沟通内容、选择服务商的差别、上课时手机状态等十个方面存在的规律性,通过研究这些规律可得到三条重要启示。     

基于手机信令数据的上海大型公园 分类研究

利用手机信令大样本数据中提取的上海32个大型公园游客出发、抵达、离开时间和居住地坐标等数据信息，解析公园游客时空行为，利用行为特性在公园使用中的表征将公园进行分类：基于公园的游客来源地(以下简称“客源地”)覆盖范围划分为服务公园周边区域的局地类和服务市域的广域2个大类；基于不同时段客流量分布趋势的均缓与集中特性，划分局地均缓、局地集中，广域均缓和广域集中4个中类；基于客源地核心形态紧凑与松散的特性，将4个中类分为局地均缓紧凑、局地均缓松散等8个小类。分别通过8类公园的时空指标——客源地面积、核心聚集面积、游客居住地至公园的人均OD和高峰开始与持续时间，对每类公园特征进行了量化描述并对其成因进行了解析。将基于游客行为的“公园利用类型”与基于资源供给视角的“公园规划类型”分类结果进行比对，发掘产生公园定位错位的原因，并对公园的规划管理现状提出改进建议。     

西门子:为"聪明机场"添彩

1月29日清晨,中国南方航空公司的CZ3097航班在跑道上缓缓滑行,这架载着240多名台胞的波音777,将是56年来首架抵达台北机场的大陆航班。     

基于O2O的废旧手机绿色物流模式研究

科学技术快速发展,手机的生命周期越来越短,更新速度越来越快。人们的生活水平不断提高,手机已经不再是奢侈品,而成为了时尚用品,因此手机的更换速度也越来越快。废旧手机的资源化成为研究的热点问题之一。文章在总结了废旧手机处理的现状的基础上,分析了我国废旧手机处理存在的主要问题,并提出了基于O2O(Online And Offline,线上线下融合的电子商务模式)的废旧手机循环物流模式,以期达到提高废旧手机回收率,提高废旧手机资源利用率的目的。     

The Emerging New Concept of Services in the System of National Accounts and the Balance of Payments

The new manuals of the National Accounts and of the Balance of Payments are implementing new features regarding services. The paper points out the emergence of an innovative concept of services which is highly relevant but whose consequences may not be fully understood. This new perspective helps to focus on the true nature of services, but it also redefines the borders between services and goods. The paper addresses the problems left unresolved, or brought in, by the revisions. Furthermore, it studies the treatment of non‐financial services in the BOP as compared to the SNA. Although the two approaches have been rendered more compatible, the BOP still incorporates several inconsistencies. The hesitancy to completely implement the new services definition tends to somewhat blur the measurement of trade in services.     

Twenty-Five Years of Counting for Nothing: Waring's Critique of National Accounts

Marilyn Waring’s If Women Counted (1988) shows how national income accounting became infused with the patriarchal values dominant during its post–World War II development. This article revisits Waring’s analysis in the light of continued support of gross domestic product as a useful statistic. It explains the historical and personal context for her analysis, emphasizing postwar patriarchal values as well as Waring’s experience as a Member of the New Zealand Parliament (1975–84) and her active engagement with women in developed and developing countries. It illustrates the support If Women Counted gives to reformers and recognizes that change has occurred, including provision for satellite accounts in the United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA). Nevertheless, the paper concludes that Waring’s profound challenge to the central framework of UNSNA will continue as long as the system excludes unpaid household work and impacts on the natural environment from its core statistics.     

On Cross-country Comparability of Government Statistics: Public expenditure trends in OECD National Accounts

Government statistics in the 'Detailed Tables' of OECD yearly National Accounts, one of the most internationally used references for comparative economic studies, show remarkable inconsistencies. The interpretation by economists and other users of data on total government outlays by function and type, gross capital formation, added value of general government, compensation of employees, and on other public sector data needs more prudence than it is usually acknowledged. In some cases, strong policy implications risk being drawn on shaky foundations. International organisations should invest more in the quality of data they disseminate.     

Inflation and Profits — The SVA and Depreciation Adjustments in the National Accounts*

This paper argues that the figures of profits contained in the national accounts are inappropriate in assessing the performance of industry. The error lies in deducting amounts for stock valuation adjustment from recorded profits. There is a discussion of the arguments usually proposed by national accountants for the deduction and it is concluded that these arguments are invalid. A suggestion is made that the amount of the stock valuation adjustment should be regarded as reflecting the delay in passing on costs of production, and this should be recorded in the national accounts as a timing difference between estimates of national expenditure (which exclude the stock valuation adjustment) and national product (where profits include the stock valuation adjustment).     

GDP Growth Rates Calculated from Quarterly National Accounts: Discrepancies and Revisions

The differences between income-based and expenditure-based rates of real GDP growth are examined. The extent to which initial growth rates are subsequently affected by data revisions is documented. Results of regressions of first reported growth rates on the growth rates reported in QNA June 1985 are presented for three samples - the sample of income-based estimates of GDP growth rates, the sample of expenditure-based estimates and the sample of mean rates (average of the two estimates).