Tourism occupations and education: an exploration study

This article contributes to the literature on the relationship between the tourism industry and vocational tourism education. It reports on an exploratory study of the work of a sample of tourism professionals and their education. The study attempts to classify tourism occupations by modifying an established scheme used in general administration. The study sought to find commonality within the diverse occupations and to go on to relate that to tourism education. The study found that the majority of the sample of 153 contained a common set of 24 activities. In educational terms, marketing, recreation and leisure and finance dominated as relevant subjects to study for tourism occupations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于确保合资铁路安全生产闭环管控的探索与实践

铁路安全管理贯穿于运输生产全过程。结合集通铁路集团公司安全管理实践,探索合资铁路企业如何按照铁道部＂高标准、讲科学、不懈怠＂的要求,结合＂三项工程＂建设的实施,围绕安全生产控制这一根本,建立安全生产控制管理体系,保证运输安全。     

广铁集团广告产业改革与重组方案

从产业发展阶段、经营单位构成、广告媒体的管理和使用、经营模式等方面剖析广州铁路（集团）公司广告产业发展现状,指出广告产业存在的广告媒体经营权责界定不清、缺乏统一规划和管理等问题并分析其原因,借鉴其他铁路局发展经验,提出集团广告业改革重组建议方案。     

The influence of neighborhood environment and household travel interactions on school travel behavior: an exploration using geographically-weighted models

Professional and popular interest in active school transportation (walking and cycling) is matched by an emerging literature on this topic. This paper explores school travel behavior of 11-year old children in Toronto, Canada. In particular, the effects of the neighborhood environment and caregiver-child travel interactions on travel mode choice were studied. Results indicate that the built environment near both home and school locations was associated with the odds of walking. However, predicted built environment effects were less accurate in some neighborhoods. Availability of adults at the time of school travel likely encouraged driving. School transportation interventions that broadly consider school and neighborhood-oriented policies and enable independent mobility may increase walking rates. Presence of spatial autocorrelation in the prevalence of walking suggests that more research is required to understand inter-household similarities in behaviors that are spatially structured.     

关于建立铁路客站安全评价体系的研究与思考

随着铁路高速发展,亟需建立铁路客站安全评价体系。阐述铁路客站安全保障系统的内涵。结合铁路客站危险源的分析,介绍铁路客站安全评价体系具体内容,提出保障铁路客站安全的原则与策略建议。     

Process innovation capability and subsequent collaborative team performance in travel planning: a knowledge exchange platform perspective

Purpose: Backpacker tourism is flourishing in this century as the high development of Internet technology which enables travellers to search for resources they need easier. The research goal of this study was to exam how virtual skill and collective efficacy affect process innovation capability and subsequent team performance of collaborative design team in a virtual community. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, we formulated the virtual team model from the perspectives of open innovation paradigm and virtual competence, and we collected virtual community participation samples from the online communities. Invitation emails were delivered to numerous trip plan initiators in two well-known online travel communities for filling survey questionnaires for this study. In total, 3000 invitation messages were mailed, of which 373 were returned completed. The model and hypotheses were tested by structural equation modelling. Findings: Virtual competence, including collective efficacy and virtual media skill, is the essential key to facilitate process innovation capability and subsequent team performance success. Besides, knowledge sharing significantly moderates the relationship between process innovation capability and the team performance. Originality/value: Backpackers in the online travel communities have to have not only the willingness to collaborate, but also the abilities of using the correct tool to help with their tasks. When a self-efficacy gets into collective efficacy, it enables the collaborative team to develop with good virtual competencies. Accordingly, trip plan initiator and participants of a virtual team are as expertise contributors between conformity in online communities and online compulsive control tendencies.     

铁路运力资源配置机制及评价体系研究

运力资源配置受运输市场和消费者选择的作用,运输服务的市场均衡价格将会介于运输服务提供商按照预期目标提出的价格和用户按照效用提出的价格之间,在此基础上达到供需平衡。采用运输弹性系数分析铁路运输和国民经济的关系,并进一步分析对区域经济的影响,最后借助于多元回归分析对铁路运输产业的资源配置进行效用评价。     

客运专线预制梁场选址综合评价决策模型研究与应用

分析影响客运专线预制梁场选址的因素,建立客运专线预制梁场选址综合评价指标体系及决策评价模型,利用层次分析法AHP确定各评价指标权重,并结合客运专线预制梁场场址方案决策案例,对该模型进行应用分析。     

铁路可持续发展评价体系研究

从社会经济、运输能力及经济效益、能源消耗、安全可靠性、环境保护等方面建立铁路可持续发展的客观评价指标体系,采用层次分析法与模糊识别理论相结合的多级模糊综合评价方法进行计算,对我国铁路的可持续发展性进行纵向定量评价。纵向评价结果显示,当前我国铁路处于＂弱可持续发展＂级别,在可持续发展阶段中属于中等偏下状态。其中能源资源消耗状况处于基本可持续发展级别,显示了铁路运输方式的优势;但运输安全状况值得关注,需要增强对运输安全的管理和技术投入。     

铁路客运检修基地合理布局的研究

针对我国铁路线路分布广阔,以及检修基地投资巨大,通过定性和定量相结合的方式,分析了检修基地设置的合理数量,建立以全路客车车辆进出检修基地的总的走行距离最短为目标的规划模型,得出不同方案的定量结果,并对各方案进行简要的分析。     

青藏线运输能力适应性综合评价分析

在分析影响青藏线运输能力因素的基础上,建立了青藏线运输能力适应性模糊综合评价指标体系和模型,分3个层次对该线运输能力适应性进行综合评价,认为青藏线运输能力适应性水平是高的,整个运输组织方案是可行的,但还需对特大灾害和事故下的应对方案和措施进行研究。     

Policy-sensitive selection and phasing of road investments with a goal program

A goal program to select and schedule road projects can include policy considerations in addition to those covered by cost-benefit evaluation. Five economic benefits and twelve environmental, developmental and accessibility objectives constitute the goals in a rural application in Western Australia. A plan and construction schedule can be generated for any set of priorities, each satisfying the budget constraint. Government can choose from them to match current policy concerns and meet the needs of affected residents. The method is particularly valuable when there are linkages between projects.     

战区军事交通运输网络保障能力评价研究

战区军事交通运输网络是战区平战时组织军事运输的物质基础,直接影响和制约战区军事交通运输的保障能力和水平。为此,建立科学合理的战区军事交通运输网络评价指标体系和方法,对于完善战区军事交通网络布局,做好战区军事交通准备具有重要意义。     

论铁路公安机关正规化建设中三大体系的建立与运作

三大体系是工作规范体系、绩效评估体系、奖惩激励体系的总称，是铁道部公安局为推动铁路公安机关正规化建设，以公安部“三基”建设为契机，迎合现代警务改革的一项重要举措。从三大体系建立的背景、依据出发，探讨三大体系建设的意义以及各体系的内涵、地位和作用是文章的要义所在。     

铁路局货车使用考核系统的研究与实践

分析铁路局货车使用费和货车周转时间两项运输经营指标超计划的深层次原因,探讨如何从建立长效管理监控机制入手,构建铁路局货车使用考核系统,提高货车使用效率,进一步压缩货车使用成本。     

TOD+PPP模式的开发运用和投资评价研究

TOD将交通系统的便捷高效和土地的集约利用深度融合,是构建城市发展新格局的关键。在TOD+PPP模式下,政府和社会资本通过合作伙伴关系,共同对轨道交通沿线的土地进行综合开发,利用土地增值收益反哺轨道交通的建设和运营,提高轨道交通的社会效益和经济效益。文中选取长三角地区的某条城际铁路,通过案例分析的形式介绍TOD+PPP的运作模式、开发方案和经济效益。     

Using GIS to visualise and evaluate student travel behaviour

Using GIS to evaluate travel behaviour is an important technique to increase our understanding of the relationship between accessibility and transport demand. In this paper, the activity space concept was used to identify the nature of participation in activities (or lack of it) amongst a group of students using a 2 day travel-activity diary. Three different indicators such as the number of unique locations visited, average daily distance travelled, and average daily activity duration were used to measure the size of activity spaces. These indicators reflect levels of accessibility, personal mobility, and the extent of participation, respectively. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess the impacts of students socio-economic status and the spatial characteristics of home location. Although no differences were found in the levels of accessibility and the extent of participation measures, home location with respect to a demand responsive transport (DRT) service was found to be the most important determinant of their mobility patterns. Despite being able to travel longer distances, students who live outside of the DRT service area were found to be temporally excluded from some opportunities. Student activity spaces were also visualised within a GIS environment and a spatial analysis was conducted to underpin the evaluation of the performance of the DRT. This approach was also used to identify the activity spaces of individuals that are geographically excluded from the service. Evaluation of these results indicated that although the service currently covers areas of high demand, 90% of the activity spaces remained un-served by the DRT service. Using this data six new routes were designed to meet the coverage goal of public transport based on a measure of network impedance based on inverse activity density. Following assessment of public transport service coverage, the study was extended using a spatial multi criteria evaluation (SMCE) technique to assess the effect of service provision on patronage.